1.
Order of the British Empire
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There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the United Kingdom, the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British honours. Most members are citizens of the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth realms that use the Imperial system of honours and awards. Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where the Queen is not head of state, occasionally, honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame – Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. In particular, King George V wished to create an Order to honour many thousands of those who had served in a variety of non-combatant roles during the First World War, when first established, the Order had only one division. However, in 1918, soon after its foundation, it was divided into Military. The Orders motto is For God and the Empire, at the foundation of the Order, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the British Empire Medal, in addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. The British monarch is Sovereign of the Order, and appoints all members of the Order. The next most senior member is the Grand Master, of whom there have been three, Prince Edward, the Prince of Wales, Queen Mary, and the current Grand Master, the Duke of Edinburgh. The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross,845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the number of members of the fourth and fifth classes. Foreign recipients, as members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Though men can be knighted separately from an order of chivalry, women cannot, and so the rank of Knight/Dame Commander of the Order is the lowest rank of damehood, and second-lowest of knighthood. Because of this, Dame Commander is awarded in circumstances in which a man would be created a Knight Bachelor, for example, by convention, female judges of the High Court of Justice are created Dames Commander after appointment, while male judges become Knights Bachelor. The Order has six officials, the Prelate, the Dean, the Secretary, the Registrar, the King of Arms, the Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Orders Prelate. The Dean of St Pauls is ex officio the Dean of the Order, the Orders King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. From time to time, individuals are appointed to a higher grade within the Order, thereby ceasing usage of the junior post-nominal letters
2.
Harlow
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Harlow is a former Mark One New Town and local government district in the west of Essex, England. In Old Harlow is a field named Harlowbury, a de-settled monastic area which has the remains of a chapel, the M11 motorway passes through the east of the district, entirely to the east of the town. It is also a part of the London commuter belt and employment centre of the M11 corridor which includes Cambridge. There is some dispute as to where the placename Harlow derives from, One theory is that it derives from the Anglo-Saxon words here and hlaw, meaning army hill, probably to be identified with Mulberry Hill, which was used as the moot or meeting place for the district. The other theory is that it derives from the here and hearg, meaning temple hill/mound, probably to be identified with an Iron Age burial mound. The earliest deposits are of a Mesolithic hunting camp excavated by Davey in Northbrooks in the 1970s closely followed by the large and these deposits are mostly known because of the large numbers of surface-bound, worked flint. Substantial amounts of worked flint suggest an organised working of flint in the area, large amounts of debitage litter the area and tools found include axeheads, hammers, blades, dowels and other boring tools and multipurpose flints such as scrapers. An organised field walk in the late 1990s by Bartlett indicates that most of the area, some 80 hectares and this indicates organised industry existed from 5000 BC to 2000 BC. The deposits are so large and dispersed that any major work in the area will have to take this into consideration before any ground work is started. Harlow was in Roman times the site of a town with a substantial stone built temple. The entry in the Norman Domesday Book reads, Herlaua, St Edmunds Abbey before and after 1066, Geoffrey from Count Eustace, Thorgils from Eudo the Steward, Richard from Ranulf, Mill,7 beehives,8 cobs,43 cattle,3 foals. The mill is now a 300-year-old listed building and restaurant, the original village, mentioned in the Domesday Book, developed as a typical rural community around what is now known as Old Harlow, with many of its buildings still standing. This includes for instance the Grade II listed St Marys Church in Churchgate Street and its former Chapel is in a ruinous state in a field which was once the Harlowbury Abbey part of Old Harlow, is Grade I listed and is a scheduled ancient monument. The original Harlow New Town was built after World War II to ease overcrowding in London, Harlow was a Mark One New Town along with other new towns such as Basildon, Stevenage and Hemel Hempstead. New Towns were designated following the New Towns Act of 1946, the town was planned from the outset and was designed to respect the existing landscape. A number of landscape wedges - which later known as Green Wedges - were designed to cut through the town. Each of the neighbourhoods is self-supporting with its own shopping precincts, community facilities. Harlow has one of the most extensive cycle track networks in the country, connecting all areas of the town to the town centre, the cycle network is composed mostly of the original old town roads
3.
Essex
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Essex /ˈɛsᵻks/ is a county in England immediately north-east of London. It borders the counties of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south, the county town is Chelmsford, which is the only city in the county. Essex occupies the part of the old Kingdom of Essex, before this. As well as areas, the county also includes London Stansted Airport, the new towns of Basildon and Harlow, Lakeside Shopping Centre, the port of Tilbury. Originally recorded in AD527, Essex occupied territory to the north of the River Thames, incorporating all of what later became Middlesex and its territory was later restricted to lands east of the River Lea. In changes before the Norman conquest the East Saxons were subsumed into the Kingdom of England and, following the Norman conquest, Essex became a county. During the medieval period, much of the area was designated a Royal forest, including the county in a period to 1204. Gradually, the subject to forest law diminished, but at various times included the forests of Becontree, Chelmsford, Epping, Hatfield, Ongar. County-wide administration Essex County Council was formed in 1889, however County Boroughs of West Ham, Southend-on-Sea and East Ham formed part of the county but were unitary authorities. 12 boroughs and districts provide more localised services such as rubbish and recycling collections, leisure and planning, parish-level administration – changes A few Essex parishes have been transferred to other counties. Before 1889, small areas were transferred to Hertfordshire near Bishops Stortford, Essex became part of the East of England Government Office Region in 1994 and was statistically counted as part of that region from 1999, having previously been part of the South East England region. Two unitary authorities In 1998 the boroughs of Southend-on-Sea and Thurrock were granted autonomy from the county of Essex after successful requests to become unitary authorities. Essex Police covers the county and the two unitary authorities. The county council chamber and main headquarters is at the County Hall in Chelmsford, before 1938 the council regularly met in London near Moorgate, which with significant parts closer to that point and the dominance of railways had been more convenient than any place in the county. It currently has 75 elected councillors, before 1965, the number of councillors reached over 100. The highest point of the county of Essex is Chrishall Common near the village of Langley, close to the Hertfordshire border, the pattern of settlement in the county is diverse. Epping Forest also acts as a barrier to the further spread of London. Part of the southeast of the county, already containing the population centres of Basildon, Southend and Thurrock, is within the Thames Gateway
4.
Businesswoman
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An entrepreneur is an example of a businessperson. The term may mean someone who is involved in an upper-level management role in a corporation, company, enterprise, firm, organization. This can especially apply to the founder, an owner, a manager, since a businessman can mean anyone in industry or commerce, businessmen have existed as long as industry and commerce have existed. Commerce can simply mean trade, and trade has existed through all of recorded history, the first businessmen were traders, or merchants. Merchants emerged as a class in medieval Italy, between 1300 and 1500, modern accounting, the bill of exchange, and limited liability were invented, and thus the world saw the first true bankers, who are certainly businessmen. Around the same time, Europe saw the emergence of rich merchants and this rise of the merchant class came as Europe needed a middleman for the first time, and these burghers or bourgeois were the people who played this role. Europe became the dominant global power in the 16th century. In this period, Europe developed and used paper money, checks, developments in actuarial science led to insurance. Together, these new tools were used by a new kind of businessman and these people owned or financed businesses as bankers, but they were not merchants of goods. These capitalists were a force in the Industrial Revolution. The newest kind of businessperson is the manager, one of the first true managers was Robert Owen, an industrialist in Scotland. He studied the problems of productivity and motivation, and was followed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, after World War I, management became popular due to the example of Herbert Hoover and the Harvard Business School, which offered degrees in business administration. There are no prescribed educational qualifications, rules or guidelines which one may follow, a person owning a small gas station in a local market is as much as a businessperson as a person who owns and leads a large Silicon Valley technology giant. There are many paths to becoming a businessperson, hence, no rigid formal educational qualification requirements can be stated for becoming a businessperson. However, there are attributes that successful businessmen must possess, Tact financial and business savvy, courage, leadership, vision, creativity, imagination. Among these components include branding, advertising, and public relations, well-balanced consistency in their business approach. Interest in giving back to society through philanthropy or venture capitalism for future socioeconomic development, hence, a businessperson should have the ability to take prompt decisions. Determination, courage and perseverance, They must have strong power and determination
5.
David Beckham
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David Robert Joseph Beckham, OBE is an English former professional footballer. He is the first English player to win titles in four countries, England, Spain. He announced his retirement in May 2013 after a 20-year career and he was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2008. A global ambassador for the sport, Beckham is regarded as a British cultural icon, Beckhams professional club career began with Manchester United, where he made his first-team debut in 1992 aged 17. With United, he won the Premier League title six times, the FA Cup twice, and he then played four seasons with Real Madrid, winning the La Liga championship in his final season with the club. In July 2007 Beckham signed a contract with Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy. While a Galaxy player, he spent two spells in Italy with Milan in 2009 and 2010. He was the first British footballer to play 100 UEFA Champions League games, in international football, Beckham made his England debut on 1 September 1996 at the age of 21. He was captain for six years, earning 58 caps during his tenure and he made 115 career appearances in total, appearing at three FIFA World Cup tournaments, in 1998,2002 and 2006, and two UEFA European Championship tournaments, in 2000 and 2004. Beckham has consistently ranked among the highest earners in football, and in 2013 he was listed as the player in the world. He has been married to Victoria Beckham since 1999 and they have four children and he has been a UNICEF UK ambassador since 2005, and in 2015 he launched 7, The David Beckham UNICEF Fund. In 2014, MLS announced Beckham and a group of investors would own a team in Miami. Beckham was born at Whipps Cross University Hospital in Leytonstone, London and he is the son of Sandra Georgina, a hairdresser, and David Edward Alan Ted Beckham, a kitchen fitter, who married at the London Borough of Hackney in 1969. He has a sister, Lynne Georgina, and a younger sister. He regularly played football in Ridgeway Park, Chingford, as a child, in a 2007 interview, Beckham said that, At school whenever the teachers asked, What do you want to do when youre older. Id say, I want to be a footballer, and theyd say, No, what do you really want to do, for a job. But that was the only thing I ever wanted to do, Beckhams maternal grandfather was Jewish, and Beckham has referred to himself as half Jewish and wrote in his autobiography Ive probably had more contact with Judaism than with any other religion. In his book Both Feet on the Ground, he stated that growing up he attended every week with his parents
6.
Contemporary R&B
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Contemporary R&B, also known as simply R&B, is a music genre that combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop and dance. The genre features a record production style, drum machine-backed rhythms, an occasional saxophone-laced beat to give a jazz feel. Electronic influences are becoming a trend and the use of hip hop or dance-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness. Contemporary R&B vocalists are often known for their use of melisma, popularized by such as Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Craig David, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston. That same year, Teddy Riley began producing R&B recordings that included hip hop influences and this combination of R&B style and hip hop rhythms was termed new jack swing and was applied to artists such as Bobby Brown, Keith Sweat, Al B. Guy, Jodeci and Bell Biv DeVoe, the style became less popular by the end of the 1990s, but later experienced a resurgence. In 1990 Mariah Carey released Vision of Love as her debut single and it was immensely popular peaking at number 1 in many worldwide charts including the Billboard Hot 100, and it propelled Mariahs carrier. The song is said to have popularized the use of melisma. During the mid-1990s, Whitney Houstons The Bodyguard, Original Soundtrack Album sold over 40 million copies becoming the best-selling soundtrack of all time. Janet Jacksons self-titled fifth studio album janet. which came after her historic multimillion-dollar contract with Virgin Records, sold over twenty million copies worldwide. Boyz II Men and Mariah Carey recorded several Billboard Hot 100 No.1 hits, including One Sweet Day, Carey also released a remix of her 1995 single Fantasy, with Ol Dirty Bastard as a feature, a collaboration format that was unheard of at this point. Carey, Boyz II Men and TLC released albums in 1994 and 1995—Daydream, II and CrazySexyCool. In the late 1990s, neo soul, which added 1970s soul influences to the hip hop soul blend, arose, led by such as DAngelo, Erykah Badu. Hill and Missy Elliott further blurred the line between R&B and hip hop by recording both styles, beginning in 1995, the Grammy Awards enacted the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album, with II by Boyz II Men becoming the first recipient. The award was received by TLC for CrazySexyCool in 1996, Tony Rich for Words in 1997, Erykah Badu for Baduizm in 1998. At the end of 1999, Billboard magazine ranked Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson as the first, simultaneously, in the second half of the 1990s, The Neptunes and Timbaland set influential precedence on contemporary R&B and hip hop music. R&B acts such as Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, Usher, in 2001, Alicia Keys released Fallin as her debut single. It peaking at one on the Billboard Hot 100, Mainstream Top 40
7.
Virgin Records
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Virgin Records is a British-founded record label originally founded by English entrepreneurs Richard Branson, Simon Draper, Nik Powell, and musician Tom Newman in 1972. It was later sold to Thorn EMI in 1992, today, the operations of Virgin Records America, Inc. are still active and headquartered in Hollywood, California, as it operates exclusively under the Capitol Music Group since 2007. US artists include Knox Hamilton, LTric and Rise Against, in fact the first real store was above a shoe shop at the Tottenham Court Road end of Oxford Street. After making the shop into a success, they turned their business into a fully fledged record label, the name Virgin, according to Branson, arose from Tessa Watts, a colleague of his, when they were brainstorming business ideas. She suggested Virgin – as they were all new to business – like virgins, the original Virgin logo was designed by English artist and illustrator Roger Dean, a young naked woman in mirror image with a large long-tailed serpent and the word Virgin in Deans familiar script. A variation on the logo was used for the spin-off Caroline Records label and this was soon followed by some notable krautrock releases, including electronic breakthrough album Phaedra by Tangerine Dream, and The Faust Tapes and Faust IV by Faust. The Faust Tapes album retailed for 49p and as a result allowed this relatively unknown band to reach number 12 in the album charts, other early albums include Gongs Flying Teapot, which Daevid Allen has been quoted as having never been paid for. Under the guidance of Tessa Watts, Virgins Head of Publicity, shortly afterwards, the Notting Hill record shop was raided by police for having a window display of the Sex Pistols album Never Mind the Bollocks, Heres the Sex Pistols in the window. After modified versions of the label came the red, white and blue design introduced in 1975. The current Virgin logo was created in 1978, commissioned by Simon Draper, brian Cooke of Cooke Key Associates commissioned a graphic designer to produce a stylised signature. In 1983 Virgin purchased Charisma Records, renaming it Charisma/Virgin, then later Virgin/Charisma, before folding the label in 1986, in the process they acquired Genesis and comedy group Monty Python. The Charisma label was reactivated in the US in 1990 and enjoyed success with such as Maxi Priest, Right Said Fred,38 Special. When this Charisma label was retired in 1992, all of its artists were, as before, in 1987, Venture Records was created for new age and modern classical artists including Klaus Schulze, who had been associated with Virgin since the early 1970s. 10 Records Immortal Records Delabel Caroline Records was a label used from 1973 to 1977. The name and logo were used for some American editions of Virgin records in the 1980s and 1990s. Caroline was primarily used for independent distribution until the label was reactivated in 2013, today, Caroline Records acts as an independent label taking the place of EMI Label Services, after Virgins former parent company EMI was purchased by Universal Music Group. Front Line Records was a label for issuing Jamaican and English reggae music from 1978 to approximately 1987, a short-lived associated label, Dindisc, had Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark and The Monochrome Set during its brief existence, after which its recordings became part of Virgins catalogue. Noo Trybe Records was a hip hop label that existed from 1994 to 1999
8.
Spice Girls
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The Spice Girls are an English pop girl group formed in 1994. The group originally consisted of Melanie Brown, Melanie Chisholm, Emma Bunton, Geri Halliwell and they were signed to Virgin Records and released their debut single Wannabe in 1996, which hit number one in 37 countries and established them as a global phenomenon. Their debut album Spice sold more than 31 million copies worldwide and their follow-up album Spiceworld sold over 20 million copies worldwide. Among the highest profile acts in 1990s British popular culture, Time called them arguably the most recognisable face of Cool Britannia, the mid-1990s celebration of youth culture in the UK. The group became one of the most successful marketing engines ever, earning up to $75 million per year, under the guidance of their mentor and manager Simon Fuller, the Spice Girls embraced merchandising and became a regular feature of the British and global press. In 1996, Top of the Pops magazine gave each member of the group aliases, which were adopted by the group and media. According to Rolling Stone journalist and biographer David Sinclair, Scary, Baby, Ginger, Posh and Sporty were the most widely recognised group of individuals since John, Paul, George, with the girl power phenomenon, the Spice Girls were popular cultural icons of the 1990s. They are cited as part of the second wave 1990s British Invasion of the US, in 2016, Mel B, Emma Bunton and Geri Halliwell reunited and launched a new website called Spice Girls - GEM. In February 1994, together with financier Chic Murphy, they placed an advertisement in the trade magazine The Stage asking for singers to audition for a pop band at Danceworks studios. A week after the audition, the women were asked to attend a recall at Nomis Studios in Shepherds Bush, performing Signed, Sealed, Delivered on their own. During the session, Adams, Brown, Chisholm, Halliwell and Stephenson were selected to the band, the group moved to a house in Maidenhead, Berkshire, and spent most of 1994 training. During the first two months, they worked on demos at South Hill Park Recording Studios in Bracknell with producer/studio owner Michael Sparkes and songwriter/arranger Tim Hawes. According to Stephenson, the material the group was given was very, very pop, one of the songs they recorded, Sugar and Spice. They also worked on various dance routines at the Trinity Studios in Knaphill, near Woking, a few months into the training period, Stephenson was fired from the group and replaced with Emma Bunton. It was also during this time that Halliwell came up with the band name Spice, the group felt insecure about the lack of a contract and was frustrated by the direction in which Heart Management was steering them. In October 1994, armed with a catalogue of demos and dance routines, due to the large interest in the group, the Herberts quickly set about creating a binding contract for them. Encouraged by the reaction they had received at the Nomis showcase, all five members delayed signing contracts on the advice from, among others. In March 1995, the group parted from Heart Management due to their frustration with the unwillingness to listen to their visions
9.
Dane Bowers
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Facing the Crowd is the unreleased debut album by English singer-songwriter and former member of Another Level, Dane Bowers, under the moniker of Dane. The album was due for release in 2001, but remains commercially unreleased after he was dropped by his record label. A small number of copies pressed for distribution to media. The album spawned two UK Singles Chart top ten singles, Shut Up. and Forget About It and Another Lover. After Another Level split in 2000, Bowers wrote and fronted two UK Singles Chart top ten singles for the UK garage act True Steppers in 2000, where he was billed as Dane Bowers from Another Level. His subsequent chart success lead to a record deal, and in February 2001, Bowers released Shut Up. and Forget About It. The song peaked at #9 on the UK Singles Chart, jerry Wonder Duplessis and Wyclef Jean-produced Another Lover was released as the albums second single in June 2001, but this again stalled at number nine. Bowers was subsequently dropped from his label, and Facing the Crowd remained unreleased, Bowers subsequently went on to focus on behind the scenes work, writing and producing, including a collaboration for Victoria Beckhams debut solo album in autumn that year
10.
Out of Your Mind
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Out of Your Mind is a song by True Steppers and Dane Bowers featuring Victoria Beckham. It was Victoria Beckhams first solo single release, the single was released on August 14th 2000. The single was tipped to be number-one after a promotional campaign. Although the single was midweek #1 until Saturday, Spiller featuring Sophie Ellis-Bextors Groovejet outsold Out of Your Mind by 20,000 copies by Sunday. Although Victoria is the only Spice Girl not to have a number one. The song sold over 395,141 copies in the United Kingdom, it was certified Gold and was the 21st best seller of 2000 and these are the formats and track listings of major single releases of Out of Your Mind. UK CD Out of Your Mind –3,27 Out of Your Mind –4,12 Out of Your Mind –4,25 European 2-track CD Out of Your Mind –3,27 Out of Your Mind –4,12
11.
Victoria Beckham: Coming to America
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The programme was part factual and part a scripted spoof on documentaries such as Being Victoria Beckham and other shows featuring the Beckhams. Parts of the spoof element featured Victoria being mean to her personal assistant, while a hit in the UK, the spoof element was not grasped by the US viewers. Originally meant to serve as the pilot to a reality show. However, NBC soon cooled on the idea and unilaterally decided to move the episodes to its sister network Bravo on basic cable. In addition to NBC, the show aired the same day on CTV in Canada. It premiered on ITV in Beckhams native United Kingdom and the Nine Network in Australia on July 17,2007, official website Victoria Beckham, Coming to America at the Internet Movie Database
12.
Ugly Betty
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Ugly Betty is an American comedy-drama television series developed by Silvio Horta, which was originally broadcast on ABC between 2006 and 2010. It revolves around the character Betty Suarez who, despite her lack of style, the series is based on Fernando Gaitáns Colombian telenovela Yo soy Betty, la fea, which has had many other international adaptations. It was produced by Silent H, Ventanarosa, and Reveille Productions partnered with ABC Studios and executive produced by Salma Hayek, Silvio Horta, Ben Silverman, Jose Tamez, and Joel Fields. The pilot was filmed in New York, seasons one and two were filmed in Los Angeles and seasons three and four in New York City, during its first three seasons, it aired on Thursday nights, where it was mostly successful. However, viewership dropped significantly in the third season, particularly in the important 18–49 age group. In October 2009, the series was moved to Fridays, where it had trouble finding an audience, since the shows cancellation, it has gained a cult following. With the end of the series, there was talk of a push by Ana Ortiz and America Ferrera for an Ugly Betty movie. Two years later, on May 16,2006, ABC announced that Ugly Betty would be part of the 2006–2007 North American season lineup as a weekly hour-long series, the initial order was for 13 episodes. ABC also allowed its affiliates to show free off-air screenings to the public at various events ahead of the shows debut, in addition the network screened the debut episode on the web and made the episodes available for download on iTunes after their initial airings on January 5,2007. The encore episodes also have run on ABC Family and SOAPnet, on October 13,2006, ABC ordered a full season pick-up for the series, beyond the original 13 ordered at the May Upfronts due to its premiere ratings. ABC originally announced 22 episodes for the season 1, but increased the number of episodes by one to 23, the season finale is the episode called East Side Story. On March 21,2007, ABC renewed the series for a second season, although he joined NBC as their new entertainment head, Ben Silverman remained co-executive producer on the show, but in a limited role. In November 2007, the cast of the series made headlines when they threw their support behind the 2007 Writers Strike by joining them on the line in solidarity. On February 11,2008, ABC picked up Ugly Betty for the 2008–09 television season, unfortunately on the day the renewal was announced, two of the shows executive producers, Marco Pennette and James Hayman, were let go. The departure of Pennette and Hayman added to the constant off-camera turnovers on the series, including the exiting or firing of five writers. In a Q&A from TV Guide, Michael Ausiello criticized the decision, saying that someone saw fit to fix what wasnt broken and praised the two men for writing several of the shows best episodes. As a result of the strike, creator Silvio Horta delayed plans for a musical episode, Four days later on February 16,2008, ABC picked up Ugly Betty for the 2008–09 television season. On March 12,2008, Horta inked a two-year, seven-figure deal with ABC Studios, on April 17,2008, the shows podcast, which was usually presented in audio and hosted by stars Urie and Newton, became available on video for the first time
13.
Project Runway
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Project Runway is an American reality television series on Lifetime, previously on the Bravo network, created by Eli Holzman which focuses on fashion design and is hosted by model Heidi Klum. The contestants compete with other to create the best clothes and are restricted in time, materials. Their designs are judged, and one or more designers are eliminated each week and it won a Peabody Award in 2007 for using the television reality contest genre to engage, inform, enlighten and entertain. Project Runway uses progressive elimination to reduce the field of 12 or more fashion designers down to three or four before the final challenge. Each non-finale challenge requires the designers to develop one or more pieces of new clothing to be presented at a runway show, the challenges range in creative diversity to test the designers ingenuity while maintaining their personal fashion design aesthetic. The show took place in New York City for Seasons One through Five with designers using a workroom at The New School universitys Parsons The New School for Design and they shop for materials at a fabric store in New Yorks Garment District – unless the challenge requires otherwise. The designers live together, grouped by gender, at Atlas New York during Seasons 1–3, along with the network change to Lifetime, the location changed from New York to Los Angeles for Season 6. While on the show, the designers are prohibited from leaving the apartments without authorization, making unauthorized communication with family or friends, designers are also forbidden to bring pattern books or similar how-to materials with them during the show, or risk being disqualified from the competition. The designers are given a stipend to select and purchase fabric and notions. Often, the designers work independently, although on some challenges, once the deadline is reached, the designers must dress their models and select their hair, make-up, and accessories. Each contestant does a voice-over while the model is walking down the runway, the panel then announces the winning and losing designers based on their scores and other considerations. Typically, the winner receives immunity for the challenge. As the season progresses, immunity is disregarded during later challenges to prevent the designers from getting a pass to make it into the final round. Thus, elimination from the show is called being aufd—a play on words as it can be interpreted as offed. After the final challenge, the three designers are then told to prepare a complete fashion collection of twelve looks to be presented at New York Fashion Week in Bryant Park. The finalists are given 12 weeks and $8000 for this task, while some construction work can be outsourced, the majority of the garments must be created by the designers themselves. Their receipts are also handed over to the producers of the show to determine if they went over budget or had outsourcing done as favors, both of which are against the rules. If rules are violated, they may be forced to eliminate a crucial factor in their presentation, or the judging panel might lower their scoring
14.
Germany's Next Topmodel
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Germanys Next Topmodel is a German reality television series, based on a concept that was introduced by Tyra Banks with Americas Next Top Model. The competition is hosted by Heidi Klum and she also serves as the lead judge and executive producer of the show. Each yearly search of Germanys Next Topmodel has 10 to 17 episodes, each episode, one Makeovers are administered to contestants early in the competition. The panel challenge in front of the judges on Americas Next Top Model is almost always replaced by a walk in front of the judges on the German show. In the elimination process on Americas Next Top Model, host Tyra Banks hands out a photograph to each of the contestants who are safe, the bottom two of each episode are called to stand before Banks and are judged individually. Moreover, they are called out one by one while the others are waiting in the backstage lobby, the US contestants are all present. GNTM also starts the finale with 3 or 4 contestants left, in ANTM, the finale starts with 2 or 3 contestants left and takes 1h. On Americas Next Top Model, the two or three contestants compete in a runway, and the winner is chosen in the judging room. On Germanys Next Topmodel, the three or four contestants compete in a runway and a photo shoot in front of live audience in Cologne. The final show is live on TV, Cycle 4 final show was the first to air live from a concert hall instead of a TV studio. Due to the pregnancy of Heidi Klum, the start of the season was postponed. Instead a spin-off called Die Model WG was shown featuring several former contestants from the show, only Heidi Klum herself has been part of the judging panel on every cycle. All the other permanent judges have always been male, thomas Hayo remained a permanent judge the longest, followed by Peyman Amin. After leaving the show, Amin eventually hosted the shows spin-off, Die Model WG, and although Boris Entrup only was a regular judge on cycle two, he still is part of the show as the make up advisor for the girls. Since Cycle 5, the ratings decreased. In an attempt to increase the ratings, the format is increasingly focusing on conflicts between contestants, in 2009, German model Julia Stegner said that Germanys Next Topmodel had little to do with the reality of modelling. In 2011, cycle 5 winner Alisar Ailabouni withdrew from her contract with ONEeins Management and this was first time a winner of the show sued her way out of a prize contract. Ailabouni was not invited to cycle 6s live finale, while several ProSieben-related magazines referred to cycle 4 winner Sara Nuru as last years winner, given she was working as a backstage host
15.
American Idol (season 9)
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The ninth season of American Idol premiered on January 12,2010 and concluded on May 26,2010 on Fox. Simon Cowell, Randy Jackson and Kara DioGuardi returned to the judging panel, ellen DeGeneres joined the panel as a replacement for Paula Abdul after guest judges filled in during the auditions. Idol Gives Back also returned for the season and was held on April 21,2010, the top 24 semi-finals format used in the fourth through seventh seasons also returned this season. Cowell, DioGuardi and DeGeneres all left the show after this season ended and this was the second season where neither of the final 2 contestants had been in the bottom 2 or 3 prior to the finale, with the first being the seventh season. This was also the third season a male contestant had won. Lee DeWyze, a rocker from Mount Prospect, Illinois won the competition. Eight contestants from this season were signed to record labels, the signed artists are Lee DeWyze, Crystal Bowersox, Casey James, Michael Lynche, Siobhan Magnus, Tim Urban, Didi Benami, and Lacey Brown. After the season began, Paula Abdul did not return to the judging panel, having announced in the beginning of August 2009 that she was leaving the show due to unresolved contract negotiations. Victoria Beckham, Mary J. Blige, Shania Twain, Katy Perry, Avril Lavigne, Joe Jonas, Neil Patrick Harris, there was no guest judge on day two of the Orlando auditions because day one guest judge Chenoweth was called back to New York City. Therefore, Simon Cowell, Kara DioGuardi and Randy Jackson appeared with three judges on the audition panel similar to the main panel from the first to the seventh season. In addition, Simon Cowell announced shortly before the season began that it would be his last season on American Idol. Cowell left the show to begin preparations for an American version of his talent show The X-Factor, also, DeGeneres announced on July 29,2010 that she would not return to the judging panel because it was not the right fit for her. DioGuardi would also not return as a judge for the season as announced on September 3,2010. After her departure, DioGuardi helped and nominated Steven Tyler for a role as a judge on season ten to shows producers, auditions had begun on June 14 of the previous year, less than a month after previous seasons finale. Auditions were held in the cities, During this stage guest judges filled in the fourth judging seat. Beckham was the first guest judge, appearing for the Denver, Blige served as a guest judge for the Atlanta auditions. Jonas filled the guest judging role on the first day of the Dallas auditions, Chenoweth served as a guest judge on the first day of the Orlando auditions and Twain judged in Chicago. Perry judged on the first day of the Los Angeles and was replaced by Lavigne the following day, during the Atlanta auditions, 62-year-old activist Larry Platt appeared and performed his original song Pants on the Ground
16.
The Daily Telegraph
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It was founded by Arthur B. Sleigh in 1855 as The Daily Telegraph and Courier, the papers motto, Was, is, and will be, appears in the editorial pages and has featured in every edition of the newspaper since April 19,1858. The paper had a circulation of 460,054 in December 2016 and its sister paper, The Sunday Telegraph, which started in 1961, had a circulation of 359,287 as of December 2016. The Daily Telegraph has the largest circulation for a newspaper in the UK. The two sister newspapers are run separately, with different editorial staff, but there is cross-usage of stories, articles published in either may be published on the Telegraph Media Groups www. telegraph. co. uk website, under the title of The Telegraph. However, critics, including an editor, accuse it of being unduly influenced by advertisers. The Daily Telegraph and Courier was founded by Colonel Arthur B, Sleigh in June 1855 to air a personal grievance against the future commander-in-chief of the British Army, Prince George, Duke of Cambridge. Joseph Moses Levy, the owner of The Sunday Times, agreed to print the newspaper, the paper cost 2d and was four pages long. Nevertheless, the first edition stressed the quality and independence of its articles and journalists, however, the paper was not a success, and Sleigh was unable to pay Levy the printing bill. Levy took over the newspaper, his aim being to produce a newspaper than his main competitors in London. The same principle should apply to all other events—to fashion, to new inventions, in 1876, Jules Verne published his novel Michael Strogoff, whose plot takes place during a fictional uprising and war in Siberia. In 1937, the newspaper absorbed The Morning Post, which espoused a conservative position. Originally William Ewart Berry, 1st Viscount Camrose, bought The Morning Post with the intention of publishing it alongside The Daily Telegraph, for some years the paper was retitled The Daily Telegraph and Morning Post before it reverted to just The Daily Telegraph. As an result, Gordon Lennox was monitored by MI5, in 1939, The Telegraph published Clare Hollingworths scoop that Germany was to invade Poland. In November 1940, with Fleet Street subjected to almost daily bombing raids by the Luftwaffe, The Telegraph started printing in Manchester at Kemsley House, Manchester quite often printed the entire run of The Telegraph when its Fleet Street offices were under threat. The name Kemsley House was changed to Thomson House in 1959, in 1986 printing of Northern editions of the Daily and Sunday Telegraph moved to Trafford Park and in 2008 to Newsprinters at Knowsley, Liverpool. During the Second World War, The Daily Telegraph covertly helped in the recruitment of code-breakers for Bletchley Park, the ability to solve The Telegraphs crossword in under 12 minutes was considered to be a recruitment test. The competition itself was won by F. H. W. Hawes of Dagenham who finished the crossword in less than eight minutes, both the Camrose and Burnham families remained involved in management until Conrad Black took control in 1986
17.
WAGs
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WAGs is an acronym used to refer to Wives And Girlfriends of high-profile professional athletes. The term may also be used in the form, WAG. The term was first used by the British tabloid press to refer to the wives and girlfriends of high-profile footballers and it came into common use during the 2006 FIFA World Cup, although the term had been used occasionally before that. The acronym has since used by the media in other countries to describe the female partners of sportsperson in general. It is popular belief that the first recorded use of the term WAG was in 2002, It was never guaranteed that the wives, mrs Beckhams tongue, for one thing, has previously run away with itself. Susie Dents annual Language Report for the Oxford University Press capitalised the entire acronym as WAG. the epitome of a Wag, fashion writer Shane Watson coined a collective noun, waggery. One can also be Wagged This type of acronym is of long standing in British English, for example, during the Second World War, a series of County War Agricultural Executive Committees or CWAECs was known widely as War Ags. During the 2006 World Cup the press gave increasing coverage to the socialising and shopping activities of the English WAGs and it was frequently suggested that Englands exit from the tournament in the quarterfinals was a result of such distractions. There are many celebrities who are also considered WAGs, by marrying or dating a notable athlete. Some famous WAGs include La La Anthony, Victoria Beckham, Gisele Bündchen, Ciara, Keshia Chante, Ayesha Curry, Hilary Duff, Khloe Kardashian, Carrie Underwood, the WAGs activities did however provide a benchmark of sorts. Leo Beckett, husband of British Foreign Secretary Margaret Beckett was described as the equivalent of a WAG because of the extent to which he accompanied his wife on official business. Fashion writers of 2006 identified certain consequences of what Lisa Armstrong described as WAG fall-out, however, some women did aspire to the WAG look. Mrs Rooney noted that more and more women are getting into debt because they try to shop. If I heard of doing that, Id tell them to get a grip. I saw this phenomenon en masse, among other features, Knight identified enough pink glitter to satisfy the girliest of five-year-olds, massive handbags and huge designer sunglasses. Far from using dark glasses to encourage others to them alone, treat them as a weapon to attract. Interest in the partners of footballers dates back at least to the late 1950s when the long-serving England captain Billy Wright married the singer Joy Beverley, by the late 1960s, then-captain Bobby Moore and his first wife Tina had become regarded as a stylish and golden couple. By contrast, during the 1966 World Cup, their wives drove themselves to Wembley, interest in such partnerships scaled new heights in the late 1990s and early 21st century with the marriage of David Beckham to singer Victoria Adams of the Spice Girls
18.
Goffs Oak
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Goffs Oak is a large village in the borough of Broxbourne in Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom. It is situated between Cuffley and Cheshunt, just north of the M25 motorway in a more rural section of the London commuter belt. The village is named after the Goff family, who owned much of the land in the area and its replacement fell itself in 1987 after severe damage during the storm of 1987. The village centre is marked by a War Memorial which was unveiled on 20 December 1920 and it is inscribed with the names of 32 men from the village who were killed in the First World War. A further three names were added following the Second World War, the houses north-east of the memorial were originally the police station. Next to the station was a civil defence siren which was regularly tested through the 1960s. The siren could be heard across the village area. Goffs Oak has been used as a film location, in the 1970s, Timeslip, a popular childrens science fiction series, was filmed at Burnt Farm Army Camp in Silver Street. Gerry Andersons, The Protectors, filmed in the 1970s and starring Robert Vaughn also used the army camp as a location. Goffs Oak has a number of schools including Goffs Oak and Woodside, there are a number of Pre-Schools including Goffs Oak Pre-School located in Goffs Oak Village Hall. The original Goffs Oak Methodist Church was built in 1868, but was replaced by a building in the 1970s. It is situated in Newgatestreet Road, close to the War Memorial, a number of celebrities, including Victoria Beckham and Fenerbache striker Robin Van Persie, have lived in or around the village. The tennis player Richard Lewis lived in Jones Road, Goffs Oak and he went on to represent Great Britain in the Davis Cup, and is now Chair of SportEngland. In April 2012, Richard Lewis was appointed Chief Executive Officer at the All England Tennis Club, the former Glamorgan wicketkeeper Colin Metson, now Community and Cricket Development Manager of Glamorgan County Cricket Club, was born in the village in 1963. The nearest railway stations to Goffs Oak are Cuffley and Cheshunt, Goffs Oaks page at the Borough of Broxbournes website Cuffley Online — Village Website
19.
Fame (1980 film)
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Fame is a 1980 American teen musical drama film directed by Alan Parker, and written by Christopher Gore. The film follows a group of students during their studies at the High School of Performing Arts in New York City, from their auditions to their freshman, sophomore, junior and senior years. Producer David De Silva conceived the idea in 1976 and commissioned Gore to begin work on a script that would depict the lives of students attending the High School of Performing Arts. The script became the subject of a war among a host of established film studios before it was sold to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. After the release of his previous film Midnight Express, Parker signed on to direct the film and rewrote the script with Gore, aiming for a more dramatic, principal photography commenced in July 1979 and concluded after 91 days, with a budget of $8.5 million. The film was shot on location in New York City, MGM gave Fame a platform release which involved releasing the film in select cities, before expanding distribution in the following weeks. While it received mixed reviews from film critics, Fame was a box office success. The film received awards and nominations, it was nominated for six Academy Awards. The success of the film spawned a media franchise encompassing several television series, stage musicals, and a remake that was released in 2009. Auditions In New York City, a group of teenagers audition to study at the High School of Performing Arts, where they are sorted into three different departments, Drama, Music and Dance. Accepted in the Drama department are Montgomery MacNeil, a homosexual, Doris Finsecker, a shy Jewish girl, and Ralph Garci. In the Music department, Bruno Martelli is an aspiring keyboardist whose electronic equipment horrifies Mr. Shorofsky, Lisa Monroe is accepted in the Dance department, despite having no interest in the subject. Coco Hernandez is accepted in all three departments because of her all-around talent, Leroy Johnson goes to the school, performing as part of a dance routine for an auditioning friend, but the dance teachers are more impressed by his talents than hers. Freshman year The students learn during their first day of classes that academics are weighed equally with performance, Doris, overwhelmed by the energy and spontaneity in the lunchroom, flees and meets Montgomery. As the year progresses, Coco tries to convince Bruno to book performing gigs with her, Doris befriends Montgomery, but worries that she is too ordinary against the colorful personalities of the other students. Leroy and his English teacher, Mrs. Sherwood, clash over his refusal to do homework and it is later revealed that Leroy is illiterate and ashamed to admit it. Bruno and his father argue over Brunos reluctance to play his music publicly. Miss Berg, the schools Dance teacher, warns Lisa that she is not working hard enough, Michael, a graduating senior, wins a prestigious scholarship and tells Doris that the William Morris Agency wants to send him out for auditions for television pilots
20.
Laine Theatre Arts
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Laine Theatre Arts, commonly known as Laines, is an independent performing arts college, based in the town of Epsom in Surrey, England. The college was founded in 1974 by former professional dancer and dance teacher Betty Laine, and developed from an earlier school and it provides specialist vocational training in dance and musical theatre. The college prepares students for a career in the performing arts. The college is accredited by the Council for Dance Education and Training and it offers Qualifications, key areas of study include singing, acting and dancing. It was rated Good by Ofsted in 2010, commonly referred to as Laines, Laine Theatre Arts provides specialist vocational training at further education level in dance and musical theatre. Key areas of study include ballet, tap, jazz and contemporary dance, singing, the college is also accredited to the Council for Dance Education and Training. Many student places at the college are funded by the British Government through the Dance, the college is also an approved centre of the Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing. Students have the opportunity to gain nationally recognised dance teaching qualifications with the organisation, in ballet, tap, the college stages an annual production at the local Epsom Playhouse theatre. Laine also offers outstanding training for children and young people in a range of theatre based classes. These pupils are nurtured by a dynamic, specialist faculty, all of work to encourage competency through confidence. The College has recently built new studios and now offer evening adult dance and musical theatre classes, for both beginners and the already initiated
21.
Epsom
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Epsom is a market town in Surrey, England,13.6 miles south south-west of London, located between Ashtead and Ewell. The town straddles chalk downland and the upper Thanet Formation, Epsom Downs Racecourse holds The Derby, now a generic name for sports competitions in English-speaking countries. The town also gives its name to Epsom salts, extracted from mineral waters there, Epsom is the source of the Hogsmill River and includes the semi-rural Horton and Langley Vale. Epsom lies within the Copthorne Hundred used for periodic, strategic meetings of the wealthy and powerful in Anglo-Saxon England, the name of Epsom is early recorded as forms of Ebbas ham. Many Spring line settlements by springs in Anglo-Saxon England were founded at the foot of dry valleys such as here and Effingham, Bookham, Cheam, Sutton, Carshalton, Croydon, a relic from this period is a 7th-century brooch found in Epsom and now in the British Museum. Epsom appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Evesham, held by Chertsey Abbey. Its domesday assets were,11 hides,2 churches,2 mills worth 10 shillings,18 ploughs,24 acres of meadow, woodland worth 20 hogs, altogether it rendered £17 per year to its overlords. The town at the time of Domesday Book had 38 households, at various dates in the Middle Ages, manors were founded by subinfeudation at Epsom Court, Horton, Woodcote, Brettgrave and Langley Vale. Under Henry VIII and Queen Mary the manor passed to the Carew then related Darcy families and it passed via the Mynne, Buckle and Parkhurst families to Sir Charles Kemys Tynte and after his death to Sir Joseph Mawbey. By the end of the Georgian period, Epsom was known as a spa town, remnants of this are its water pump and multiple exhibits in the towns museum. There were entertainments at the Assembly Rooms, a green-buffered housing estate has now been built upon the wells in the south-west of the town. Epsom salts are named after the town, Epsom salt was originally prepared by boiling down mineral waters which sprung at Epsom. The towns market is built on the pond that existed in the Middle Ages, within the centuries-old boundaries is Epsom Downs Racecourse which features two of the five English Classic horse races, The Derby and The Oaks, which were first run in 1780 and 1779 respectively. On 4 June 1913, Emily Davison, a militant womens suffrage activist, stepped in front of King George Vs horse running in the Derby, sustaining fatal injuries. Lord Rosebery remained closely associated with the town throughout his life, leaving land to the borough, commemorated in the names of roads, Rosebery Park. A house was named after him at Epsom College, one of Britains public schools in Epsom. A bell was added in 1867, by 1902 the lions had been replaced by lanterns, and the toilet buildings added either side of the tower. The Epsom Playhouse was opened in 1984 and is run by Epsom, the Ashley Centre, a shopping mall, was built in the early 1980s and subsequently parts of the high street were pedestrianised as part of the construction of the towns one-way system
22.
Cheshunt
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Cheshunt /ˈtʃɛzənt/ is a town in the metropolitan area of London, the Greater London Urban Area and the Borough of Broxbourne, the most southeasterly borough in the county of Hertfordshire. It is north of central London by 12 miles and has a population of around 52,000 according to the United Kingdoms 2001 Census, the Prime Meridian passes to the east of Cheshunt. This is commemorated in the arms of the former Cheshunt urban district council, Cheshunt was a settlement on Ermine Street, the main Roman road leading north from London. This origin was investigated by the archaeology programme Time Team. Before the Norman Conquest, the manor of Cheshunt was held by Eddeva the Fair, the parish church of St Mary the Virgin was first recorded in a charter of 1146, but was entirely rebuilt between 1418 and 1448 with a three-stage tower topped by an octagonal turret. As Princess Elizabeth, Queen Elizabeth I lived at Cheshunt in the care of Sir Anthony Denny, Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth, died here in 1712. In 1825, Cheshunt was also the location of the Cheshunt Railway, the towns Bury Green neighbourhood was once the home of singer Cliff Richard. Lotus Cars as well as the nationally famous Debenhams were also founded in Cheshunt, and the headquarters of Tesco, in 2002, Cheshunt hosted the only officially licensed European BotCon convention to date. Services in Cheshunt include the Brookfield Centre, which includes Next, Boots, Argos, River Island and Marks & Spencer stores, there is a Marriott Hotel nearby, and the town centre includes a wide variety of smaller shops. Being located in the Lea Valley, Cheshunt has access to the Lee Valley Park, the park is accessible at many points, one being extremely close to the towns railway station at Windmill Lane. The B198 which runs near the site has been renamed Lieutenant Ellis Way, after the pilot. One of the firemen who attended the scene secured funding in 2010 for a permanent memorial at the scene, up until 2004, Temple Bar stood in Theobalds Park, having been moved from London at the turn of the 19th century. The gateway has since been re-erected in London at Paternoster Square on the side of St Pauls Cathedral. The park received a Green Flag award in 2013, cheshunts best-known employer is Tesco, whose head office has been in Cheshunt for many years. A small store has been in the centre for many years and is still open today. In 1983 a new out-of-town Tesco store located to the north of the opened, named Brookfield Farm. It later expanded, and a branch of Marks & Spencer built next door, on 8 January 2015, Tesco announced among other major cost cutting measures that its headquarters were to move from Cheshunt to Welwyn Garden City. In 1959, Colin Chapman moved his fledgling Lotus group of companies, including Lotus Cars and Team Lotus, racing cars from here won the first two of its seven constructor championships in before moving to Hethel, Norfolk, in 1966
23.
Rolls-Royce (car)
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Vickers plc owned Rolls-Royce Motors between 1980 and 1998. Volkswagen AG acquired Rolls-Royce Motors in 1998 and renamed the firm Bentley Motors Limited in 2003, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, a subsidiary of BMW AG established in 1998 that began production of vehicles in 2003. The Bentley Continental coupés did not have Rolls-Royce equivalents, Rolls-Royce Phantom limousines were also produced. Rolls-Royce and Bentley Photos, Reports and Books
24.
London Fashion Week
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London Fashion Week is a clothing trade show held in London twice each year, in February and September. It is one of the Big Four fashion weeks, along with the New York, Milan, organised by the British Fashion Council for the London Development Agency with help from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, London Fashion Week first took place in October 1983. It currently ranks alongside New York, Paris and Milan as one of the Big Four fashion weeks and it presents itself to funders as a trade event that also attracts significant press attention and benefit to taxpayers. Currently, it is sponsored by Mercedes-Benz, and Toni & Guy and it states that it is attended by over 5,000 press and buyers, and has estimated orders of £40 million or £100 million. A retail-focused event, London Fashion Weekend, takes place immediately afterwards at the venue and is open to the general public. However, many events, such as Vauxhall Fashion Scout and On|Off, are organised by other private-funded groups. London is the first city to host Fashion Week in the World, in Summer 2012, London introduced London Collections, Men, in addition to the collections shows in spring / summer and autumn / winter. Since its first instalment, the showcase has grown by 67%, feeric Fashion Week Berlin Fashion Week Shanghai Fashion Week Milan Fashion Week New York Fashion Week Paris Fashion Week São Paulo Fashion Week London Fashion Events Official website
25.
Dolce & Gabbana
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Dolce & Gabbana is a luxury Italian fashion house founded in 1985 in Legnano by Italian designers Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana. The two met in Milan in 1980 and designed for the fashion house. In 1982 they established a designer consulting studio, in time it grew to become Dolce & Gabbana and they presented their first womens collection in 1985 in Milan, where a year later their store would open its doors. In 1988, they launched their line, and in 1989 they began designing underwear. Dolce & Gabbana started to export their products to Japan and other countries like the U. S. where they founded their own showroom in 1990, in 1992, the same year they presented their mens collection, they also launched their first perfume Dolce & Gabbana. They won the Woolmark award in 1991, and the prize most feminine flavor of the year in 1993, towards the end of the 1990s their sales were around 500 million dollars and in 2003 their revenue reached $633 million. By 2005, their turnover was €600 million, Domenico Dolce began his career in the fashion industry after dropping out of a three-year course in fashion design at Marangoni Institute, believing that he knew everything the school had to teach. His dream was to work for Giorgio Armani so one day, inside the door, there was a long white carpet leading to the receptionists desk. Dolce was not sure if he should walk on it with his shoes on, I am such a cretino, he says. He decided that he would look ridiculous appearing at the front desk without shoes, so he approached by sidling along the wall and he handed the book to the receptionist and to this day, Dolce does not know if Armani ever saw the sketches. Dolce found a job as an assistant to a designer named Giorgio Correggiari, One night at a club, he met a young man named Stefano Gabbana. Dolce was impressed with Gabbanas good looks and outgoing personality and Gabbana was happy to hear Dolces advice on how to approach Correggiari for a job. Correggiari ended up hiring Gabbana to work on sportswear, and Dolce taught him how to sketch and the basics of tailoring, Dolce, We always filed two different invoices for the freelance work we did, even when we were working for the same client. Gabbana, Our accountant said, Why not just do one invoice for both of you, put Dolce and Gabbana at the top. So the brand was born, the brainchild of a Milanese bookkeeper, the first collection from the design duo was shown in October 1985 alongside five other up-and-coming Italian labels as part of Milan Fashion Week. The two did not have money to hire models or provide accessories for them, so they sought help from their friends. The models simply wore their personal items to complement the clothing and they used a bed sheet that Dolce had brought from home as their stage curtain. The pair labeled their first collection Real Women, due in part to the use of local women on the runway
26.
Rocawear
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Rocawear is an American clothing retailer based in New York. It was created in 1999 by Roc-A-Fella Records co-founders Damon Dash and Jay-Z, r&B singer Ciara signed to be the new face of Rocawear in 2007 for the I Will Not Lose campaign. Chris Brown, Memphis rap collective Three 6 Mafia, radio personality Ebro Darden, Toccara, in March 2007, Jay-Z sold the rights to the Rocawear brand to Iconix Brand Group for $204 million. Jay-Z will retain his stake in the company and will continue to oversee the marketing, licensing, in March 2009, Rocawear launched its first social networking site, offering style news, music, fashion, and cultural connections. In August 2011, Jay-Z confirmed via Twitter that Rocawear had partnered with Pharrell Williams clothing label, in 2012, Rocawear was a €490 million clothing business
27.
Rock and Republic
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Rock & Republic is an American jeans brand founded by Michael Ball in 2002. Ball is a cyclist who gained experience by creating his cycling teams uniforms. Rock & Republics line of jeans and casual wear VB Rocks is designed by singer Victoria Beckham, from 2007 to 2009, the company sponsored a professional cycling team named Rock Racing. On April 1,2010, Rock & Republic filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, by December 2010, the company had entered into negotiations with VF Corporation to sell the trademark and intellectual property
28.
Roberto Cavalli
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Roberto Cavalli is an Italian fashion designer and inventor. He is known for prints and for creating the sand-blasted look for jeans. He is also the founder of the high-end Italian fashion house Roberto Cavalli which sells clothing, perfume. Roberto Cavalli was born in Florence, Tuscany and his grandfather, Giuseppe Rossi, was an artist and a member of the Macchiaioli Movement, whose work is exhibited in the Uffizi Gallery. Cavalli enrolled at the local Art Institute, concentrating in textile print, while still a student, he made a series of flower prints on knit that caught the attention of major Italian hosiery factories. In the early 1970s, he invented and patented a printing procedure on leather and he debuted these techniques in Paris, immediately getting commissions from the likes of Hermès and Pierre Cardin. At age 32, he presented his first namesake collection at the Salon for Prêt-à-Porter in Paris. He brought it to the catwalks of the Sala Bianca of Palazzo Pitti in Florence, and later on those of Milano Collezioni, jeans made of printed denim, intarsia leathers, brocade and he then opened his first boutique in 1972 in Saint-Tropez. In 1980, Roberto Cavalli married Eva Düringer, in Milan in 1994, Cavalli presented the first sand-blasted jeans. By December of the year, he had opened boutiques in Saint Barth, in the French Caribbean, followed by others in Venice. There is also the Angels & Devils Children Collection, the Class line, in 2002, Cavalli opened his first café-store in Florence, revamping it with his signature animal prints. This was shortly followed by the opening in Milan of the Just Cavalli café at Torre Branca, Roberto Cavalli was a judge at the Miss Universe 1977 pageant where his future wife was a contestant, who represented Austria and won second place. The woman that won was the first Black Miss Universe, in July 2011, his company collection was presented at the catwalk of The Brandery fashion show in Barcelona. Cavalli has five children, Tommaso and Christiana from his first marriage, and Robert, Rachele, on June 18,2013, he was awarded an Honorary Master Diploma in Fashion Management from Domus Academy in Milan, during a ceremony after which he held a lectio magistralis. Many leading models have worked for the brand, Jessica Stam, Eva Riccobono, Laetitia Casta, Natasha Poly, Mariacarla Boscono, Karen Elson, Karolina Kurkova and Ivan Olita amongst others. In May 2014, Cavalli approached Investcorp, an investment firm in the Persian Gulf, Cavalli was sharply criticized in 2004 by the Hindu community for marketing a line of feminine underwear which featured the images of Hindu goddesses. The line was withdrawn and formal apologies were made. The Maktab Tarighat Oveyssi Shahmaghsoudi school of Islamic Sufism accused Cavalli of copying their sacred emblem for branding the Just Cavalli line, the Sufi school brought forth a proceeding in Europe to the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market
29.
Harper's Bazaar
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Harpers Bazaar is an American womens fashion magazine, first published in 1867. Harpers Bazaar is published by Hearst and, as a magazine, considers itself to be the resource for women who are the first to buy the best. Writers Alice Meynell, Daisy Fellowes, Gloria Guinness, and Eleanor Hoyt Brainerd, when Harpers Bazaar began publication, it was a weekly magazine catering to women in the middle and upper classes. It showcased fashion from Germany and Paris in a newspaper-design format and it was not until 1901 that Harpers moved to a monthly issued magazine which it maintains today. Now Harpers Bazaar is owned and operated by the Hearst Corporation in the U. S. harper & Brothers founded the magazine. This company also gave birth to Harpers Magazine and HarperCollins Publishing, glenda Bailey is the editor-in-chief of U. S. edition of Harpers Bazaar. As the turn-of-the-century began in America, Harpers Bazaar began featuring both illustrations and photographs for its covers and inside features of society and increasingly of fashion. During the late Victorian period, as the suffrage movement was gaining momentum. Bazaar also began profiling prominent socialites, such as the Astors, in 1933, editor-in-chief Carmel Snow brought photojournalist Martin Munkacsi to a windswept beach to shoot a swimwear spread. As the model ran toward the camera, Munkacsi took the picture that made fashion-magazine history, until that moment, nearly all fashion was carefully staged on mannequin-like models in a studio. Snows buoyant spirit and wicked sense of adventure brought life to the pages of Bazaar, Snows genius came from cultivating the best people. Her first big find was art director Alexey Brodovitch, who innovated Bazaars iconic Didot logo, Snow also unleashed the force of nature known as Diana Vreeland, whom she brought on as fashion editor in 1936. The collaboration of these four visionaries resulted in some of the germane fashion shoots of the 20th century and ended only with Snows retirement, at the age of 70, throughout his career at the magazine, Brodovitch, a Russian émigré, revolutionized magazine design. With his directive Astonish me, he inspired some of the greatest visual artists of the 20th century, one of his assistants was future Rolling Stone art director Tony Lane. Sadly, Brodovitchs personal life was less triumphant, plagued by alcoholism, he left Bazaar in 1958 and eventually moved to the south of France, where he died in 1971. Diana, who is said to have invented the word pizzazz, before long, she became fashion editor, collaborating with photographers Louise Dahl-Wolfe and Richard Avedon and, later, art director Henry Wolf. Her eccentricity, perception and wit, as well as her sharp wit and sweeping pronouncements, were memorialized in the movie Funny Face, making her, for many, Richard Avedon began creating fashion portfolios for Harpers Bazaar at the age of 22. His distinctive photographs showed both chic insouciance and boundless vitality, avedons women leapt off curbs, roller-skated on the Place de la Concorde, and were seen in nightclubs, enjoying the freedom and fashions of the postwar era
30.
Katie Holmes
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Kate Noelle Katie Holmes is an American actress, model, and filmmaker who first achieved fame for her role as Joey Potter on The WB television teen drama Dawsons Creek from 1998 to 2003. She appeared in 1998s Disturbing Behavior, a thriller, which won her an MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance, in 2000 Holmes featured in Wonder Boys which got positive attention from many leading critics. Holmes had a role in 2003s Pieces of April, a gritty comedy about a dysfunctional family on Thanksgiving. In the 2005 film Batman Begins, the most successful film of her career to date, she played Rachel Dawes, Gotham Citys assistant district attorney and Bruce Waynes childhood sweetheart. She also appeared in art films such as The Ice Storm, horror films such as Dont Be Afraid of the Dark. She has also played on Broadway in a production of Arthur Millers All My Sons and had numerous guest roles on programs such as How I Met Your Mother. In 2011, she starred as Jacqueline Kennedy in the The Kennedys miniseries and her marriage to actor Tom Cruise from 2006 to 2012 led to a great deal of media attention, with the pair being called a supercouple and given the nickname TomKat. Holmes was born in Toledo, Ohio and she is the youngest of five children born to Kathleen, a homemaker and philanthropist, and Martin Joseph Holmes, Sr. an attorney. She has three sisters and one brother, Holmes was baptized a Roman Catholic and attended Christ the King Church in Toledo. She graduated from the all-female Notre Dame Academy in Toledo, where she was a 4.0 student. At St. Johns Jesuit and St. Francis de Sales, nearby high schools, Holmes appeared in school musicals, playing a waitress in Hello, Dolly. She scored 1310 out of 1600 on her SAT and was accepted to Columbia University, at age 14, she began classes at a modeling school in Toledo which led her to the International Modeling and Talent Association Competition held in New York City in 1996. Eventually, Holmes was signed to an agent after performing a monologue from To Kill a Mockingbird, in January 1997, Holmes went to Los Angeles for pilot season, when producers cast and shoot new programs in the hopes of securing a spot on a network schedule. The Toledo Blade reported she was offered the lead in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, I was doing my school play, Damn Yankees. I even got to wear the feather boa, I thought, There is no way Im not playing Lola to go audition for some network. I couldnt let my school down and we had already sold a lot of tickets. So I told Kevin and The WB, Im sorry, I just cant meet with you this week. The producers permitted her to audition on videotape, Holmes read for the part of Joey Potter, the tomboy best friend of the title character Dawson, on a videotape shot in her basement, her mother reading Dawsons lines
31.
Saks Fifth Avenue
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Saks Fifth Avenue is an American luxury department store owned by the oldest commercial corporation in North America, the Hudsons Bay Company. Its main flagship store is located on Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, Saks Fifth Avenue is the successor of a business founded by Andrew Saks in 1867 and incorporated in New York in 1902 as Saks & Company. Saks died in 1912, and in 1923 Saks & Co. merged with Gimbel Brothers, Inc. which was owned by a cousin of Horace Saks, Bernard Gimbel, operating as a separate autonomous subsidiary. On September 15,1924, Horace Saks and Bernard Gimbel opened Saks Fifth Avenue in New York City, with a full-block avenue frontage south of St Patricks Cathedral, facing Rockefeller Center. The architects were Starrett & van Vleck, who developed a reticent, the first full-line year-round Saks store opened in Chicago, in 1929, followed by another resort store in Miami Beach, Florida. In 1938, Saks expanded to the West Coast, opening in Beverly Hills, by the end of the 1930s, Saks Fifth Avenue had a total of 10 stores, including resort locations such as Sun Valley, Idaho, Mount Stowe, and Newport, Rhode Island. More full-line stores followed with Detroit, Michigan, in 1940 and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in Downtown Pittsburgh, the company moved to its own freestanding location approximately one block from its former home on the fourth floor in the downtown Gimbels flagship. The San Francisco location opened in 1952, competing locally with I, BATUS Inc. acquired Gimbel Bros. Inc. and its Saks Fifth Avenue subsidiary in 1973 as part of its diversification strategy. More expansion followed from the 1960s through the 1990s including the Midwest, in 1990, BATUS sold Saks to Investcorp S. A. which took Saks public in 1996 as Saks Holdings, Inc. In 1990, Saks Off 5th was launched, an outlet store offshoot of the main brand, in 1998, Proffitts, Inc. the parent company of Proffitts and other department stores, acquired Saks Holdings Inc. Upon completing the acquisition, Proffitts, Inc. changed its name to Saks, since 2000 Saks has opened international locations in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kazakhstan, and Mexico City. In August 2007, the United States Postal Service began an experimental program selling the plus zip code extension to businesses, the first company to do so was Saks Fifth Avenue, which received the zip code of 10022-SHOE for the eighth-floor shoe department in its flagship Fifth Avenue store. During the 2007-2009 recession, Saks Fifth Avenue had to some stores and to cut prices and profit margins. It took three years before it could start selling at closer to full price, on July 29,2013, the Hudsons Bay Company, owner of the competing chain Lord & Taylor, announced it would acquire Saks Fifth Avenues parent company for US$2.9 billion. Plans called for up to seven Saks Fifth Avenues to open in major Canadian markets, the store opened in February 2016 with a second Toronto area location in the Sherway Gardens shopping center opening in spring 2016. On January 6,2014, Marigay McKee, previously Chief Merchant at Harrods and she stepped down 15 months later on April 2,2015, and was replaced by Marc Metrick, a former executive at Saks’s parent company, Hudson’s Bay. Starting in 2015 Saks began a million, three-year restoration of its Fifth Avenue flagship store. In the summer of 2015, it was announced that Saks will debut a new location in Greenwich, in the fall of 2015, Saks was planning to replace its existing store at the Houston Galleria with a new store
32.
Glenda Bailey
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Glenda Adrianne Bailey OBE is the editor-in-chief of Harper’s Bazaar, a monthly fashion magazine published by the Hearst Corporation. She was appointed to position in May 2001. Bailey was born in Derbyshire, England and she earned a degree in fashion design from Kingston University. Before establishing herself in publishing, she produced a collection for Guisi Slaverio in Italy in 1983, Bailey served as editor of Honey in 1986. She also launched FOLIO, a fashion magazine. In 1988 she was appointed editor of the British edition of Marie Claire. Marie Claire earned her three Magazine Editor of the Year Awards, five Magazine of the Year Awards and two Amnesty International Awards, in August 1995, she was named as International Editorial Consultant for all 26 editions of Marie Claire. From June 1996 she served as editor-in-chief of the U. S. edition of Marie Claire, before joining Harpers Bazaar as editor-in-chief in May 2001 and she was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services to journalism and fashion in the 2008 New Year Honours. She received the honour of Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres from the government of France in 2012
33.
Lanvin (company)
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Lanvin is a French multinational high fashion house, which was founded by Jeanne Lanvin in 1889. In 1990, the house was taken over by the Orcofi Group then sold to l’Oréal in 1996, in 2001, Shaw-Lan Wang, a Taiwanese media magnate took Lanvin private again. As of 14 March 2016, Bouchra Jarrar is appointed as Creative Director for Women’s Collection, men’s Collections have been headed by Lucas Ossendrijver since 2005. Lanvin made such beautiful clothes for her daughter Marie-Blanche de Polignac that they began to attract the attention of a number of people who requested copies for their own children. Soon, Lanvin was making dresses for their mothers, and some of the most famous names in Europe were included in the clientele of her new boutique on the rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, Paris. In 1909, Lanvin joined the Syndicat de la Couture, which marked her formal status as a couturière, from 1923, the Lanvin empire included a dye factory in Nanterre. When Lanvin died in 1946, ownership of the firm was ceded to the designers daughter, because Marie-Blanche de Polignac was childless when she died in 1958, the ownership of the House of Lanvin went to a cousin, Yves Lanvin. From mid-1960s through to the takeover by LOreal, Lanvin was run by Bernard Lanvin, the export department was in the original factory in Nanterre where all the perfumes were made and bottled. The administrative Head Office was in Paris at 3, Rue de Tilsitt, in 1979, Lanvin bought its independence from Squibb USA and a major PR promotional tour was arranged by Paris in the United States in the same year. Britain Midland Bank bought a stake in the company from the family in March 1989, however, in February 1990, Midland backed out and sold Lanvin to Orcofi, a French holding company led by the Vuitton family. From Orcofi, 50% of the House of Lanvin was acquired by LOréal in 1994, 66% in 1995, under LOréals diverse umbrella, an array of CEOs who circulate within the French fashion industry have directed the company. In August 2001, Lanvin, the oldest French fashion house still in operation, was taken again by investor group Harmonie S. A. headed by Mrs. Shaw-Lan Wang. In 2005, Joix Corporatic was the Lanvin ready-to-wear license holder in Japan with retail value of €50 million, on December 4,2009, Lanvin opened their first US boutique in Bal Harbour, Florida. In 2011, Lanvin sales reached €203 million, not counting an estimated €4.5 million in revenues from licences, on November 20,2013, Lanvin became the official tailor of Arsenal FC, a London-based football club. On October 28,2015, Lanvin announced that Elbaz was no longer at the company and he was replaced by Bouchra Jarrar in March 2016. Alber Elbaz In October 2001, Alber Elbaz was appointed the Lanvin artistic director for all activities, in 2006, he introduced new packaging for the fashion house, featuring a forget-me-not flower color, Lanvins favorite shade which she purportedly saw in a Fra Angelico fresco. On September 2,2010, it was announced by H&M that Lanvin would be their guest designer collaboration for the Winter 2010 collection, the collection would be available to view beginning November 4,2010 at HM. com. The collection would then be available to buy in 200 stores worldwide, on November 20, the main face of the collection video was supermodel Natasha Poly Lucas Ossendrijver started with Kenzo’s menswear in 1997
34.
Alber Elbaz
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Alber Elbaz is a Moroccan-Israeli fashion designer. Elbaz worked for the Paris fashion house Lanvin from 2001 until October 2015, Alber Elbaz was born in 1961 in Casablanca, Morocco. He immigrated to Israel with his family at the age of 10, after serving in the Israeli Defense Forces, he studied at the Shenkar College of Engineering and Design in Ramat Gan. His life partner is Alex Koo, Lanvins director of marketing, Elbaz began designing for Lanvin in 2001. In October 2015 he announced that he had let go from the fashion house. He designed all of the costumes Natalie Portman wore in the film A Tale of Love and Darkness which she also wrote and directed. In 2006, Elbaz introduced new packaging for Lanvin, featuring a light blue color. Elbaz illustrated the song Lady Jane in singer-songwriter Mikas extended play Songs for Sorrow, in 2012, Rizzoli published a book of 3,000 photographs documenting Elbazs work for Lanvin. Elbazs simple, feminine clothing, which has been compared to Lanvins 1920s outfits, has been lauded by the fashion press, suzy Menkes wrote, Elbaz is every womans darling. And that includes Nicole, Kate, Chloë Sevigny, Sofia Coppola, Israeli fashion Alber Elbaz at the Fashion Model Directory Lanvin collaborates with Acne for a 2009 jean collection, JCReport Alber Elbaz collaborates with H&M, VOGUE. COM UK
35.
Marc Jacobs
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Marc Jacobs is an American fashion designer. He is the designer for his own fashion label, Marc Jacobs, as well as Marc by Marc Jacobs. He was the director of the French design house Louis Vuitton from 1997 to 2014. Jacobs was on Time magazines 2010 Time 100 list of the 100 most influential people in the world, Marc Jacobs was born to a non-observant Jewish family in New York City. When he was seven, his father, an agent at the William Morris Agency and his mother, who remarried three times, was “mentally ill” and “didn’t really take care of her kids”, according to Jacobs. As a teenager, he went to live with his grandmother on the Upper West Side. He attended the High School of Art and Design and studied at the Parsons School of Design in New York, while at Parsons in 1984, Jacobs won the Perry Ellis Gold Thimble Award, Chester Weinberg Gold Thimble Award, and Design Student of the Year Award. He also won an award in 1991 from the Council of Fashion Designers of America, at age 15, Jacobs worked as a stockboy at Charivari, a now-defunct avant-garde clothing boutique in New York City. While still at Parsons, Jacobs designed and sold his first line of hand-knit sweaters and he also designed his first collection for Reuben Thomas, Inc. under the Sketchbook label. With Robert Duffy, Jacobss creative collaborator, and business partner since the mid-1980s, in 1986, backed by Onward Kashiyama USA, Inc. Jacobs designed his first collection bearing the Marc Jacobs label. In 1987, Jacobs was the youngest designer to have ever awarded the fashion industrys highest tribute. In 1988, Jacobs and Duffy joined the womens unit of Perry Ellis as creative director/vice president and president, respectively, following the death of its namesake. In addition, Jacobs oversaw the design of the various womens licensees, in 1992, the Council of Fashion Designers of America awarded Jacobs with The Womens Designer of the Year Award. In the same year, he designed a collection for Perry Ellis. In the fall of 1993, Jacobs Duffy Designs Inc. launched their own licensing and design company, Marc Jacobs International Company, in 1994, Jacobs produced his first full collection of menswear. In 1997, Jacobs was appointed Louis Vuittons creative director, where he created the companys first ready-to-wear clothing line, in 2005, Look was the Marc by Marc Jacobs ready-to-wear license holder in Japan with retail value of €50 million. In 2006, Jacobs started a new line of fragrances in affordable huge ten-ounce bottles which are distributed by Coty. First only being sold in boutiques, they have become more and more popular during the recent years
36.
I-D
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I-D is a British magazine dedicated to fashion, music, art and youth culture. I-D was founded by designer and former Vogue art director Terry Jones in 1980, the first issue was published in the form of a hand-stapled fanzine with text produced on a typewriter. Over the years the magazine evolved into a mature glossy but it has kept street style, i-D has also held exhibitions worldwide and published several books. The magazine is known for its photography and typography and as a training ground for fresh talent. Photographers Wolfgang Tillmans, Mario Testino, Terry Richardson, Craig McDean, Nick Knight and Juergen Teller started their careers at i-D, as did Dylan Jones, other photographers that have contributed to i-D include Ellen von Unwerth and Kayt Jones. In 1984, Tony Elliott of Time Out became a partner with a 51% share of the company. Jones remained editor-in-chief and creative director, but he worked on other commercial projects. In 2004, Jones—together with his wife Tricia, regained control of the company. Vice Media acquired i-D in 2012, the magazine pioneered the hybrid style of documentary/fashion photography called The Straight Up. At first, these were of punks and new wave youth found on English streets, tipped on its side, the i-D typographic logo reveals a winking smiley. Most issues of i-D have featured a cover model. I-Ds 25th anniversary in 2005 was celebrated with an exhibition and guest-edited issues, Terry Jones invited a number of creative collaborators to work with him on different identity issues. The collaborators included Ashley Heath, M/M Paris, Alex McDowell, Simon Foxton and Stephen Male, Nick Knight, David Lipman, compiled and Produced by i-D Magazine. Terry and Tricia Jones, and Avril Mair, London, i-D,2000 / Taschen, Cologne. I-D selects the worlds 150 most important designers, i-D selects the worlds 160 most important designers. Initially launched in 2001 to celebrate i-Ds 20th birthday, Smile i-D highlighted the spirit of the magazine, since then, the show toured internationally, growing with each destination to include new material.095. Art gallery, Moscow, April 2007. The exhibition focused on identity, using images, film, sound. Fashion and Textile Museum, London, October 2005 then toured to New York, February 2006, Hong Kong, April 2006, Tokyo, April 2006, Beijing, London College of Fashion, London, February 2007, CP Company, Milan, April 2007
37.
W (magazine)
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W is a monthly American fashion magazine published by Condé Nast, who purchased original owner Fairchild Publications in 1999. It was created in 1971 by the publisher of sister magazine Womens Wear Daily, the magazine is an oversize format – ten inches wide and thirteen inches tall. Stefano Tonchi is the editor of W, Lucy Kriz is the vice president, W magazine has a reader base of nearly half a million,469,000 of which are annual subscribers. 80 percent of the readers are female and have an average household income of $135,840. Often the subject of controversy, W magazine has featured stories, in July 2005, W produced a 60-page Steven Klein portfolio of Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt entitled Domestic Bliss. Other controversial issues include Steven Meisels shoot entitled Asexual Revolution, in male and female models are depicted in gender-bending styles. In addition, Tom Fords racy shoot with Steven Klein and the article on sexuality in fashion came as a shock to some loyal readers. During the interview, Ford is quoted as saying Ive always been about pansexuality, whether Im sleeping with girls or not at this point in my life, the clothes have often been androgynous, which is very much my standard of beauty. Steven Klein also was the photographer for the photo shoot featured in the August 2007 issue, showcasing David. Bruce Weber produced a 60-page tribute to New Orleans in the April 2008 issue, most of Ws most memorable covers are featured on the W Classics page on the magazines website. W is also known for its coverage of American and European society, in 2011, Steven Meisel created controversy again by promoting fake advertisements throughout the November issue of the magazine. In 2013, Meisel shoot RuPauls Drag Race Season 3/NY Socialite Carmen Carrera in an editorial called Show girl, in 2013, the magazine started combining the January/December and June/July issues so as to free up money to invest in the magazines digital brand. Citrano later challenged this claim by Moore by offering $5,000 to charity, if Moore could prove that the photo she provided was the original photo from the shoot
38.
Vogue (magazine)
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Vogue is an American fashion and lifestyle magazine made up of many components including fashion, beauty, culture, living, and runway. Vogue began as a newspaper in 1892 in the United States. The British Vogue was the first international edition launched in 1916, Turnures intention was to create a publication that celebrated the ceremonial side of life, one that attracts the sage as well as debutante, men of affairs as well as the belle. From its inception, the magazine targeted the new New York upper class, the magazine at this time was primarily concerned with fashion, with coverage of sports and social affairs included for its male readership. Despite the magazines content, it very slowly during this period. Condé Montrose Nast purchased Vogue in 1905 one year before Turnures death and he changed it to a bi-weekly magazine and started Vogue overseas in the 1910s. Under Nast, the magazine shifted its focus to women. The magazines number of publications and profit increased dramatically under Nasts management, by 1911, the Vogue brand had garnered a reputation that it continues to maintain, targeting an elite audience and expanding into the coverage of weddings. According to Condé Naste Russia, after the First World War made deliveries in the Old World impossible, the decision to print in England proved to be successful causing Nast to release the first issue of French Vogue in 1920. The magazines number of subscriptions surged during the Great Depression, during this time, noted critic and former Vanity Fair editor Frank Crowninshield served as its editor, having been moved over from Vanity Fair by publisher Condé Nast. In July of 1932, American Vogue placed its first color photograph on the cover of the magazine, the photograph was taken by photographer Edward Steichen and portrays a woman swimmer holding a beach ball in the air. Nast was responsible for introducing color printing and the two-page spread and he greatly impacted the magazine and turned it into a successful business and the womens magazine we recognize today and greatly increased the sales volumes until his death in 1942. Toward this end, Vogue extended coverage to include East Village boutiques such as Limbo on St, marks Place, as well as including features of downtown personalities such as Andy Warhols Superstar Jane Holzers favorite haunts. Vogue also continued making household names out of models, a practice continued with Suzy Parker, Twiggy, Jean Shrimpton, Lauren Hutton, Veruschka, Marisa Berenson, Penelope Tree. In 1973, Vogue became a monthly publication, under editor-in-chief Grace Mirabella, the magazine underwent extensive editorial and stylistic changes to respond to changes in the lifestyles of its target audience. Mirabella states that she was chosen to change Vogue because women werent interested in reading about or buying clothes that served no purpose in their changing lives and she was selected to make the magazine appeal to the the free, working, liberated woman of the seventies. She changed the magazine by adding text with interviews, arts coverage, when that type of stylihtic ceange f ell out of favor in the 1980s, Mirabella was brutally fired. Her take on it, For a magazine devoted to style, in July of 1988, after Vogue had began to lose ground to a three-year-old upstart Elle, Anna Wintour was named editor-in-chief
