Zheng He
Zheng He was a Chinese mariner, diplomat, fleet admiral, court eunuch during China's early Ming dynasty. He was born as Ma He in a Muslim family, adopted the conferred surname Zheng from Emperor Yongle. Zheng commanded expeditionary treasure voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, East Africa from 1405 to 1433, his larger ships stretched 120 meters or more in length and carried hundreds of sailors on four tiers of decks. As a favorite of the Yongle Emperor, whose usurpation he assisted, Zheng rose to the top of the imperial hierarchy and served as commander of the southern capital Nanjing, his voyages were long neglected in official Chinese histories but have become well known in China and abroad since the publication of Liang Qichao's Biography of Our Homeland's Great Navigator, Zheng He in 1904. A trilingual stele left by the navigator was discovered on the island of Ceylon shortly thereafter. Zheng He was born Ma He to a Muslim family of Kunyang, Yunnan, China, he had four sisters.
Ma He's religious beliefs became eclectic in his adulthood. The Liujiagang and Changle inscriptions suggest that Zheng He's devotion to Tianfei was the dominant faith to which he adhered, reflecting the goddess' central role to the treasure fleet. John Guy mentions, "When Zheng He, the Muslim eunuch leader of the great expeditions to the'Western Ocean' in the early fifteenth century, embarked on his voyages, it was from the Divine Woman that he sought protection, as well as at the tombs of the Muslim saints on Lingshan Hill, above the city of Quanzhou."Zheng He was a great-great-great-grandson of Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din Omar, who served in the administration of the Mongol Empire and was the governor of Yunnan during the early Yuan dynasty. His great-grandfather may have been stationed at a Mongol garrison in Yunnan. Zheng He's grandfather carried the title hajji, while his father had the sinicized surname Ma and the title hajji, which suggests that they had made the pilgrimage to Mecca. Peterson suggests that the Hajji of both his father and grandfather indicated that Zheng He may have had Mongol-Arab ancestry and that he could speak Arabic.
In the autumn of 1381, a Ming army invaded and conquered Yunnan, ruled by the Mongol prince Basalawarmi, Prince of Liang. In 1381, Ma Haji died in the fighting between the Ming armies and Mongol forces. Dreyer states that Zheng He's father died at age 39 while resisting the Ming conquest, while Levathes states Zheng He's father died at age 37, but it is unclear if he was helping the Mongol army or just caught in the onslaught of battle. Wenming, the oldest son, buried their father outside of Kunming. In his capacity as Admiral, Zheng He had an epitaph engraved in honor of his father, composed by the Minister of Rites Li Zhigang on the Duanwu Festival of the 3rd year in the Yongle era. Zheng He was captured by the Ming armies at Yunnan in 1381. General Fu Youde saw Ma He on a road and approached him in order to inquire about the location of the Mongol pretender. Ma He responded defiantly by saying. Afterwards, the general took him prisoner. One source states that he was castrated at the age of 10 and was placed in the service of the Prince of Yan, while another source indicates that the castration occurred in 1385.
Ma He was sent to serve in the household of Zhu Di, the Prince of Yan, who became the Yongle Emperor. Zhu Di was eleven years older than Ma. While enslaved as a eunuch servant, Ma He gained the confidence of Zhu Di, while Zhu Di as his benefactor would gain the allegiance and loyalty of the young eunuch. Since 1380, the prince had been governing Beiping,which was located near the northern frontier where the hostile Mongol tribes were situated. Ma would spend his early life as a soldier on the northern frontier, he participated in Zhu Di's military campaigns against the Mongols. On 2 March 1390, Ma accompanied the Prince when he commanded his first expedition, a great victory as the Mongol commander Naghachu surrendered as soon as he realized he had fallen for a deception, he would gain the confidence and trust of the prince. Ma was known as "sān bǎo" during the time of service in the household of the Prince of Yan; this name was a reference to the Three Jewels in Buddhism. There is a document saying his name could be 三保.
Ma received a proper education while at Beiping, which he would not have had if he had been placed in the imperial capital Nanjing, as the Hongwu Emperor did not trust eunuchs and believed that it was better to keep them illiterate. Meanwhile, the Hongwu Emperor purged and exterminated many of the original Ming leadership and gave his enfeoffed sons more military authority those in the north like the Prince of Yan. Ma He's appearance as an adult was recorded: he was seven chi tall, had a waist, five chi in circumference, cheeks and a forehead, high, a small nose, glaring eyes, teeth that were white and well-shaped as shells, a voice, as loud as a bell, it is recorded that he had great knowledge about warfare and was well-accustomed to battle. The young eunuch became a trusted adviser to the prince and assisted him when the Jianwen Emperor's hostility to his uncle's feudal bases prompted the 1399–1402 Jingnan Campaign which ended with the emperor's apparent death and the ascension of the Zhu Di, Prince of Yan, as the Yongle Emperor.
In
Tamar, Hong Kong
Tamar is the home to Hong Kong's Legislative Council and Central Government Offices of the Hong Kong Government. Adjacent to Hong Kong Island's financial heart at Central harbourfront, the 4.2-hectare site was the former location of the naval basin attached to the headquarters of the British Forces Overseas Hong Kong. To the east, it connects with cultural and convention facilities including the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre. Once the most expensive piece of empty land in Hong Kong, valued at $24.3 billion on the market, the site attracted projects from different parties, including the government's new headquarters profitable office or retailing space, a waterfront open green space. Due to its modern usage, the term is used synonymously to the territory's legislative council and administration. HMS Tamar was the name of a British naval vessel which arrived in Hong Kong in 1897 and remained in the British territory until the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong during World War II in 1941.
In keeping with British naval regulations, in which only naval personnel allocated to a vessel came under naval discipline, HMS Tamar became the nominal depot ship of the British naval garrison and gave its name to the stone frigate, "HMS Tamar". The British garrison pre-handover was stationed at the Prince of Wales Building within the base, part of the site. A number of large-scale functions including expos and musical or theatrical performances had been staged at the Tamar site before. A few examples are Saltimbanco by Cirque Du Soleil, the annual Hong Kong Product Expo, the Hong Kong International Film Festival and the ill-fated "Harbour Fest"; the entire site has played host to a funfair in 2005 and 2006. The Tamar site has been a target of strong criticism by the public for its poor record of music events. In 2003, the Hong Kong government made plans to create a major concert event to help Hong Kong out of the economic crisis brought about by the SARS epidemic, naming it "Harbour Fest".
The event took heavy criticism as it was considered "extremely poor organization". On 25 October 2003, Irish vocal pop band Westlife held a concert for their Unbreakable Tour supporting their album Unbreakable - The Greatest Hits Vol. 1. The Tamar site was one of the protest sites suggested by members of the Hong Kong People's Alliance on WTO, a non-governmental organization that represents dozens of organizations heading to Hong Kong to protest the WTO Ministerial Conference of 2005; the Tamar site was suggested since the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, where the conference was to be held,is visible from it. However the government turned down this suggestion and instead the site was used as a vehicle processing centre during the conference. Over 1,000 vehicles traveled to and from the conference venue on a daily basis. All vehicles and their drivers and passengers had to go through screening at the Tamar Site for security verification before being allowed to enter the conference venue.
The Hong Kong Government relocated the Central Government Offices, the Legislative Council and the Chief Executive's Office to the Central Government Complex. The government halted the Tamar project development in November 2003 because of the tough economic climate during the SARS outbreak. Two hectares of the 4.2-hectare site was reserved for use as recreational open space in the $5.2 billion development plan. The rest of the site being used for government buildings. Most offices of the government bureaus was moved from various locations into the new complex, as well as the Legislative Council of Hong Kong; the council chambers abandoned the traditional British layout, of benches facing across from each other, favouring instead a seating arrangement similar to the Congress Hall of the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, a tiered semi circle with the speaker at its centre. In order to ensure the buildings behind the site such as the Far East Finance Centre, the Admiralty Centre, Lippo Centre, the United Centre, Pacific Place Offices Towers, Island Shangri-La and the Conrad Hotel continue to have views of the harbour, the height of the government buildings was restricted to 130-180mPD.
The government decided to cut an exhibition gallery from the project. In 2004, the government had promised the Trade Development Council that they would be able to rent the grounds as a temporary venue for mega fairs twice a year, for a total of three years; the Hong Kong Gifts & Premium Fair and the Hong Kong Electronics Fair were to have exhibits at the Tamar site once a year, with the plan to become Asia's largest sourcing fair. The government decided to cut out the use for exhibitions in order to lower the development intensity of the site and to alleviate effects on transport infrastructure arising from the project; the contract for the project was signed on 28 January and work started in mid-February 2008, finished in 2011. The project engaged 3,000 workers. A flag-raising ceremony was held on the morning of Monday 1 August 2011, to mark the event with staff from the Commerce and Tourism Branch of the Commerce and Economic Development Bureau having the honor of being first to move into new offices at Tamar.
Groups like the Hong Kong Institute of Planners did not think the Tamar site should be made into a government complex. Because of the Tamar site's unique location, connecting cultural and tourist facilities, they believed it should be used for political, economic and entertainment purp
Kowloon City
Kowloon City is an area in Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is administratively part of Kowloon City District. Compared with the administrative Kowloon City District, the Kowloon City area is vaguely bounded south by Prince Edward Road West and Prince Edward Road East, north with Lo Fu Ngam, east with Kai Tak Nullah and west with Kowloon Tsai; as early as in the Qin dynasty, Kowloon City was famous for its pearl production. During the Song dynasty, Kowloon City was a part of Kwun Fu Cheung, a part of salt yard governed by Chinese officials. Part of the district was the location of the original Kowloon Walled City, erected during the Qing dynasty; this is now Kowloon Walled City Park. The former Kai Tak International Airport was located in the district. In 1982, Hong Kong was divided into 18 administrative districts, Kowloon City and its neighbouring areas, such as Hung Hom, now belong to the Kowloon City District. Prior to 1998, a strict building height restriction was imposed in Kowloon City to minimize the hazards of air traffic commuting through the Kai Tak Airport.
The closure of Kai Tak as a result of the opening of the new Hong Kong International Airport lifted the height restriction, more high-rise apartments started to appear. Holy Trinity Cathedral, the oldest church in Kowloon City Kai Tak Airport, a defunct airport in Kowloon City Kowloon City Plaza Kowloon City’s public market – one of the largest markets in Hong Kong Kowloon Walled City Sung Wong Toi Park Kowloon City is an old district in Hong Kong; the district is well known for its wide range of cuisine. Other than the traditional Hong Kong-style restaurants that offer local dishes, there are numerous restaurants that offer Southeast Asian dishes like Thai and Indonesian. Many Thai grocery stores can be found throughout this place, too. Due to the prevalence of Thai restaurants and stores as well as the population of Thai-speaking ethnic Chinese, Kowloon City is known as "Hong Kong's Little Thailand", it is not only a food paradise for authentic main dishes of many cultures, but a popular place for both traditional Hong Kong-style and western desserts.
Major roads that serves the area include: Boundary Street Prince Edward Road Kowloon Motor Bus1, 1A, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3C, 5, 5C, 6C, 6D, 6F, 7B, 9, 10, 11B, 11D, 11X, 12A, 13D, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 40, 42, 61X, 75X, 85, 85A, 85B, 93K, 95, 98, 98S, 98C, 203E, 213D, 296C, 297, N216, N293New World First Bus796C, 796X, N796CitybusA22, E22, E23, N23, N26Cross Harbour Tunnel101, 106, 107, 108, 111, 113, 115, 116, N121Minibus2, 2A, 2M, 13, 25M, 33, 46, 69, 69A, 105, 105S, 110 List of places in Hong Kong < A history of Kowloon City >
Second Opium War
The Second Opium War, the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Second China War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a war pitting the United Kingdom and the French Empire against the Qing dynasty of China, lasting from 1856 to 1860. The terms "Second War" and "Arrow War" are both used in literature. "Second Opium War" refers to one of the British strategic objectives: legalizing the opium trade, expanding trade, opening all of China to British merchants, exempting foreign imports from internal transit duties. The "Arrow War" refers to the name of a vessel; the war followed on from the First Opium War. In 1842, the Treaty of Nanking—the first of what the Chinese called the unequal treaties—granted an indemnity and extraterritoriality to Britain, the opening of five treaty ports, the cession of Hong Kong Island; the failure of the treaty to satisfy British goals of improved trade and diplomatic relations led to the Second Opium War. In China, the First Opium War is considered to be the beginning of modern Chinese history.
Between the two wars, repeated acts of aggression against British subjects led in 1847 to the Expedition to Canton which assaulted and took, by a coup de main, the forts of the Bocca Tigris resulting in the spiking of 879 guns. The 1850s saw the rapid growth of Western imperialism; some of the shared goals of the western powers were the expansion of their overseas markets and the establishment of new ports of call. The French Treaty of Huangpu and the American Wangxia Treaty both contained clauses allowing renegotiation of the treaties after 12 years of being in effect. In an effort to expand their privileges in China, Britain demanded the Qing authorities renegotiate the Treaty of Nanking, citing their most favoured nation status; the British demands included opening all of China to British merchant companies, legalising the opium trade, exempting foreign imports from internal transit duties, suppression of piracy, regulation of the coolie trade, permission for a British ambassador to reside in Beijing and for the English-language version of all treaties to take precedence over the Chinese language.
To give Chinese merchant vessels operating around treaty ports the same privileges accorded to British ships by the Treaty of Nanking, British authorities granted these vessels British registration in Hong Kong. In October 1856, Chinese marines in Canton seized a cargo ship called the Arrow on suspicion of piracy, arresting twelve of its fourteen Chinese crew members; the Arrow had been used by pirates, captured by the Chinese government, subsequently resold. It was registered as a British ship and still flew the British flag at the time of its detainment, though its registration had expired, its captain, Thomas Kennedy, aboard a nearby vessel at the time, reported seeing Chinese marines pull the British flag down from the ship. The British consul in Canton, Harry Parkes, contacted Ye Mingchen, imperial commissioner and Viceroy of Liangguang, to demand the immediate release of the crew, an apology for the alleged insult to the flag. Ye refused to release the last three. On 23 October the British destroyed four barrier forts.
On 25 October a demand was made for the British to be allowed to enter the city. Next day the British started to bombard the city, firing one shot every 10 minutes. Ye Mingchen issued a bounty on every British head taken. On 29 October a hole was blasted in the city walls and troops entered, with a flag of the United States being planted by James Keenan on the walls and residence of Ye Mingchen. Losses were 12 wounded. Negotiations failed and the city was bombarded. On 6 November, 23 war junks were destroyed. There were pauses for talks, with the British bombarding at intervals, fires were caused on 5 January 1857, the British returned to Hong Kong; the British government lost a Parliamentary vote regarding the Arrow incident and what had taken place at Canton to the end of the year on 3 March 1857. There was a general election in April 1857 which increased the government majority. In April, the British government asked the United States of America and Russia if they were interested in alliances, the offers were rejected.
In May 1857, the Indian Mutiny became serious. British troops destined for China were diverted to India, considered the priority issue. France joined the British action against China, prompted by complaints from their envoy, Baron Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros, over the execution of a French missionary, Father Auguste Chapdelaine, by Chinese local authorities in Guangxi province, which at that time was not open to foreigners; the British and the French joined forces under Admiral Sir Michael Seymour. The British army led by Lord Elgin, the French army led by Gros, together they attacked and occupied Canton in late 1857. A joint committee of the Alliance was formed; the Allies left the city governor at his original post in order to maintain order on behalf of the victors. The British-French Alliance maintained control of Canton for nearly four years; the coalition cruised north to capture the Taku Forts near Tientsin in May 1858. The United States and Russia sent envoys to Hong Kong to offer military help to the British and French, though in the end Russia sent no military aid.
The U. S. was involved in a minor concurrent conflict during the war, although they ignored the UK's offer of alliance and did not coordinate with the Anglo-French forces. In 1856, the Chinese garrison at Canton shelled a United States Navy steamer. S. Navy retaliated in the Battle of the Pearl River Forts; the ships bombarded the
Green Island, Hong Kong
Green Island is an island off the northwest coast of Kennedy Town, Hong Kong Island, separated by the Sulphur Channel. A smaller island nearby to the east, uninhabited, is called Little Green Island. Administratively, the two islands are part of Western District. Green Island is uninhabited and at the east coast is Green Island Reception Centre and Green Island Police Station. Top of the hill is an office of the Marine Department and a lighthouse southwest guides the ships in Sulphur Channel; the buildings of the Green Island Lighthouse Compound were declared as monuments in 2008. The historic buildings include the two lighthouses built in 1875 and 1905 and the European quarters of the lighthouse compound; these three buildings are individually Grade II historic buildings. The first lighthouse, 12 metres tall and constructed of granite, began operation on 1 July 1875. There are two cross-shaped openings on its wall for lighting; the openings resemble gun-posts like those found in medieval European castles.
These are of the same construction as those found on the Cape Collinson Lighthouse at Siu Sai Wan, Hong Kong Island. Construction began on a second lighthouse in 1904, completed in 1905, intended to house the Cape D’Aguilar light. Built of granite and concrete, sitting beside its predecessor, the newer lighthouse is 17.5 metres tall, painted white, with a steel-caged lantern on top. A concrete spiral staircase with rails gives access to the lantern room. An upper floor was added to the keeper's house in 1923 and the lighthouse was automated in the 1970s; the two lighthouses, along with Cape D'Aguilar Lighthouse, Waglan Island Lighthouse and Tang Lung Chau Lighthouse are the only prewar lighthouses remaining. The island is densely covered with tall scrub. A total of 150 plant species and a large variety of butterfly species has been found. One ant species not found elsewhere in Hong Kong was recorded on Green Island; the locally rare reef egret and white-bellied sea eagle have been seen on the island.
Green Island is an important reporting point for location aviation in Hong Kong for entry to Victoria Harbour by air. All local traffic flying into or out of the Harbour must report overhead Green Island; as the Harbour is quite narrow and aviation traffic can be heavy at times due to the large number of helicopters and light aircraft, Green Island can act as a holding point before permission to enter is granted by air traffic control. In the 1990s, the Hong Kong Government has proposed reclamation of Sulphur Channel and turning Green Island into a residential area, with a cross-harbour tunnel exit; the proposal was put off due to strong opposition from environmental concern groups. List of lighthouses in China Waglan Lighthouse Cape D'Aguilar Lighthouse Tang Lung Chau Lighthouse Biodiversity of the island "Review of Egretries in Hong Kong", in Hong Kong Biodiversity, Issue No. 14 March 2007, pp. 1-6. Aerial image from Google Map Ha, Louis. "Hong Kong's Lighthouses and the Men Who Manned Them".
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch. 41: 281–320. ISSN 1991-7295. "Green Island Lighthouse". Hong Kong Memory. Retrieved 11 August 2018
Cantonese
Cantonese is a variety of Chinese spoken in the city of Guangzhou and its surrounding area in Southeastern China. It is the traditional prestige variety and standard form of Yue Chinese, one of the major subgroups of Chinese. In mainland China, it is the lingua franca of the province of Guangdong and neighbouring areas such as Guangxi, it is the official language of Hong Kong and Macau. Cantonese is widely spoken amongst Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia and throughout the Western world. While the term Cantonese refers to the prestige variety, it is used in a broader sense for the entire Yue subgroup of Chinese, including related but mutually unintelligible languages and dialects such as Taishanese; when Cantonese and the related Yuehai dialects are classified together, there are about 80 million total speakers. Cantonese is viewed as a vital and inseparable part of the cultural identity for its native speakers across large swaths of Southeastern China, Hong Kong and Macau, as well as in overseas communities.
Although Cantonese shares a lot of vocabulary with Mandarin, the two varieties are mutually unintelligible because of differences in pronunciation and lexicon. Sentence structure, in particular the placement of verbs, sometimes differs between the two varieties. A notable difference between Cantonese and Mandarin is; this results in the situation in which a Cantonese and a Mandarin text may look similar but are pronounced differently. In English, the term "Cantonese" can be ambiguous. Cantonese proper is the variety native to the city of Canton, the traditional English name of Guangzhou; this narrow sense may be specified as "Canton language" or "Guangzhou language". However, "Cantonese" may refer to the primary branch of Chinese that contains Cantonese proper as well as Taishanese and Gaoyang. In this article, "Cantonese" is used for Cantonese proper. Speakers called this variety "Canton speech" or "Guangzhou speech", although this term is now used outside Guangzhou. In Guangdong and Guangxi, people call it "provincial capital speech" or "plain speech".
Academically called "Canton prefecture speech". In Hong Kong and Macau, as well as among overseas Chinese communities, the language is referred to as "Guangdong speech" or "Canton Province speech", or as "Chinese". In mainland China, the term "Guangdong speech" is increasingly being used amongst both native and non-native speakers. Given the history of the development of the Yue languages and dialects during the Tang dynasty migrations to the region, in overseas Chinese communities, it is referred to as "Tang speech", given that the Cantonese people refer to themselves as "people of Tang". Due to its status as a prestige dialect among all the dialects of the Yue branch of Chinese varieties, it is called "Standard Cantonese"; the official languages of Hong Kong are English, as defined in the Hong Kong Basic Law. The Chinese language has many different varieties. Given the traditional predominance of Cantonese within Hong Kong, it is the de facto official spoken form of the Chinese language used in the Hong Kong Government and all courts and tribunals.
It is used as the medium of instruction in schools, alongside English. A similar situation exists in neighboring Macau, where Chinese is an official language alongside Portuguese; as in Hong Kong, Cantonese is the predominant spoken variety of Chinese used in everyday life and is thus the official form of Chinese used in the government. The Cantonese spoken in Hong Kong and Macau is mutually intelligible with the Cantonese spoken in the mainland city of Guangzhou, although there exist some minor differences in accent and vocabulary. Cantonese first developed around the port city of Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta region of southeastern China. Due to the city's long standing as an important cultural center, Cantonese emerged as the prestige dialect of the Yue varieties of Chinese in the Southern Song dynasty and its usage spread around most of what is now the provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi. Despite the cession of Macau to Portugal in 1557 and Hong Kong to Britain in 1842, the ethnic Chinese population of the two territories originated from the 19th and 20th century immigration from Guangzhou and surrounding areas, making Cantonese the predominant Chinese language in the territories.
On the mainland, Cantonese continued to serve as the lingua franca of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces after Mandarin was made the official language of the government by the Qing dynasty in the early 1900s. Cantonese remained a dominant and influential language in southeastern China until the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and its promotion of Standard Chinese as the sole official language of the nation throughout the last half of the 20th century, although its influence still remains strong within the region. While the Chinese government vehemently discourages the official use of all forms of Chinese except Standard Chinese, Cantonese enjoys a higher standing than other Chinese langua
HMS Tamar (1863)
HMS Tamar was a Royal Navy troopship built by the Samuda Brothers at Cubitt Town and launched in Britain in 1863. She served as a supply ship from 1897 to 1941, gave her name to the shore station HMS Tamar in Hong Kong; the 1863 incarnation of HMS Tamar was the fourth to bear that name, derived from the River Tamar, in Cornwall, the ship's crest is based on its coat of arms. Built in Cubitt Town in East London, she was launched in June 1863, began her maiden voyage on 12 January 1864 as a troopship to the Cape and China. Tamar was dual-powered with a steam engine, giving a speed of 12 knots, she had two funnels, but she was re-equipped with a more advanced boiler and reduced to one funnel. In 1874, she formed part of the Naval Brigade that helped to defeat the Ashanti in West Africa, during the Ashanti War. Tamar took part in the bombardment of Alexandria in 1882. In 1879, The British Medical Journal reported a group of sailors aboard Tamar were poisoned by a bad pigeon pie which spawned an Admiralty investigation.
In 1897 Tamar was hulked as a base ship and relieved HMS Victor Emmanuel as the Hong Kong receiving ship. She was used as a base ship until replaced by the shore station, named HMS Tamar, after the ship. Tamar had been towed out to a buoy on 8 December during the Battle of Hong Kong during World War II. Amidst a curfew of darkness and bombardment by the Imperial Japanese forces, the orders came at 2100 hours on 11 December to scuttle her, she was scuttled at the buoy on 12 December 1941 once it was clear that the advance could not be arrested, to avoid being used by the invading Japanese forces. As the ship's superstructure became airlocked, the ship refused to sink for some time, until the Royal Artillery was called in to administer the coup de grâce. Over the years, legends state that a mast from the ship was erected outside Murray House in Stanley, that wood planks salvaged from the ship were turned into the main doors of St. John's Cathedral in the city's Central district; the veracity of both legends, has been challenged.
In late 2014, during dredging work for the Central–Wan Chai Bypass, the remains of what appears to be Tamar were discovered at the location of the old Wan Chai Ferry Pier where she is believed to have been scuttled. A government report, completed in September 2015 but released on the government's website in February 2017, finds strong evidence that the remains are those of Tamar. Colledge, J. J.. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475
