The Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa is a Mahayana Buddhist text which centers on a lay Buddhist meditator who attained a very high degree of enlightenment considered by some second only to the Buddha's. The word
Vimalakīrti debating Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī. Chinese painting from the Dunhuang Caves, Tang dynasty
Fragments of Vimalakirti Sutra in Chinese on the reverse side of Old Tibetan Chronicle discovered in Dunhuang Mogao Cave #17
Layman Yuima (Vimalakirti), at the Hosso (Yogacara) temple of Kōfuku-ji
The layman Vimalakīrti Debates Manjusri, Dunhuang Mogao Caves
Vimalakīrti is a bodhisattva and the central figure in the Vimalakirti Sutra, which presents him as the ideal Mahayana Buddhist upāsaka and a contemporary of Gautama Buddha. There is no mention of him
Vimalakirti Sutra
…appearances of the world are mere illusions, and the superiority of the Mahāyāna over other paths. It places in the mouth of the upāsaka (lay practitioner) Vimalakīrti a teaching addressed to both arhats and bodhisattvas, regarding the doctrine of śūnyatā. In most versions, the discourse of the text culminates with a…
Depiction of Vimalakirti from the Southern Song period (1127–1279)