Vindolanda
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Vindolanda was a Roman auxiliary fort (castrum) just south of Hadrian's Wall in northern England, which it pre-dated. Archaeological excavations of the site show it was under Roman occupation from roughly 85 AD to 370 AD. Located near the modern village of Bardon Mill in Northumberland, it guarded the Stanegate, the Roman road from the River Tyne to the Solway Firth. It is noted for the Vindolanda tablets, a set of wooden leaf-tablets that were, at the time of their discovery, the oldest surviving handwritten documents in Britain.
Military bathhouse at Vindolanda
Vindolanda tablet 291
Gardens outside the museum
Sandal found at Vindolanda and now on display in the Museum
Castra
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In the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, the Latin word castrum was a military-related term.
Reconstructed gateway of a Castrum Stativum at Arbeia (South Shields), a supply depot for Hadrian's Wall. Note the battlements, the Roman arches, the turres.
Reconstruction of the specula or vigilarium (Germanic burgus), "watchtower", a type of castrum, at Rainau-Buch, Germany. An ancient watchtower would have been surrounded by wall and ditch.
The reconstructed porta praetoria of Castrum Pfünz, Germany, near the Rhaetian Limes.
Castrum at Masada. Note the classical "playing-card" layout.