A vocoder is a category of speech coding that analyzes and synthesizes the human voice signal for audio data compression, multiplexing, voice encryption or voice transformation.
Early 1970s vocoder, custom-built for electronic music band Kraftwerk
Schematic circuit of Dudley's Vocoder (based on: Dudley 1940, p. 508, Fig.7)
SIGSALY (1943–1946) speech encipherment system
HY-2 Vocoder (designed in 1961), was the last generation of channel vocoder in the US.
Speech synthesis is the artificial production of human speech. A computer system used for this purpose is called a speech synthesizer, and can be implemented in software or hardware products. A text-to-speech (TTS) system converts normal language text into speech; other systems render symbolic linguistic representations like phonetic transcriptions into speech. The reverse process is speech recognition.
Computer and speech synthesizer housing used by Stephen Hawking in 1999
Fidelity Voice Chess Challenger (1979), the first talking chess computer
A speech synthesis kit produced by Bell System
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous people to use a speech computer to communicate.