1.
Raleigh, North Carolina
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Raleigh is the capital of the state of North Carolina, the seat of Wake County in the United States. Raleigh is known as the City of Oaks for its oak trees. The city covers a area of 142.8 square miles. The U. S. Census Bureau estimated the population as 451,066 as of July 1,2015. It is also one of the cities in the country. The city of Raleigh is named after Sir Walter Raleigh, who established the lost Roanoke Colony in present-day Dare County, Raleigh is home to North Carolina State University and is part of the Research Triangle area, together with Durham and Chapel Hill. The Triangle nickname originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park, located in Durham and Wake Counties, partway between the three cities and their universities. The Research Triangle region encompasses the U. S. Census Bureaus Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area, the Raleigh Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated population of 1,214,516 in 2013. Most of Raleigh is located within Wake County, with a small portion extending into Durham County. Raleigh is an example in the United States of a planned city. It was chosen as the site of the capital in 1788. The city was laid out in a grid pattern with the North Carolina State Capitol in Union Square at the center. Raleigh is home to cultural, educational, and historic sites. The Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts in Downtown Raleigh features three venues and serves as the home for the North Carolina Symphony and the Carolina Ballet. Coastal Credit Union Music Park at Walnut Creek is a large music amphitheater located in southeast Raleigh, one U. S. president, Andrew Johnson, was born in Raleigh. Bath, the oldest town in North Carolina, was the first nominal capital from 1705 until 1722, the colony had no permanent institutions of government until the establishment at the new capital New Bern in 1743. In December 1770, Joel Lane successfully petitioned the North Carolina General Assembly to create a new county, on January 5,1771, the bill creating Wake County was passed in the General Assembly. The county was formed from portions of Cumberland, Orange, the county gets its name from Margaret Wake Tryon, the wife of Governor William Tryon
2.
Durham, North Carolina
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Durham is a city in the U. S. state of North Carolina. It is the county seat of Durham County, though portions also extend into Wake County in the east, the U. S. Census Bureau estimated the citys population to be 251,893 as of July 1,2014. Durham is the core of the four-county Durham-Chapel Hill Metropolitan Area and it is the home of Duke University and North Carolina Central University, and is also one of the vertices of the Research Triangle area. The Eno and the Occoneechi, related to the Sioux and the Shakori and they may have established a village named Adshusheer on the site. The Great Indian Trading Path has been traced through Durham, and Native Americans helped to mold the area by establishing settlements, in 1701, Durhams beauty was chronicled by the English explorer John Lawson, who called the area the flower of the Carolinas. During the mid-1700s, Scots, Irish, and English colonists settled on land granted to George Carteret by King Charles I, early settlers built gristmills, such as West Point, and worked the land. Prior to the American Revolution, frontiersmen in what is now Durham were involved in the Regulator movement, according to legend, Loyalist militia cut Cornwallis Road through this area in 1771 to quell the rebellion. Later, William Johnston, a shopkeeper and farmer, made Revolutionaries munitions, served in the Provincial Capital Congress in 1775. Large plantations, Hardscrabble, Cameron, and Leigh among them, were established in the antebellum period, by 1860, Stagville Plantation lay at the center of one of the largest plantation holdings in the South. There were free African-Americans in the area as well, including several who fought in the Revolutionary War and this road, eventually followed by US Route 70, was the major east-west route in North Carolina from colonial times until the construction of interstate highways. Steady population growth and an intersection with the road connecting Roxboro and Fayetteville made the area near this site suitable for a US Post Office, Durhams location is a result of the needs of the 19th century railroad industry. The wood-burning steam locomotives of the time had to frequently for wood and water. Eventually a railway depot was established on land donated by Bartlett S. Durham in 1849, sherman occupied the nearby state capital of Raleigh during the American Civil War. The last formidable Confederate Army in the South, commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston, was headquartered in Greensboro 50 miles to the west. After the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia by Gen. Robert E. Lee at Appomattox, Virginia on April 9,1865, fortunately for Durham, its future had nothing to do with 19th-century politics. As both armies passed through Durham, Hillsborough, and surrounding Piedmont communities, they confiscated the areas Brightleaf Tobacco, the community of Durham Station grew slowly before the Civil War, but expanded rapidly following the war. Much of this attributed to the establishment of a thriving tobacco industry. Veterans returned home after the war, with an interest in acquiring more of the tobacco they had sampled in North Carolina
3.
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Chapel Hill is a city in Orange County, North Carolina, and the home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and UNC Health Care. The population was 57,233 at the 2010 census, Chapel Hill is the 15th-largest city in North Carolina. Chapel Hill, Durham, and Raleigh make up the three corners of the Research Triangle, so named in 1959 with the creation of Research Triangle Park, a research park between Durham and Raleigh. Chapel Hill is one of the cities of the Durham-Chapel Hill MSA. Chapel Hill sits atop a hill which was occupied by a small Anglican chapel of ease, built in 1752. The Carolina Inn now occupies the site of the original chapel, in 1819, the town was founded to serve the University of North Carolina and grew up around it. The town was chartered in 1851, and its main street, in 1968, only a year after its schools became fully integrated, Chapel Hill became the first predominantly white municipality in the South to elect an African American mayor, Howard Lee. Lee served from 1969 until 1975 and, among other things, helped establish Chapel Hill Transit, several hybrid and articulated buses have been added recently. All buses carry GPS transmitters to report their location in time to a tracking web site. Buses can transport bicycles and have wheelchair lifts, in 1993, the town celebrated its bicentennial, which resulted in the establishment of the Chapel Hill Museum. On February 10,2015, three students were killed in their home, Finley Forest Condominiums, next to the Friday Center for Continuing Education. Their next-door neighbor, Craig Stephen Hicks, was arrested by police, Chapel Hill is located in the southeast corner of Orange County. It is bounded on the west by the town of Carrboro, however, most of Chapel Hills borders are adjacent to unincorporated portions of Orange and Durham Counties rather than shared with another municipality. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 21.3 square miles. Durham, North Carolina, is the core of the four-county Durham-Chapel Hill MSA, the US Office of Management and Budget also includes Chapel Hill as a part of the Raleigh-Durham-Cary Combined Statistical Area, which has a population of 1,749,525 as of Census 2010. According to the 2010 U. S. Census,57,233 people in 20,564 households resided in Chapel Hill, the population density was 2,687 people per square mile. The racial composition of the town was 72. 8% White,9. 7% African American,0. 3% Native American,11. 9% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,2. 7% some other race, and 2. 7% of two or more races. About 6. 4% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race, about 30. 6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
4.
Research Triangle
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A2013 Census estimate put the population at 2,037,430, making it the second largest metropolitan area in the state of North Carolina behind Charlotte. The Raleigh–Durham television market includes a broader 24-county area which includes Fayetteville, the Triangle name was cemented in the public consciousness in the 1950s with the creation of Research Triangle Park, home to numerous high-tech companies and enterprises. Most of the Triangle is part of North Carolinas second, fourth, depending on which definition of the Research Triangle region is used, as few as three or as many as 16 counties are included as part of the region. All of these counties when included hold a population over 2,167,000 people. S. S, Census Bureau divided the region into two metropolitan statistical areas and one micropolitan area in 2003. Some area television stations define the region as Raleigh–Durham–Fayetteville, Fayetteville, North Carolina, is over 50 miles from Raleigh, but is part of the Triangle television market. Other larger systems in the region include Durham Public Schools and rapidly growing Johnston County Schools, the North Carolina Tar Heels, NC State Wolfpack, and Duke Blue Devils are all members of the ACC. Rivalries among these schools are strong, fueled by proximity to each other. Adding to the rivalries is the number of graduates the high schools in the region send to each of the local universities. It is very common for students at one university to know many students attending the local universities. The four ACC schools in the state, Duke, North Carolina, North Carolina State, all four teams consistently produce high-caliber teams. Each of the Triangle-based universities listed has won at least two NCAA Basketball national championships, other colleges in the Triangle that field intercollegiate teams include Campbell University, Meredith College, and William Peace University. The region has one professional team of the four major sports. Since moving to the Research Triangle region from Hartford, Connecticut, they have enjoyed great success, with only one top-level professional sports option, minor league sports are quite popular in the region. The American Badminton Academy is also located here in a facility with seven permanent courts. The Academy is unique among U. S. badminton facilities in that it hosts an international player development program run by Dennis Christensen, anchored by leading technology firms, government and world-class universities, medical centers and schools, the areas economy has performed exceptionally well. Significant increases in employment, earnings, personal income, and retail sales are projected over the next 15 years, the regions growing high-technology community includes such companies as IBM, SAS Institute, Cisco Systems, NetApp, Red Hat, EMC Corporation, and Credit Suisse First Boston. In addition to high-tech, the region is ranked in the top three in the U. S. with concentration in life science companies. Some of these companies include GlaxoSmithKline, Biogen Idec, BASF, Research Triangle Park and North Carolina State Universitys Centennial Campus in Raleigh support innovation through R&D and technology transfer among the regions companies and research universities
5.
Slogan
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The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising. A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and these attributes are necessary in a slogan, as it is only a short phrase. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the organisation or brand is trying to say, the word slogan is derived from slogorn which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish sluagh-ghairm. Slogans vary from the written and the visual to the chanted and their simple rhetorical nature usually leaves little room for detail and a chanted slogan may serve more as social expression of unified purpose than as communication to an intended audience. George E. Shankels research states that, English-speaking people began using the term by 1704, the term at that time meant the distinctive note, phrase or cry of any person or body of persons. Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the Middle Ages, crimmins research suggests that brands are an extremely valuable corporate asset, and can make up a lot of a businesss total value. With this in mind, if we take into consideration Kellers research and these include, name, logo and slogan. Brands names and logos both can be changed by the way the receiver interprets them, therefore, the slogan has a large job in portraying the brand. Therefore, the slogan should create a sense of likability in order for the name to be likable. Dass, Kumar, Kohli, & Thomas research suggests there are certain factors that make up the likability of a slogan. The clarity of the message the brand is trying to encode within the slogan, the slogan emphasizes the benefit of the product or service it is portraying. The creativity of a slogan is another factor that had an effect on the likability of a slogan. Lastly, leaving the name out of the slogan will have a positive effect on the likability of the brand itself. The original usage refers to the usage as a clan motto among Highland clans, marketing slogans are often called taglines in the United States or straplines in the United Kingdom. Europeans use the terms baselines, signatures, claims or pay-offs, sloganeering is a mostly derogatory term for activity which degrades discourse to the level of slogans. Slogans are used to convey a message about the product, service or cause that it is representing and it can have a musical tone to it or written as a song. Slogans are often used to capture the attention of the audience it is trying to reach, if the slogan is used for commercial purposes, often it is written to be memorable/catchy in order for a consumer to associate the slogan with the product it is representing. A slogan is part of the aspect that helps create an image for the product
6.
Frequency
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Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as frequency, which emphasizes the contrast to spatial frequency. The period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event, for example, if a newborn babys heart beats at a frequency of 120 times a minute, its period—the time interval between beats—is half a second. Frequency is an important parameter used in science and engineering to specify the rate of oscillatory and vibratory phenomena, such as vibrations, audio signals, radio waves. For cyclical processes, such as rotation, oscillations, or waves, in physics and engineering disciplines, such as optics, acoustics, and radio, frequency is usually denoted by a Latin letter f or by the Greek letter ν or ν. For a simple motion, the relation between the frequency and the period T is given by f =1 T. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz, named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz, a previous name for this unit was cycles per second. The SI unit for period is the second, a traditional unit of measure used with rotating mechanical devices is revolutions per minute, abbreviated r/min or rpm. As a matter of convenience, longer and slower waves, such as ocean surface waves, short and fast waves, like audio and radio, are usually described by their frequency instead of period. Spatial frequency is analogous to temporal frequency, but the axis is replaced by one or more spatial displacement axes. Y = sin = sin d θ d x = k Wavenumber, in the case of more than one spatial dimension, wavenumber is a vector quantity. For periodic waves in nondispersive media, frequency has a relationship to the wavelength. Even in dispersive media, the frequency f of a wave is equal to the phase velocity v of the wave divided by the wavelength λ of the wave. In the special case of electromagnetic waves moving through a vacuum, then v = c, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and this expression becomes, f = c λ. When waves from a monochrome source travel from one medium to another, their remains the same—only their wavelength. For example, if 71 events occur within 15 seconds the frequency is, the latter method introduces a random error into the count of between zero and one count, so on average half a count. This is called gating error and causes an error in the calculated frequency of Δf = 1/, or a fractional error of Δf / f = 1/ where Tm is the timing interval. This error decreases with frequency, so it is a problem at low frequencies where the number of counts N is small, an older method of measuring the frequency of rotating or vibrating objects is to use a stroboscope
7.
Hertz
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The hertz is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units and is defined as one cycle per second. It is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, the first person to provide proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz are commonly expressed in SI multiples kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz, kilo means thousand, mega meaning million, giga meaning billion and tera for trillion. Some of the units most common uses are in the description of waves and musical tones, particularly those used in radio-. It is also used to describe the speeds at which computers, the hertz is equivalent to cycles per second, i. e. 1/second or s −1. In English, hertz is also used as the plural form, as an SI unit, Hz can be prefixed, commonly used multiples are kHz, MHz, GHz and THz. One hertz simply means one cycle per second,100 Hz means one hundred cycles per second, and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at 1 Hz, the rate of aperiodic or stochastic events occur is expressed in reciprocal second or inverse second in general or, the specific case of radioactive decay, becquerels. Whereas 1 Hz is 1 cycle per second,1 Bq is 1 aperiodic radionuclide event per second, the conversion between a frequency f measured in hertz and an angular velocity ω measured in radians per second is ω =2 π f and f = ω2 π. This SI unit is named after Heinrich Hertz, as with every International System of Units unit named for a person, the first letter of its symbol is upper case. Note that degree Celsius conforms to this rule because the d is lowercase. — Based on The International System of Units, the hertz is named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz, who made important scientific contributions to the study of electromagnetism. The name was established by the International Electrotechnical Commission in 1930, the term cycles per second was largely replaced by hertz by the 1970s. One hobby magazine, Electronics Illustrated, declared their intention to stick with the traditional kc. Mc. etc. units, sound is a traveling longitudinal wave which is an oscillation of pressure. Humans perceive frequency of waves as pitch. Each musical note corresponds to a frequency which can be measured in hertz. An infants ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, the range of ultrasound, infrasound and other physical vibrations such as molecular and atomic vibrations extends from a few femtoHz into the terahertz range and beyond. Electromagnetic radiation is described by its frequency—the number of oscillations of the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields per second—expressed in hertz. Radio frequency radiation is measured in kilohertz, megahertz, or gigahertz
8.
Repeater
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In telecommunications, a repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it. Repeaters are used to extend transmissions so that the signal can cover distances or be received on the other side of an obstruction. Some types of repeaters broadcast a signal, but alter its method of transmission, for example. A broadcast relay station is a used in broadcast radio. When an information-bearing signal passes through a channel, it is progressively degraded due to loss of power. The longer the wire is, the power is lost. So with a long enough wire the call will not be audible at the other end, similarly, the farther from a radio station a receiver is, the weaker the radio signal, and the poorer the reception. A repeater is a device in a communication channel that increases the power of a signal and retransmits it. Since it amplifies the signal, it requires a source of electric power, the term repeater originated with telegraphy in the 19th century, and referred to an electromechanical device used to regenerate telegraph signals. Use of the term has continued in telephony and data communications and this is used to increase the range of telephone signals in a telephone line. They are most frequently used in trunklines that carry long distance calls, since the telephone is a duplex communication system, the wire pair carries two audio signals, one going in each direction. So telephone repeaters have to be bilateral, amplifying the signal in both directions without causing feedback, which complicates their design considerably, telephone repeaters were the first type of repeater and were some of the first applications of amplification. The development of telephone repeaters between 1900 and 1915 made long distance phone service possible, however most telecommunications cables are now fiber optic cables which use optical repeaters. Submarine cable repeater This is a type of telephone used in underwater submarine telecommunications cables. This is used to increase the range of signals in a fiber optic cable, digital information travels through a fiber optic cable in the form of short pulses of light. The light is made up of particles called photons, which can be absorbed or scattered in the fiber, however, optical amplifiers are being developed for repeaters to amplify the light itself without the need of converting it to an electric signal first. Some repeaters have been powered by light energy transmitted down the fiber with the signal and this is used to extend the range of coverage of a radio signal. A radio repeater usually consists of a receiver connected to a radio transmitter
9.
Call sign
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In broadcasting and radio communications, a call sign is a unique designation for a transmitter station. In North America, they are used for all FCC licensed transmitters, a call sign can be formally assigned by a government agency, informally adopted by individuals or organizations, or even cryptographically encoded to disguise a stations identity. The use of signs as unique identifiers dates to the landline railroad telegraph system. Because there was only one line linking all railroad stations. In order to time, two-letter identifiers were adopted for this purpose. This pattern continued in operation, radio companies initially assigned two-letter identifiers to coastal stations and stations aboard ships at sea. These were not globally unique, so a company identifier was later added. Merchant and naval vessels are assigned call signs by their national licensing authorities, in the case of states such as Liberia or Panama, which are flags of convenience for ship registration, call signs for larger vessels consist of the national prefix plus three letters. United States merchant vessels are given call signs beginning with the letters W or K while US naval ships are assigned callsigns beginning with N, leisure craft with VHF radios may not be assigned call signs, in which case the name of the vessel is used instead. Ships in the US wishing to have a radio licence anyway are under F. C. C, class SA, Ship recreational or voluntarily equipped. Those calls follow the land mobile format of the initial letter K or W followed by 1 or 2 letters followed by 3 or 4 numbers. U. S. Coast Guard small boats have a number that is shown on both bows in which the first two digits indicate the length of the boat in feet. For example, Coast Guard 47021 refers to the 21st in the series of 47 foot motor lifeboats, the call sign might be abbreviated to the final two or three numbers during operations, for example, Coast Guard zero two one. Call signs in aviation are derived from several different policies, depending upon the type of flight operation, in most countries, unscheduled general aviation flights identify themselves using the call sign corresponding to the aircrafts registration number. In this case, the sign is spoken using the International Civil Aviation Organization phonetic alphabet. Aircraft registration numbers internationally follow the pattern of a country prefix, for example, an aircraft registered as N978CP conducting a general aviation flight would use the call sign November-niner-seven-eight-Charlie-Papa. However, in the United States a pilot of an aircraft would normally omit saying November, at times, general aviation pilots might omit additional preceding numbers and use only the last three numbers and letters. This is especially true at uncontrolled fields when reporting traffic pattern positions, for example, Skyhawk eight-Charlie-Papa, left base
10.
CBS News Radio
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CBS Radio News, historically known as the CBS Radio Network, provides news to more than 1,000 radio stations throughout the United States. The network is owned by CBS Corporation, it is the last of the three original national U. S. radio networks owned by its parent company. CBS Radio News is one of the programming services distributed by Westwood One, the network is the oldest unit of the CBS Corporation and traces its roots to CBSs predecessor, United Independent Broadcasters, founded in 1927 with 47 affiliates. The next year, Columbia Records invested in the radio network, eventually, Columbia pulled its backing from the struggling web. William S. Paley bought a half-interest in what became the Columbia Broadcasting System in 1928, for more about the networks history, see CBS. Louis, KRLD in Dallas and WCCO in Minneapolis and its offerings include the top-of-the-hour newscasts and the half-hour news updates. In addition to the product, reports and actualities are made available to affiliates on its Newsfeeds. Newsfeeds are subscribed heavily to by WCBS, KYW and other top outlets, among its on-air programs are the CBS News-on-the-Hour and the morning Osgood File features with Charles Osgood. The network is home to the morning and evening editions of the CBS World News Roundup, steve Kathan anchors the morning show, while Bill Whitney hosts the evening edition. The daily Roundup dates back to a special on March 13,1938, each Friday, the network also produces the CBS News Weekend Roundup, a look at the top stories of the week, hosted by Dan Raviv, with a commentary from Charles Grodin. CBS Radio has an impressive list of reporters around the world including Barry Bagnato, Mark Knoller, Pam Coulter, Sabina Castelfranco, Robert Berger, Cami McCormick, Logan also reports for CBS Television, and many TV correspondents also appear on CBS Radio newscasts. In 2009, CBS launched a late night talk program hosted by Jon Grayson. CBS themselves handle the syndication of Graysons show, while syndication for Smerconishs show to non-CBS stations has been outsourced to Dial Global. Graysons show, Overnight America, also entered national syndication via Dial Global on January 30,2012, meanwhile, Smerconish discontinued the morning show in 2011. Three of CBSs television programs are currently simulcast on CBS Radio News, those are Face the Nation,60 Minutes, in addition, the Late Show with David Letterman Top Ten List was also broadcast by the network in a short-form-feature format until the shows conclusion in 2015. Other public-affairs features include CBS Healthwatch with Dr. Emily Senay, Raising Our Kids with WCBS morning anchor Pat Carroll, CBS has since announced plans to launch CBS Sports Radio in fall 2012 through a rival network, Cumulus Media Networks. During the overnight hours, CBSN carries a video simulcast of CBS Radio Newss top-of-the-hour reports, while the networks World News Roundup is the longest-running news show on radio or TV in the U. S. On February 2,2017, CBS Corporation announced that it had agreed to sell its radio unit with Entercom and it was not specified whether or not CBS Radio News was included in the sale
11.
Associated Press
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The Associated Press is an American multinational nonprofit news agency headquartered in New York City that operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association. The AP is owned by its contributing newspapers and radio and television stations in the United States, all of which stories to the AP. Most of the AP staff are members and are represented by the Newspaper Guild, which operates under the Communications Workers of America. As of 2007, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,700 newspapers, in addition to more than 5,000 television, the photograph library of the AP consists of over 10 million images. The AP operates 243 news bureaus in 120 countries and it also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice hourly for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, as part of their cooperative agreement with the AP, most member news organizations grant automatic permission for the AP to distribute their local news reports. The AP employs the inverted pyramid formula for writing that enables the news outlets to edit a story to fit its available publication area without losing the storys essentials. Cutbacks at rival United Press International in 1993 left the AP as the United States primary news service, although UPI still produces and distributes stories and photos daily. Other English-language news services, such as the BBC, Reuters, some historians believe that the Tribune joined at this time, documents show it was a member in 1849. The New York Times became a member shortly after its founding in September 1851, initially known as the New York Associated Press, the organization faced competition from the Western Associated Press, which criticized its monopolistic news gathering and price setting practices. The revelations led to the demise of the NYAP and in December 1892, when the AP was founded, news became a salable commodity. The invention of the press allowed the New York Tribune in the 1870s to print 18,000 papers per hour. During the Civil War and Spanish–American War, there was a new incentive to print vivid, Melville Stone, who had founded the Chicago Daily News in 1875, served as AP General Manager from 1893 to 1921. He embraced the standards of accuracy, impartiality, and integrity, the cooperative grew rapidly under the leadership of Kent Cooper, who built up bureau staff in South America, Europe and, the Middle East. He introduced the telegraph typewriter or teletypewriter into newsrooms in 1914, in 1935, AP launched the Wirephoto network, which allowed transmission of news photographs over leased private telephone lines on the day they were taken. This gave AP a major advantage over other media outlets. While the first network was only between New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, eventually AP had its network across the whole United States, in 1945, the Supreme Court of the United States held in Associated Press v. The decision facilitated the growth of its main rival United Press International, AP entered the broadcast field in 1941 when it began distributing news to radio stations, it created its own radio network in 1974
12.
Motor Racing Network
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The Motor Racing Network is the principal radio broadcasting operation of the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, promoting themselves as the Voice of NASCAR. MRN was founded in 1970 by William H. G, “Big Bill” France and broadcaster Ken Squier. Its first broadcast was the 1970 Daytona 500 and it also has exclusive coverage of the entire NASCAR Camping World Truck Series schedule. Other NSCS and NXS races are held at tracks owned by Speedway Motorsports, Inc. both SMI and IMS have their own radio networks, unrelated except for the appearance of Doug Rice on IndyCar Radio during coverage of the Brickyard 400. The Sprint Showdown qualifying race and NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race are also broadcast on MRN, despite being held at Charlotte Motor Speedway, many stations have affiliations with both MRN and PRN in order to air a full NASCAR schedule. Broadcasts of Sprint Cup and Formula One races receive MRNs highest ratings, audiences for the Xfinity and Camping World Truck series are considerably smaller, and hence lower station clearance. Some MRN affiliates broadcast all three series, but the series may be preempted by other events. While MRNs primary role is doing radio broadcasts of NASCAR races and they also stream the programs on their website. Three MRN announcers also host daily call-in shows on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio channel 90 year round, Mike Bagley and Pete Pistone co-host The Morning Drive Monday through Friday from 7,00 to 11,00 a. m. Dave Moody hosts Sirius XM Speedway from 3,00 to 7,00 p. m. Monday through Friday and this changed on January 1,2007 when MRNs Barney Hall announced the launch of Sirius XM NASCAR Radio on Sirius XM. Rusty Wallace Kurt Becker When Keeneland is not in season, joe Nemechek-Booth for select truck races. Dave Moody Dave Moody primarily works turns 1 and 2 at most tracks, the backstretch at the tracks, turn 1 at Pocono. When the Truck and Cup Series share a weekend at an SMI venue, the only time on the schedule this occurs is in September at New Hampshire. Both men also work these same positions for the Xfinity and Truck Series when they share the track and weekend with the Sprint Cup Series as well as standalone Xfinity. Kyle Rickey Kurt Becker Dan Hubbard Buddy Long Jason Toy Dillon Welch Winston Kelley Alex Hayden Steve Post, kim Coon Woody Cain Glenn Jarrett Pete Pistone Tony Rizzuti Fred Armstrong. Rick Benjamin Allen Bestwick (Turn announcer 1988-95, lead booth announcer 1996-2000, bob Jenkins Dustin Long Mike Massaro
13.
Performance Racing Network
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The Performance Racing Network is a radio network controlled by Speedway Motorsports. This is in contrast to other NASCAR events, which are broadcast by ISC-controlled Motor Racing Network, PRN and MRN on most occasions share the same radio affiliates in order to broadcast a complete NASCAR schedule. All PRN shows with the exception of the pre and post race shows originate from Performance Racing Networks studios at Charlotte Motor Speedway, all PRN race broadcasts are available via the NASCAR Radio channel on SiriusXM via both Sirius Satellite radio and XM Radios Best of Sirius package. Fast Talk is also carried on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio on Wednesdays at 10,00 p. m. Eastern time, Fast Talk, The OReilly Pit Reporters and Garage Pass can all be heard online at goprn. com. PRNs schedule includes the following, Fast Talk, Doug Rice hosts the show with a rotating host, the driver co-hosts include Kyle Petty, Jeff Hammond and Hermie Sadler. The rotating host format was adopted after the death of Benny Parsons and it is a call-in show that airs Mondays at 7,00 p. m. Eastern time. Fast Talk is heard on 220 stations, fifty-two weeks a year, Fast Talk is also live video streamed and can be viewed at goprn. com. Garage Pass, Mark Garrow and Steve Richards anchor this four-minute NASCAR news program, Garage Pass is heard on 450 stations across the USA. The program was created by Garrow in 1986 under the name Winston Cup USA, in 1987, Garrow partnered with Capitol Sports Network in Raleigh, North Carolina to network and sell the program. The name was changed to Winston Cup Today and grew to approximately 480 stations at its peak, Richards produced the program, served as substitute host and covered the majority of the scheduled NASCAR events. Midway into the 1999 season the show was ended by Capitol Broadcasting when NASCAR demanded rights fees for the use of audio originating from the racetrack, in 2000, Garrow partnered with Performance Racing Network as the show was resurrected and renamed Garagepass as the rights fee issue was settled. 2011 marked the 25th year Mark Garrow has produced a daily NASCAR news program, Steve Richards, who began his radio career in 1977, has been covering the sport on a full-time basis for about 15 years, and before that on a part-time basis from 1985. He also covered Duke, NC State and University of North Carolina basketball and football from 1986 until the mid-nineties for WRAL-FM, Richards produced and anchored the scoreboard shows on the Duke and NC State football networks. OReilly Auto Parts Pit Reporters, Brett McMillan hosts a show with journalists discussing the issues of the week in NASCAR Racing. Other forms of racing are occasionally talked about if the news is important enough, zMax Racing Country, A weekly, two-hour country music-oriented program hosted by WKKT morning disc jockey Paul Schadt along with Cathy Martindale, with news from both country music and NASCAR. Top country artists and NASCAR drivers are featured in interviews as are a rundown of the popular country songs. The program dates back to 1989 and was known as NASCAR Country before losing the rights to the NASCAR name circa 2000. Its slogan is the two fastest hours on the radio, brad Gillie co-hosts a late night call-in show on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio called Late-Shift Monday and Tuesday nights from 7,00 to 10,00 p. m. Eastern time
14.
WBBB
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WBBB, is an adult hits radio station based in Raleigh, North Carolina, owned by Curtis Media Group. Its studios are located in Raleigh, and the tower is near Garner close to Lake Wheeler. The station was signed on in 1949 by the Raleigh News, the stations were sold to Sir Walter Television effective February 13,1953. In 1959 the station became WKIX-FM, simulcasting much of sister AM WKIXs top 40 format and this move was out of necessity as WKIX-AMs 10 kW signal was powered down to a directional 5 kW at night, preventing the station from having full area coverage. In 1972, WKIX-FM changed format to easy listening WYYD, the station became a satellite MOR station in 1983 and two years later changed its letters to WYLT, playing soft adult contemporary music. In 1992, WYLT had a show called Saturday Night Fever airing on Saturday evenings. E. M. Several area college radio stations played alternative music, but WYLT was a station and had a stronger signal. WYLT started 1994 by stunting as W-Garth, playing only Garth Brooks, on January 5, WYLT traded call letters with WKIX, both stations were owned by Alchemy Communications. The FM station switched to country as a result of the popularity of WQDR-FM. General manager Rennold Madrazo described the new sound as very hot, high energy and uptempo, with promotions and targeting yuppies. The result was a decline in ratings, followed by a slight increase, when the station switched to mainstream rock on January 28,1998, the WBBB letters were taken from a Burlington, North Carolina radio station at 920 AM. WBBB was called Real Rock, 96rock then transitioned to The Rock Station and they later dropped the first half of their name and became known simply as 96rock and went by the motto Everything That Rocks. On November 21,2011, at midnight, WBBB flipped to Adult Hits as Radio 96.1, More Music, Less Blah, Blah, Blah, playing music from the 1970s-2000s. The final song on 96Rock was Wild Side by Mötley Crüe, in June 2012, Radio 96.1 became the highest rated radio station amongst adults aged 25–54 in the Raleigh-Durham Arbitron market. On April 3rd,2017, WBBB rebranded as 96.1 BBB, no other changes are expected at this time. Radio 96.1 Facebook page Radio 96.1 Twitter page Query the FCCs FM station database for WBBB Radio-Locator information on WBBB Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WBBB
15.
WKIX-FM
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WKIX-FM is a classic hits formatted radio station located in Raleigh, North Carolina, that plays hit music from the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s as KIX102.9, Carolinas Greatest Hits. Its studios are located in Raleigh, and the tower is in Cary. The station began operating in 1998 under the call letters WWND-FM and this setup was very similar in nature to one carried out by another station, WNND-FM103.9 from 1990 to 1996. In February 2001, the station began an all-1980s format as Star 102.9, with new call letters, WWMY, following shortly thereafter. Goldsboro country station WKIX96.9 soon joined the new WWMY in a simulcast as WYMY, over the next two years, Star attempted to tweak its format by becoming a Hot AC hybrid. for a brief time before switching to a classic hits format. It was during this time that the station carried the syndicated Bob and Sheri morning show, which did not go over well because it often got confused with the Bill & Sheri show on competitor WRAL-FM. The Star-FM simulcast broke off in 2003 when WYMY became a Spanish-speaking station known as La Ley.9, which billed itself as The Home of Motown, Soul, the musical focus then shifted on hits from the 1960s and 1970s. On February 1,2007, WWMY began a simulcast with Goldsboro station WWNF102.3, WWNF and WKIX had swapped call letters a month prior to the move. This was the first of a series of changes for 102.3 FM, WKIX and WWMY swapped letters early in 2010. As a result, the station dropped its Y102.9 moniker, in the process, the 80s tunes that had been on Star-FM previously were added back to the playlist, along with the occasional lost oldie from the pre-1964 era. WWMY ended its simulcast with WKIX-FM on October 23,2010 and began stunting with future simulcast partner WKXU, on January 8,2014, Curtis Media announced that it purchased WKIX from McClatchey. WKIX would operate under a TMA with a new company to be run by Donna Curtis McClatchey, the sale to Curtis Medias FM102.9 LLC, at a price of $1.229 million, was consummated on December 1,2014. WKIX-FM began broadcasting football and basketball games for the Duke Blue Devils, in 2010 after picking up the package from former WRBZ and this continued until 2015, when Duke flagship station WDNC added FM signals to cover the Triangle area. The first station to be called WKIX was WISW in Columbia, WKIX-FM official website RDU Radio Waves - WWMY Query the FCCs FM station database for WKIX Radio-Locator information on WKIX Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WKIX
16.
WPTK
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WPTK is a radio station broadcasting an oldies format. Licensed to Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, the serves the Research Triangle. The station is owned by Curtis Media Group. Its studios are located in Raleigh, and the site is in Cary near its border with Morrisville. The station uses Just Right Radio to describe itself and uses the slogan Not too hard, WNAO signed on in 1947, owned by the News and Observer newspaper. As of 1948, WNAO was an ABC radio affiliate, sir Walter Television purchased the stations from the newspaper effective February 13,1953. The Raleigh-Durham markets first TV station, WNAO-TV, channel 28, signed on in 1953, the AM and FM radio stations were sold to an independent broadcaster, Ted Oberfelter, who changed the call letters to WKIX and WKIX-FM to avoid the association with the newspaper. In 1958, Hugh Holder, a former CBS announcer, bought the radio stations, Holder changed the format from easy listening to top 40, serving the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill market. Known as WKIX, Channel 85, The Giant of the South, and The Mighty 850, chief Engineer, Larry Gardner was responsible for many technical innovations that provided the distinctive WKIX sound. Following the Holder years, WKIX and WKIX-FM were owned by Belk Broadcasting, Southern Broadcasting, previously, the FM signal had mostly duplicated WKIXs programming, getting a boost from the rising popularity of FM and also providing improved full-time coverage of the entire Raleigh-Durham market. As FM became more dominant, the WKIX-FM call sign was changed to WYYD, power was increased to 100,000 watts, paul McGonagal, Doug Limerick of ABC Radio News and others. The format was called 20/20 news, with a summary at 20 past the hour and this proved effective since most other stations had news at the top of the hour, bottom of the hour or at 55 past the hour. WKIX changed format to Country in the summer of 1981, featuring such personalities as Joe Wade Formicola, WKIX became the first significant country station in the Raleigh market, but with competitive pressures it changed to an oldies format in 1986. From 1990 to 1995 the format was adult standards with some talk shows. The call sign changed to WYLT in 1994 when the FM station, also owned by Alchemy Communications, the station went all-talk in 1995 as WRBZ, for its 850 The Buzz branding, but gradually added more sports programming before becoming an all-sports radio station in April 1998. For six years, The Buzz was an ESPN Radio affiliate, when ESPN insisted that The Buzz carry its shows instead of local programming, The Buzz changed to Fox Sports Radio effective August 1,2005. Jim Romes weekday afternoon show and network programming from Fox Sports Radio on weekend afternoons, sunday mornings the station aired another local show, Computers 2K Now w/ Amnon Nissan. The Don Imus morning show aired on WRBZ from the time the station switched to sports until the Rutgers University controversy that caused CBS to drop his show
17.
WQDR-FM
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QDR presents a country music format and is currently owned by Curtis Media Group. Durham Life Insurance Company signed on WPTF-FM, then at 94.5 MHz, in 1949. The station, which would move to 94.7 MHz. Both stations were based in downtown Raleigh at 410 Salisbury Street, WPTF-FM aired a classical music format in the late 1960s and early 70s. WQDR was the child of Durham Life Broadcastings President and General Manager, Carl Venters who succeeded Richard Mason in June 1972. Venters had heard of Lee Abrams, a 19-year-old broadcaster who worked for ABC radios WRIF in Detroit, Venters convinced Abrams to come to Raleigh and create the Album Rock format he had developed but never put on the air. David Sousa was hired as program director, Sousa had worked with Lee Abrams at WMYQ in Miami, Florida. WQDR went on the air December 26,1972 at midnight, the last song on WPTF-FM was Jingle Bell Rock, while the first on WQDR was Bitch by the Rolling Stones. Within a year, the station had double-digit ratings, after that first year, the format took off, and soon was in over 30 markets around the country. Abramss big break came when he teamed up with veteran consultant Kent Burkhart, Abrams later developed the music formats for XM Satellite Radio. In its rock days, WQDR garnered some highly impressive listener ratings and this extensive and comprehensive investigative news series also reeled in an Ohio State Award and numerous other honors regionally and nationally. In 1977, the Durham Life group added a television station, WQDR would soon join the newly rechristened WPTF-TV from a 1, 200-foot tower that stood off Penny Road in Apex. Despite continued success into the 1980s, rock music on WQDR was not part of Durham Life Insurance Companys plan for WQDR, Venters left to form Voyager Communications group in 1982. In the summer of 1984, Durham Life Broadcasting under Don Curtis management announced plans to switch WQDRs format to country in September and this predictably set off a howl of protest from listeners, and added media coverage for the station and its staffers. WQDR ended its Rock format run exactly how it began 12 years earlier, the running joke at the time was that WQDR stood for We Quit Doing Rock. WRDU picked up the format and rock continued in the Raleigh-Durham market, both stations enjoyed great success in the following years. WQDRs switch to country brought a format formerly found on a smattering of local AM signals under one high-fidelity commercial FM umbrella. On December 10,1989, WPTF-TV, broadcasting from a 2, 000-foot antenna near Garner, WPTF-TV returned to their former Apex site with WQDR, to be joined by WRAL-FM, whose site on the WRAL-TV tower was also destroyed that same day
18.
WKJO (FM)
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WKJO is a radio station licensed to Smithfield, North Carolina. The station is owned by Richard Heilmann, Sr. through licensee Triangle Marketing Associates and its studios are located in Raleigh, and the transmitter tower is north of Smithfield and south of Clayton. WOKN was urban contemporary before picking up the WEQR letters and adult contemporary format of what is now WWPL in 1990, WEQR simulcast WEQQ in Pinetops with a hot adult contemporary format and the name The Double Q. Beasley Broadcast Group sold WEQR to Curtis Media in the mid-1990s, WEQQ became WKTC in 1998 and WEQR continued with the format until 2001, when the station began simulcasting WKXU, the country music format and WKIX letters moved from 96.9 FM. Branding during this time included Kicks 102.3 and Country 102, the station swapped call letters with 97.7 FM in Kinston in 2006, becoming WWNF. The country music format moved to 97.7 FM. WWNF assumed the WKIX call letters once again late in 2008, in early 2010, WKIX and WWMY swapped call letters and 102.3 FM planned to transmit a new format from a new tower site on Little Creek Church Road near Clayton in Johnston County. On October 27, WWMY became WWPL, and WKXU became WPLW, on October 31, the stunting ended and both stations debuted their new rhythmic contemporary format as Pulse 102. The format is described as sort of the hip-hop and R&B that has crossed over into Top 40, the stations debuted playing 10,000 songs in a row and promised fewer commercials than other stations. Artists include Lady Gaga, Enrique Iglesias and Ke$ha, by October 2011, WPLW & WWPL were both added to the Mediabase contemporary hit radio panel. On September 3,2014, the Pulse format moved from WWPL to sister station WBZJ. On September 12,2014 WWPL changed their call letters to WFNL-FM as the station ended its Pulse FM simulcast, at that time, the WWPL calls moved to 96.9. On September 26,2014 WFNL-FM ended stunting and launched a bluegrass format, the format launch came days before Raleigh hosted the International Bluegrass Music Association convention and music festival, better known as World of Bluegrass 2014. Though intended to be a placeholder, the format was kept. On December 1,2014, WFNL-FM went silent as it was in the process of changing studio locations, new owner Triangle Marketing Associates planned to debut a format intended to serve Johnston County. On January 2,2015, Country Superstars 102.3 made its debut, on January 23,2015, WFNL-FM changed their call letters to WKJO. Country Superstars 102.3 website RDU Radio Waves - WWMY Query the FCCs FM station database for WKJO Radio-Locator information on WKJO Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WKJO
19.
WWPL
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WWPL is a contemporary hits radio station licensed to Goldsboro, North Carolina, which is east of the Raleigh-Durham Triangle. The station is owned by Curtis Media Group and its studios are located in Raleigh, and the transmitter tower is near Princeton, North Carolina. Originally WGBR-FM at 99.7 FM and then 93.3 FM and it switched its call letters to WEQR in 1950. In 1989, Curtis Media Group bought the station and moved the music format. The WEQR letters and hot adult contemporary format went to the former WOKN at 102.3 FM, katie Country existed at 96.9 until January 9,1998. The 96.9 frequency was given the WKIX calls from what is now WBBB. This station also ran a format, simulcasting with WKXU in Burlington as Kix 96.9 and 101.1. This station simulcast WWMY from 2001 to 2003 as an 80s station until it changed its format, when WYMY switched to regional Mexican and the name La Ley 96.9 in 2003, it was the strongest FM Spanish-language station in the Southeastern United States. On April 3,2012, WYMY began a simulcast on WZTK,101.1 FM in Burlington, North Carolina, which lasted until January 3,2013. On January 3,2013 at 12, 00am, WYMY changed their format to adult contemporary, branded as 96.9 BZJ under new call letters. The radio station carried the nationally syndicated Steve Harvey Morning Show, on March 11,2014 WBZJ changed their format back to regional Mexican, once again branded as La Ley 96.9 and simulcasting WYMY. On September 3,2014, WBZJ changed their format to CHR, on September 11, WBZJ changed their call letters to WWPL to go with the Pulse FM branding, as the former WWPL on 102.3 changed its calls to WFNL-FM. WYMY history Query the FCCs FM station database for WWPL Radio-Locator information on WWPL Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WWPL
20.
Webcast
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A webcast is a media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand, essentially, webcasting is broadcasting over the Internet. The largest webcasters include existing radio and TV stations, who simulcast their output through online TV or online radio streaming, Webcasting usually consists of providing non-interactive linear streams or events. Rights and licensing bodies offer specific webcasting licenses to those wishing to carry out Internet broadcasting using copyrighted material, Webcasting is used extensively in the commercial sector for investor relations presentations, in e-learning, and for related communications activities. However, webcasting does not bear much, if any, relationship to web conferencing, the ability to webcast using cheap/accessible technology has allowed independent media to flourish. There are many notable independent shows that broadcast regularly online, often produced by average citizens in their homes they cover many interests and topics. Webcasts relating to computers, technology, and news are particularly popular, Webcasting differs from podcasting in that webcasting refers to live streaming while podcasting simply refers to media files placed on the Internet. Webcasting is the distribution of media files through the internet, pakman from Apple, they launched the Macintosh New York Music Festival from July 17–22,1995. This event audio webcast concerts from more than 15 clubs in New York City, Apple later webcast a concert by Metallica on June 10,1996 live from Slims in San Francisco. In 1995, Benford E. Standley produced one of the first audio/video webcasts in history, on August 13,1998, it is generally believed the first webcast wedding took place, between Alan Knecht and Carrie Silverman in Toronto Canada. The live signal was broadcast via satellite to PA, then encoded and streamed via the BGEA website, the first teleconferenced/webcast wedding to date is believed to have occurred on December 31,1998. Dale Ficken and Lorrie Scarangella wed on this date as they stood in a church in Pennsylvania, on November 4,1994, Stef van der Ziel distributed the first live video images over the web from the Simplon venue in Groningen. On November 7,1994, WXYC, the radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill became the first radio station in the world to broadcast its signal over the internet. Translated versions including Subtitling are now possible using SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, a wedcast is a webcast of a wedding. It allows family and friends of the couple to watch the wedding in time on the Internet. Webcasting a funeral is also a service provided by funeral homes. Although it has been around for a decade, cheaper broadband, the strain of travel. International Webcasting Association Media clip Podcast Streaming media Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language Video blog Web radio Webisode Webinar PR Newswire
21.
AM broadcasting
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AM broadcasting is the process of radio broadcasting using amplitude modulation. AM was the first method of impressing sound on a signal and is still widely used today. Commercial and public AM broadcasting is authorized in the wave band worldwide. Commercial AM broadcasting developed from amateur broadcasts around 1920, and was the commercially important form of radio broadcasting until FM broadcasting began after World War II. This period is known as the Golden Age of Radio, today, AM competes with FM, as well as with various digital radio broadcasting services distributed from terrestrial and satellite transmitters. AM broadcasting was the first broadcasting technology invented, the technology of amplitude modulation radio transmission was developed between 1900 and 1920. This was used for private communication and message traffic, such as telegrams. The entrepreneurs who developed AM radiotelephone transmission did not anticipate broadcasting voice, the term broadcasting, borrowed from agriculture, was applied to this new activity around 1920. Prior to 1920 there was no concept of broadcasting, or that radio listeners could be a market for entertainment. Although there were a number of broadcasts during this period. True radio broadcasting didnt begin until around 1920, when it sprang up spontaneously among amateur stations, AM remained the dominant method of broadcasting for the next 30 years, a period called the Golden Age of Radio, until FM broadcasting started to become widespread in the 1950s. AM remains a popular, profitable entertainment medium today and the dominant form of broadcasting in some such as Australia. The first AM voice transmission was made by Canadian researcher Reginald Fessenden on 23 December 1900, Fessenden is a significant figure in the development of AM radio. He helped develop one of the first – the Alexanderson alternator, the first practical continuous wave AM transmitters were based on versions of the Poulsen arc transmitter invented in 1903, and the huge, expensive Alexanderson alternator, developed 1906–1910. The modifications necessary to transmit AM were clumsy and resulted in low audio quality. Modulation was usually accomplished by a carbon microphone inserted directly in the antenna wire, the limited power handling ability of the microphone severely limited the power of the first radiotelephones, in powerful transmitters water-cooled microphones had to be used. At the receiving end, the crystal radio receivers then in use could not drive loudspeakers, only earphones. The discovery in 1912 of the ability of the Audion vacuum tube, invented in 1906 by Lee De Forest
22.
Cary, North Carolina
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Cary /ˈkæri/ is the seventh largest municipality in North Carolina. Cary is in Wake and Chatham counties in the U. S. state of North Carolina, located almost entirely in Wake County, it is the second largest municipality in that county and the third largest municipality in The Triangle after Raleigh and Durham. The towns population was 135,234 as of the 2010 census, making it the largest town, the U. S. Census Bureau estimates the towns population to be 159,769 as of July 1,2015. Cary is currently the second most populous incorporated town in the United States, according to the US Census Bureau, Cary was the 5th fastest growing municipality in the United States between September 1,2006, and September 1,2007. Cary is often considered one of the safest places to live in the US, Charlotte, the largest city in North Carolina, has a violent crime rate of 648 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, almost 8 times higher than Cary. Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill make up the three primary areas of the Research Triangle metropolitan region even though today Cary is the 3rd largest municipality in the metropolitan area. The regional nickname of The Triangle originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park, primarily located in Durham County and this resulted in the formation of the Raleigh-Cary, NC Metro Area and the Durham-Chapel Hill, NC Metro Area. The Research Triangle region encompasses OMBs Combined Statistical Area of Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill in the central Piedmont region of North Carolina, as of 2012, the population of the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill CSA was 1,998,808. The Raleigh-Cary Metropolitan Statistical Area as of Census 2010 was 1,130,490, located in the Piedmont region of the eastern United States, Cary is near North Carolinas Research Triangle. It is edged on the north and east by Raleigh, on the north and west by Research Triangle Park and Morrisville, on the south by Apex and Holly Springs, the town is hilly, with much of the undeveloped land covered in dense woods. Several creeks and small lakes dot the area, most notably Lake Crabtree in the north, nearly all of Cary is in western Wake County, with neighborhood-sized sections in the northeast corner of Chatham County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 43.5 square miles. 42.1 square miles of it is land and 1.4 square miles of it is water, more recent Cary records show that as of 2010 the town has a total area of 55.34 mi². Cary has a subtropical climate under the Köppen climate classification system. It receives hot summers and mildly cold winters, with months of pleasant weather each year. Temperature extremes here range from the negatives to over 100 degrees Fahrenheit, hurricanes and tropical storms can affect Cary, usually after weakening substantially from being over land. Some, such as Hurricane Fran in 1996, have caused damage in the area. Snow falls every year, averaging around 6 inches annually, Cary is divided into distinct east and west sections
23.
Red Eye Radio
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Red Eye Radio is a talk radio program currently hosted by Eric Harley and Gary McNamara. The program is syndicated nationwide by Westwood One and originates from WBAP in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, the show traces its history through several predecessors, beginning with Bill Macks overnight truck show in 1969. Bill Mack was the founder of WBAPs overnight program, the U. S.1 Trucking Show, Mack started the show in 1969. The show, as the implied, was geared toward the American truck driver. The show briefly attempted an excursion into Mexico on border blaster XERF, eventually, the shows name changed to the Midnight Cowboy Radio Network and was syndicated by ABC Radio, who carefully selected the affiliates to give maximum coverage of the country. Mack left the show to join the Open Road channel on XM Satellite Radio, after Macks departure, ABC changed the name of the show to Midnight Trucking Radio Network. The network tapped WBAP producer Eric Harley, along with Joe Kelley, in addition to Macks old network, MTRN absorbed Dave Nemos old The Road Gang network when Nemo left for XM as well. ABC turned over syndication of the program to Jones Radio Networks in 2005, Jones turned to Gary McNamara, a conservative talk radio host, to fill Kelleys seat. With the change in focus from solely truckers to a general purpose program. Under Jones, the number of affiliates grew from about a dozen stations, mostly 50, 000-watt clear-channel flamethrowers, - front the network, which claims to reach all 48 contiguous states plus Hawaii. The show now broadcasts on XM Satellite Radio after a long run on Sirius Satellite Radio ended in 2007. With the change, the Midnight Radio Network joined former host Bill Mack along with Dale Sommers, by 2007, many references to Midnight Trucking had returned to the show, and by early 2009, to celebrate the shows 40th anniversary, it reverted to the Midnight Trucking name. In April 2008, parent syndicator Jones Radio Networks was sold to Triton Media Group, some changes were made in the months following. One of the first was the removal of the show from satellite radio, as a result of the reorganization, the show also gained several major market affiliates, including New York City and Los Angeles, where Red Eye Radio had established itself. On December 21,2012, just before the first anniversary of the Harley-McNamara version of the show, the show runs five hours each night, from midnight to 5 am Central Time. Harley and McNamara primarily address issues with callers, most commonly promoting libertarian. The show is available seven days a week, but usually a best of program airs on weekends
24.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
25.
WRDC
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WRDC, channel 28, is a MyNetworkTV-affiliated television station that is licensed to Durham, North Carolina, United States and serves North Carolinas Triangle region. The station is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group, as part of a duopoly with CW affiliate WLFL, the stations studios are located in the Highwoods Office Park, just outside downtown Raleigh, and its transmitter is located in Auburn, North Carolina. WRDC is carried on cable channel 12 in Raleigh, Durham, Chapel Hill, Fayetteville and most of their suburbs, and channel 10 in Cary, Garner, Clayton, Smithfield, on Spectrum, WRDC is shown on digital channel 1215. In July 1952, Sir Walter Television Co. applied for WETV, in October, the Federal Communications Commission approved the request. On February 13,1953, Sir Walter completed the purchase of WNAO radio from the owners of The News & Observer, the expected sign-on date was April 27, but the new station experienced numerous delays in getting transmitter equipment. On July 12,1953 at 5,25 p. m. WNAO-TV began broadcasting on channel 28 as the Triangles first television station, however, television manufacturers were not required to include UHF tuning capability on their sets at the time. Until the Federal Communications Commission required all-channel tuning in 1964, UHF stations were unviewable without a converter, even with one, the picture was barely viewable. With WRAL-TV signing on in late 1956 with an NBC affiliation, the station had struggled for viewership for much of its brief existence, and the presence of a new station simply made the situation worse. Channel 28 shut down at the end of 1957, channel 28 stayed dark until November 4,1968, when WRDU-TV, licensed to Durham and unrelated to the earlier station, began operations. The new station had studios located on NC Highway 54 in southern Durham, the station was first owned by Triangle Telecasters, headed by Durham businessman Reuben Everett, his wife Katherine and their son Robinson. Officially, WRDU took over as the Triangles NBC affiliate, NBC had not had a full-time affiliate in the Triangle since 1962, when WRAL-TV dropped that network in favor of ABC, leaving CBS affiliate WTVD to shoehorn NBC programming onto its schedule. UHF stations did not cover large amounts of very well at the time. Even after channel 28s sign-on, NBC continued to allow WTVD right of first refusal for its programming, WTVD chose to cherry-pick higher-rated programs from NBC and CBS, leaving WRDU to carry the lower-rated shows as well as NBCs news programming. In 1971, the FCC intervened on behalf of Triangle Telecasters, forcing WTVD to choose one network, still, the damage had been done, in terms of station identity and loyalty, making things vastly more difficult in the years to come. WRDU also had to deal with longer-established NBC affiliates in nearby Winston-Salem, as NBCs popularity declined precipitously through the 1970s, WRDU only increased the number of preemptions. It also heavily invested in the news department, and added a kids show entitled Barneys Army. However, channel 28 was still reeling from the audience-loyalty problems it had inherited from Triangle Telecasters and it did not help that this came when NBC was experiencing the worst of its 1970s ratings slump. WRAL and WTVD switched affiliations in 1985 after WTVDs owner, Capital Cities Communications, bought ABC, at one point in the 1980s, even with NBCs powerful primetime lineup, WPTF-TV was dead last in the Triangle television ratings
26.
MyNetworkTV
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Despite concerns about UPNs future that came up after Fox purchased the Chris-Craft stations, UPN signed three-year affiliation renewals with the networks Fox-owned affiliates in 2003. The CWs initial affiliation agreements did not include any of the UPN stations owned by Fox Television Stations. In fact, as part of an affiliation deal with The WBs part-owner, Tribune Broadcasting. In response to the announcement, Fox promptly removed all references from logos and promotional materials on its UPN affiliates. However, in all three cases, the WB affiliate was the station, CW executives were on record as preferring the strongest WB. Fox chose the route, and announced the launch of MyNetworkTV on February 22,2006, less than a month after CBS. MyNetworkTV began operations on September 5,2006, with the premieres of its two initial series, some affiliates unofficially began branding their stations on September 4,2006 – Labor Day – with supplied preview specials. Initially, programming aired Monday through Saturdays from 8,00 to 10,00 p. m, with the services switch to an all-rerun schedule in 2009, this effectively allows stations to pre-empt repeat programming at will to fit in sporting events without much consequence. During the telenovela era, affiliates often scheduled contractual make goods of the daily schedule between 3,00 and 6,00 a. m. local time. Not only are these light viewing hours, but they air after Nielsen processes its preliminary morning network ratings. WPWR-TV in Gary, Indiana/Chicago moved MyNetworkTV to an after primetime 10,00 p. m. -midnight timeslot on September 1,2016, and became the CW affiliate for Chicago, replacing WGN-TV. KRON-TV/San Francisco airs MyNetworkTV programming on a delay from 9,00 to 11,00 p. m. which is bookended by local evening newscasts. KPDX/Portland, Oregon airs MyNetworkTV programs from 10, 00PM to 12,00 AM, newscast that is produced by NBC-affiliated sister station KCRA-TV. KQCA then presented MyNetworkTV programming in pattern, with the 7,00 PM hour being filled by syndicated reruns until the 2014–15 television season. At that point KQCA started filling the 8,00 to 10,00 PM block with syndicated comedies, KQCA airs MyNetworkTV programming in late night. During its time as a MyNetworkTV affiliate, KJZZ-TV/Salt Lake City, the service had originally aired from 11,00 PM to 1,00 AM. at the networks launch. St. George independent station KCSG replaced KJZZ as Utahs MyNetworkTV affiliate on August 18,2008. KUSG, a former KUTV satellite, added MyNetworkTV to its schedule on September 20,2010, however, kEVU-CD/Eugene, Oregon airs the MyNetworkTV schedule from 9,00 to 11,00 PM Pacific Time, following a two-hour block of syndicated talk shows
27.
Sinclair Broadcast Group
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Sinclair Broadcast Group is an American telecommunications company that is owned by the family of company founder Julian Sinclair Smith. Sinclair also owns or operates four stations, all located in the Pacific Northwest. Among other non-broadcast properties, Sinclair also owns the Ring of Honor professional wrestling promotion and it Owns a Broadcasting Network, Comet. Smith currently heading the company as its Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, the company, founded by Julian Sinclair Smith, originated in 1971 as the Chesapeake Television Corporation. Its founding television station property was WBFF in Baltimore, Maryland, a subsidiary of Chesapeake Television Corporation, the Commercial Radio Institute, later founded WPTT in Pittsburgh, in 1978, and WTTE in Columbus, Ohio, in 1984. All three stations originally were independents, though WBFF and WTTE became charter affiliates of the Fox Broadcasting Company at its launch in 1986, smiths son David D. Smith began taking a more active role in the company in the 1980s. In 1985, the Chesapeake Television Corporation changed its name to the Sinclair Broadcast Group, in 2001, the FCC levied a $40,000 fine against Sinclair for illegally controlling Glencairn. Sinclair became a listed company in 1995, while the Smith family retained a controlling interest. However, the companys seemingly recovered its financial fortunes enough, as it would begin a string of acquisitions involving television stations. On May 21,2011, it was announced that Sinclair had purchased the professional wrestling promotion Ring of Honor and it also announced that the company was in talks to purchase Columbus, Ohio CW affiliate WWHO from LIN TV. Sinclair would also supply working capital to the stations in consideration of service fees, the group deal was officially completed on January 1,2012 after the FCC approved it on December 21,2011. On November 2,2011, it was announced that Sinclair would purchase all eight stations owned by Freedom Communications in a move for Freedom to eliminate its debt. Sinclair took over the operations of the Freedom stations on December 1,2011 through time brokerage agreements, the deal was granted approval by the FCC on March 13,2012 and was consummated on April 1. On May 15,2012, Sinclair renewed its agreement for its 19 Fox affiliates for five years through 2017. The agreement included the option for Sinclair to purchase Baltimore MyNetworkTV affiliate WUTB from Fox Television Stations at any point between July 1,2012 and March 31,2013. Of these stations, WLFL and WTVZ are both former Fox charter affiliates, having disaffiliated with the network in 1998 to become affiliates of The WB.5 million, concurrently, Sinclair announced that it would also acquire Tampa station WTTA outright from Bay Television, for $40 million. Sinclair also sold two stations, WSTR-TV and KMYS, to Deerfield Media, a company owned by Stephen P. Mumblow, Sinclair continues to operate these two stations under shared services agreements. Sinclair also gave Deerfield Media the option to purchase WJTC and WPMI at a later date, on November 26,2012, Sinclair exercised its option on WUTB through its recently formed LMA partner Deerfield Media
28.
WBT (radio station)
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WBT is a radio station in Charlotte, North Carolina, broadcasting on the AM dial at 1110 kHz. A50, 000-watt clear-channel station, it can be heard across most of the half of North America at night. It simulcasts on WBT-FM, at 99.3 MHz in Chester, the stations studios are located at One Julian Price Place on West Morehead Street, just west of uptown Charlotte, while its transmitter is located in the southern part of the city. WBT and WBT-FM are licensed to broadcast in the HD Radio format, the station relies mostly on locally produced talk shows and offers podcasts of its local shows on its official website. It airs news, weather, and traffic reports each half-hour, syndicated programing includes Rush Limbaugh, Dave Ramsey and Coast to Coast AM with George Noory. From 2009 until March 31,2011, Pete Kaliner hosted a program in the 9-midnight slot. On June 22,2011, former WSOC-TV lead anchor Vince Coakley, Coakley left after a little over a year and was replaced on July 2,2012 by Brad Krantz and Britt Whitmire, formerly of WZTK. In December 2012, morning co-host Stacey Simms left Charlottes Morning News to spend time with her family. The show would be replaced by the nationally syndicated America Now with Andy Dean in May 2013, following Entercoms takeover of WBT via LMA on October 31,2016, Keith Larson, the stations longtime 9am-noon host, was fired. The station ran a rotation of fill-in hosts while searching for his replacement before hiring former WLW fill-in, since 2005, WBT has been the flagship station of the Carolina Panthers. It also was the Panthers radio flagship from the teams 1995 inception until 1999 and it was also the Charlotte home of the University of North Carolina Tar Heels from 1977 to 1991 and again from 1995 to 2006. During the Hornets early years, whenever the Tar Heels played on the night as the Hornets. From 1991 to 1995, it was the Charlotte-area home of the Duke Blue Devils, the UNC Tar Heels returned to WBT in 2012. Past hosts include Hello Henry Bogan, Ty Boyd, Grady Cole, Mike Collins, Rockin Ray Gooding, Bob Lacey, Jason Lewis, don Russell is the stations longest-tenured personality, having worked at the station on six separate occasions since the 1970s. He currently hosts the weekend version of Charlottes Morning News, the station dates to December 1920, when Fred Laxton, Earle Gluck and Frank Bunker set up an amateur radio station in Laxtons home. Four months later, the received an experimental license as 4XD. The trio decided to go commercial in 1922, and incorporated as the Southern Radio Corporation, on April 10, the station signed on as the first fully licensed radio station south of Washington, D. C. WSB in Atlanta was the first station in the Southeast to actually broadcast, however, the Commerce Department only authorized WSB to broadcast weather reports until it received its license a few months after WBT
29.
Charlotte, North Carolina
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Charlotte /ˈʃɑːrlət/ is the largest city in the state of North Carolina. It is the county seat of Mecklenburg County and the second-largest city in the southeastern United States, just behind Jacksonville, Charlotte is the third-fastest growing major city in the United States. In 2014 the estimated population of Charlotte according to the U. S. Census Bureau was 809,958, the Charlotte metropolitan area ranks 22nd-largest in the U. S. and had a 2014 population of 2,380,314. The Charlotte metropolitan area is part of a sixteen-county market region or combined statistical area with a 2014 U. S. Census population estimate of 2,537,990, residents of Charlotte are referred to as Charlotteans. It is listed as a global city by the Globalization. Charlotte Douglas International Airport is an international hub, and was ranked the 23rd-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in 2013. Charlotte has a subtropical climate. The city is located several miles east of the Catawba River and southeast of Lake Norman, Lake Wylie and Mountain Island Lake are two smaller man-made lakes located near the city. The Catawba Native Americans were the first to settle Mecklenburg County and were first recorded in European records around 1567, by 1759 half the Catawba tribe had been killed by smallpox. At the time of their largest population, Catawba people numbered 10,000, Mecklenburg County was initially part of Bath County of New Hanover Precinct, which became New Hanover County in 1729. The western portion of New Hanover split into Bladen County in 1734, Mecklenburg County formed from Anson County in 1762. Further apportionment was made in 1792, with Cabarrus County formed from Mecklenburg and these areas were all part of one of the original six judicial/military districts of North Carolina known as the Salisbury District. The area that is now Charlotte was settled by people of European descent around 1755, Thomas Polk, who later married Thomas Spratts daughter, built his house by the intersection of two Native American trading paths between the Yadkin and Catawba rivers. One path ran north–south and was part of the Great Wagon Road, within decades of Polks settling, the area grew to become Charlotte Town, incorporating in 1768. The crossroads, perched atop the Piedmont landscape, became the heart of Uptown Charlotte, in 1770, surveyors marked the streets in a grid pattern for future development. The east–west trading path became Trade Street, and the Great Wagon Road became Tryon Street, in honor of William Tryon, the intersection of Trade and Tryon—commonly known today as Trade & Tryon, or simply The Square—is more properly called Independence Square. While surveying the boundary between the Carolinas in 1772, William Moultrie stopped in Charlotte Town, whose five or six houses were very ordinary built of logs, local leaders came together in 1775 and signed the Mecklenburg Resolves, more popularly known as the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence. While not a declaration of independence from British rule, it is among the first such declarations that eventually led to the American Revolution
30.
Wilmington, North Carolina
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Wilmington is a port city and the county seat of New Hanover County in coastal southeastern North Carolina, United States. The population is 112,067, according to the 2010 Census it is the eighth most populous city in the state, Wilmington was settled by European Americans along the Cape Fear River. Its historic downtown has a one-mile-long Riverwalk, originally developed as a tourist attraction and it is minutes away from nearby beaches. The National Trust for Historic Preservation named Wilmington, North Carolina, in 2003 the city was designated by the US Congress as a Coast Guard City. It is the port for the USCGC Diligence, a United States Coast Guard medium endurance cutter. The World War II battleship USS North Carolina is held as a war memorial, located across from the port area. Other attractions include the Cape Fear Museum, the Wilmington Hammerheads United Soccer Leagues soccer team, Wilmington is the home of EUE Screen Gems Studios, the largest domestic television and movie production facility outside of California. Dream Stage 10, the facilitys newest sound stage, is the third-largest in the US and it houses the largest special-effects water tank in North America. After the studios opening in 1984, Wilmington became a center of American film. Numerous movies in a range of genres and several series, including Iron Man 3, Foxs Sleepy Hollow, One Tree Hill, Dawsons Creek. In recent years, however, the end of tax credits to the industry has severely impacted filmmaking in the entire area. The area had long inhabited by various cultures of indigenous peoples, at the time of European encounter. The ethnic European and African history of Wilmington spans more than two and a half centuries, giovanni da Verrazano is reportedly the first European to observe the area, including the citys present site, in the early 16th century. The first permanent European settlement in the area came in the 1720s when English colonists began settling the area, in September 1732, a community was founded on land owned by John Watson on the Cape Fear River, at the confluence of its northwest and northeast branches. The settlement, founded by the first royal governor, George Burrington, was called New Carthage, governor Gabriel Johnston soon after established his government there for the North Carolina colony. In 1739 or 1740, the town was incorporated with a new name, Wilmington, in honor of Spencer Compton, many of the settlers were indentured servants, mainly from the British Isles and northern Europe. As the indentured servants gained their freedom, the colonists imported a number of African slaves as laborers into the port city. By 1767, slaves accounted for more than 62% of the population of the Lower Cape Fear region, many worked in the port as laborers, and some in ship-related trades
31.
Roanoke, Virginia
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Roanoke is an independent city in the southern U. S. state of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 97,032 and it is located in the Roanoke Valley of the Roanoke Region of Virginia. Roanoke is the largest municipality in Southwest Virginia, and is the municipality of the Roanoke Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is composed of the independent cities of Roanoke and Salem, and Botetourt, Craig, Franklin, bisected by the Roanoke River, Roanoke is the commercial and cultural hub of much of Southwest Virginia and portions of Southern West Virginia. The town first called Big Lick was established in 1852 and chartered in 1874 and it was named for a large outcropping of salt which drew the wildlife to the site near the Roanoke River. In 1882 it became the town of Roanoke, and in 1884 it was chartered as the independent city of Roanoke, the name Roanoke is said to have originated from an Algonquian word for shell money. The name for the river was used by the Algonquian speakers who lived 300 miles away where the river emptied into the sea near Roanoke Island. The native people who lived near where the city was founded did not speak Algonquian and they spoke Siouan languages, Tutelo and Catawban. There were also Cherokee speakers in general area who fought with the Catawba people. The city grew frequently through annexation through the middle of the twentieth century, the last annexation was in 1976. The state legislature has since prohibited cities from annexing land from adjacent counties, during colonial times the site of Roanoke was an important hub of trails and roads. The Roanoke Gap proved a useful route for immigrants to settle the Carolina Piedmont region, at Roanoke Gap, another branch of the Great Wagon Road, the Wilderness Road, continued southwest to Tennessee. In the 1850s, Big Lick became a stop on the Virginia, however, the Financial Panic of 1873 wrecked the AM&Os finances. After several years of operating under receiverships, Mahones role as a railroad builder ended in 1881 when northern financial interests took control, the AM&O was renamed Norfolk and Western Railway. Frederick J. Kimball, an engineer and partner in the Clark firm, headed the new line. For the junction for the Shenandoah Valley and the Norfolk and Western roads, Kimball and his board of directors selected the small Virginia village called Big Lick, on the Roanoke River. Although the grateful citizens offered to rename their town Kimball, at his suggestion, as the N&W brought people and jobs, the Town of Roanoke quickly became an independent city in 1884. In fact, Roanoke became a city so quickly that it earned the nickname Magic City, kimballs interest in geology was instrumental in the development of the Pocahontas coalfields in western Virginia and West Virginia
32.
KNBR
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KNBR is an AM radio station licensed to San Francisco, broadcasting on a clear channel at 680 kHz from transmitting facilities near Belmont, California. KNBRs non-directional 50, 000-watt class-A signal can be heard much of the western United States. For several decades, KNBR enjoyed a history as the flagship station of NBCs West Coast radio operations. A second station also uses the KNBR brand, KTCT is licensed to San Mateo, California, with a transmitter located near Hayward, California. It carried a sports format known as The Ticket. The Sports Leader is the branding used by both stations. The KNBR re-branding took place in 2003, both stations studios are located at 750 Battery Street in San Franciscos Financial District. Between the two stations, games of the San Francisco Giants, San Francisco 49ers, Stanford Cardinal, KTCT is available in the HD format on 1050 kHz. KNBR began broadcasting on April 17,1922 as KPO, a 100-watt station owned by the Hale Brothers department store, in 1925, the San Francisco Chronicle newspaper bought half-interest in the operation. Originally located in the department store at Market and 5th, its horizontal wire antenna on the roof was so efficient, in 1927, KPO became an affiliate of the new NBC radio network. In 1933, KPO was sold to NBCs parent company, the Radio Corporation of America, from there, NBC operated its West Coast network, feeding dozens of stations and operating a news bureau to serve NBC. As NBCs flagship station on the West Coast, it had an orchestra, five studios. During the rise of Hollywood, NBCs radio operation was moved to Los Angeles, in 1941, just before World War II, NBC constructed Radio City at 420 Taylor Street, considered one of the best radio facilities built during radios golden age. However, with the network control having been moved to Los Angeles, during World War II, KPOs news bureau was the major source of NBC of news about the war in the Pacific, and operated shortwave radio stations serving the world. It was at the KPO shortwave facility that the message was received that Japanese emperor Hirohito had surrendered, on November 12,1947, the Federal Communications Commission approved NBCs application to change the call sign from KPO to KNBC, to strengthen its identity as an NBC station. This change lasted until 1962, when the network moved the call sign to its station in Los Angeles. In November 1949, NBC television affiliate KRON-TV went on the air, only before the TV stations first airdate did NBC fight for the construction permit for the TV station until it lost the bid to the de Young family, then the owners of the San Francisco Chronicle. KNBR evolved into a Middle of the music format mixing in Adult Standards with Soft Rock cuts by the early 1960s
33.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
34.
WRKO
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WRKO is a radio station based in Boston, Massachusetts, currently owned by Entercom Communications Corp. Its transmitter is located in Burlington, Massachusetts, next to the Burlington Mall, WRKO is Bostons second most powerful station. A50, 000-watt class B station, it provides at least secondary coverage to portions of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire and Maine during the day. Its signal is highly directional at night to protect a number of stations on adjacent frequencies. The previous month WEAN went on air in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1927, WNAC became one of the sixteen charter members of the CBS Radio Network, and remained a CBS affiliate for the next decade. In the 1920s, using a 100-foot antenna connected by a clothesline to the buildings roof, in 1929, WNAC moved to new studios inside the Hotel Buckminster, with the entrance on the Brookline Avenue side, which would become the stations home for the next four decades. Shepard also launched a network to serve radio stations throughout New England, called The Yankee Network. For many years, the Yankee Network was considered one of the best local/regional radio news operations in the country, Shepard also purchased a second Boston station, WAAB, which became an affiliate of the Mutual Radio Network in 1935, a year after MBS was formed. He also launched a regional network, The Colonial Network. Outside of Boston, Yankee and Colonial programming were usually heard on the station, additionally. Between them, Yankee and Colonial carried home games of the Boston Red Sox and Boston Braves baseball teams, the year 1935 also saw the hiring of Fred B. Cole, an announcer who would spend more than 50 years on the air. Cole left WNAC for network radio, and returned to Boston at WHDH in 1946, in 1937, WNAC became an NBC Red affiliate after losing CBS to WEEI. Four years later, WNACs frequency changed to 1260 kilocycles, in 1942, to comply with FCC anti-duopoly regulations, WAAB was moved to Worcester. At the same time, WNAC lost NBC Red to WBZ and with WAAB having been moved, the Colonial Network was also shut down, with Yankee picking-up many of its programs. In other parts of New England, however, the change for some former Colonial programming was in the time periods of such programming. In December,1942, announcement was made of the sale of Winter Street Corp. the holding company for Shepard family interests, to General Tire and Rubber for $1.24 million. Winter Street was the parent of the Yankee Network Inc. which owned the Colonial Network and four AM
35.
Boston
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Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1,1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles with a population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area, this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon U. S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education, through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year, Bostons many firsts include the United States first public school, Boston Latin School, first subway system, the Tremont Street Subway, and first public park, Boston Common. Bostons economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, the city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings. Bostons early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the renaming on September 7,1630 was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC, in 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colonys first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history, over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century, Bostons harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Bostons merchants had found alternatives for their investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the economy, and the citys industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. Boston remained one of the nations largest manufacturing centers until the early 20th century, a network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a network of railroads furthered the regions industry. Boston was a port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies
