1.
Providence, Rhode Island
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Providence is the capital of and most populous city in the U. S. state of Rhode Island, founded in 1636, and one of the oldest cities in the United States. It is located in Providence County and is the third most populous city in New England, after Boston, Providence has a city population of 179,154, it is also part of the Providence metropolitan area which extends into southern Massachusetts. The Providence metropolitan area has an population of 1,604,291. This can be considered, in turn, to be part of the Greater Boston commuting area, Providence was founded by Roger Williams, a religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He named the area in honor of Gods merciful Providence, which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him, the city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River at the head of Narragansett Bay. Providence was one of the first cities in the country to industrialize and became noted for its tool, jewelry. The city was nicknamed the Beehive of Industry, it began rebranding itself as the Creative Capital in 2009 to emphasize its educational resources. The area that is now Providence was first settled in June 1636 by Roger Williams and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies of the United States, Williams and his company felt compelled to withdraw from Massachusetts Bay Colony. Providence quickly became a refuge for persecuted religious dissenters, as Williams himself had been exiled from Massachusetts, Providence residents were among the first Patriots to spill blood in the leadup to the American Revolution during the Gaspée Affair of 1772. Rhode Island was the first of the thirteen colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown on May 4,1776. It was also the last of the thirteen colonies to ratify the United States Constitution on May 29,1790, following the war, Providence was the countrys ninth-largest city with 7,614 people. The economy shifted from maritime endeavors to manufacturing, in particular machinery, tools, silverware, jewelry, by the start of the 20th century, Providence boasted some of the largest manufacturing plants in the country, including Brown & Sharpe, Nicholson File, and Gorham Silverware. Providence residents ratified a city charter in 1831 as the population passed 17,000. From its incorporation as a city in 1832 until 1878, the seat of city government was located in the Market House, located in Market Square, the city offices quickly outgrew this building, and the City Council resolved to create a permanent municipal building in 1845. The city offices moved into the City Hall in 1878, during the Civil War, local politics split over slavery as many had ties to Southern cotton. Despite ambivalence concerning the war, the number of military volunteers routinely exceeded quota, by the early 1900s, Providence was one of the wealthiest cities in the United States. Immigrant labor powered one of the nations largest industrial manufacturing centers, Providence was a major manufacturer of industrial products from steam engines to precision tools to silverware, screws, and textiles. From 1975 until 1982, $606 million of local and national Community Development funds were invested throughout the city.4 million ft² Providence Place Mall, despite new investment, poverty remains an entrenched problem as it does in most post-industrial New England cities
2.
Waterplace Park
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Waterplace Park is an urban park situated along the Woonasquatucket River in downtown Providence, Rhode Island. Finished in 1994, Waterplace Park is connected to 3/4 mile of cobblestone-paved pedestrian walkways along the waterfront known as Riverwalk, venice-styled Pedestrian bridges cross the river. Most of Riverwalk is below street level and automotive traffic, Waterplace Park and Riverwalk together are host to Providences popular summertime Waterfire events, a series of bonfires lit on the river accompanied by classical and world music. List of contemporary amphitheatres Woodward, Wm Mckenzie
3.
Woonasquatucket River
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The Woonasquatucket River is a river in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately 15.8 miles and drains a watershed of 130 km2, together with the Blackstone River to the north, the Woonasquatucket was designated an American Heritage River in 1998. Both rivers played active roles in the revolution and the history of Rhode Island in the 19th century. Evidence of this history remains in the fact that there are 18 dams along the rivers length. The river begins in the swamps west of Primrose Pond in North Smithfield, the lower part of the river, below Rising Sun Dam in Olneyville is tidal. East of Interstate 95, the Woonasquatuckets original riverbed no longer exists and it has been diverted into a man-made channel underneath Providence Place Mall, in Waterplace Park, the Woonasquatucket River is also used as part of Waterfire. Below is a list of all crossings over the Woonasquatucket River, the list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream. S. The area now known as Federal Hill in Providence was an important meeting place along the river for bands of the Narragansett, known as Nocabulabet, this was a place where tribes gathered for trading and harvest festivals. Some believe it was used as a vantage point to watch for marauding tribes approaching from Narragansett Bay
4.
Moshassuck River
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The Moshassuck River is a river in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. It flows 8.9 miles from the town of Lincoln to the city of Providence, there are six dams along the rivers length. In 1636 Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island, settled on the east bank of the river and was told its name by the local Narragansett Indians, the name Moshassuck means river where moose watered. The river became important during the Industrial Revolution, powering numerous mills. Today it contains several buildings, such as the Fletcher Building, now used for retail. Further north on the Moshassuck are the few remaining early-and-late nineteenth-century buildings of the Allen Printworks, in Pawtucket along the river are the remaining structures of the Hope Webbing Company and the Lorraine Mills. The first cleanup attempt on the river was started in 1897 by building sewers, during the twentieth century, the river steadily lost its functions as an industrial and transportation artery. When Interstate 95 was constructed during the 1960s, a ¾ mile section of the river was paved over, the Moshassucks source is an unnamed pond within the Lime Rock Preserve in Lincoln, Rhode Island, north and west of the intersection of Wilbur Road and Route 146. It flows southeastward through Lincoln and Pawtucket toward Providence, entering the city just east of Interstate 95 and it then proceeds southward to converge with the Woonasquatucket River in Waterplace Park to form the Providence River. Below is a list of all crossings over the Moshassuck River, the list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream. List of rivers in Rhode Island Our Rivers from the Narragansett Bay Commission, water Use and Availability in the Woonasquatucket and Moshassuck River Basins, North-Central Rhode Island, by Mark T. Nimiroski and Emily C
5.
Providence River
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The Providence River is a tidal river in the U. S. state of Rhode Island. There are no dams along the length, although the Fox Point Hurricane Barrier is located south of downtown to protect the city of Providence from damaging tidal floods. The southern part of the river has been dredged at a cost of $65 million in federal and state funds to benefit nearby marinas, the Dutch called the Providence River the Nassau River. It was the limit of Dutch claims in the colonial era, owing to Adriaen Blocks exploration of Narragansett Bay. It can, therefore, be regarded as the boundary between the English New England colonies and the Dutch colony of New Netherland. The river is formed by the confluence of the Woonasquatucket and Moshassuck rivers in downtown Providence, one half mile downstream, it is joined from the east by the Seekonk River and continues south. The cities of Providence, Cranston, and Warwick lie to the west of the river, while the city of East Providence and the town of Barrington lie to the east. At the narrows between Conimicut Point, in Warwick to the west and Nayatt Point in Barrington to the east, below is a list of all crossings over the Providence River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream. edu Providence River Dredging Project Answer Sheet
6.
WaterFire
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WaterFire is the award-winning sculpture by Barnaby Evans presented on the rivers of downtown Providence, RI. It was first created by Evans in 1994 to celebrate the anniversary of First Night Providence. WaterFire’s symbolism and interpretation is both inclusive and expansive - reflecting the recognition that individuals must act together to strengthen and preserve their community, average attendance is 40,000 a night, ranging from 10,000 to 100,000. WaterFire is presented for free, with ten percent of the funds needed to host WaterFire acquired through governmental means. WaterFire Providence is the independent 501 non-profit arts organization responsible for presenting WaterFire, WaterFire Providence consists of about 15 staff members and relies heavily upon volunteers for the production of WaterFire. On a given night, up to 160 volunteers make the event possible. Barnaby Evans created First Fire on New Year’s Eve 1994 for the anniversary of First Night Providence. First Fire consisted of 11 braziers on steel tripods stretching from WaterPlace Basin to Steeple Street, in June 1996, Barnaby created Second Fire for the Convergence Art Festival and the International Sculpture Conference. Through the support of dedicated volunteers, WaterFire returned as a seasonal event, WaterFire gained regional attention and a coordinated effort to fund the project began. In 1997, WaterFire expanded to 42 braziers, and had an attendance of 350,000 people over the entire season. Barnaby Evans received The Renaissance Award for his effort to revitalize downtown Providence, for the 1998 installation, WaterFire expanded to include 81 fires, with expansions up the Moshassuck River and into the basin at Waterplace Park. WaterFire now enjoys national and international renown, recently, attendance has increased from thousands to millions of visitors, with crowds reaching nearly two million per season. Ribbons of LightLuminaria Candle LanternsStarry, Starry Night In June 1998 Barnaby Evans installed WaterFire in Houston, in July 2005 Barnaby Evans designed a WaterFire installation in Columbus, Ohio, called WaterFire Columbus. On September 24 and 25,2011, Barnaby Evans installed WaterFire in Singapore, the flame from Singapore was sent electronically to Providence to light WaterFire there. The next day, the flame from Providence was sent electronically to Singapore to light WaterFire there. On September 21 and 22,2012, Barnaby Evans installed WaterFire in Rome on the Tiber River between Ponte Sisto and Ponte Giuseppe Mazzini on the Vatican side of the river near the old city. In August 2013, Barnaby Evans designed a WaterFire installation in Sharon, Pennsylvania on the Shenango River, http, //www. waterfiresharonpa. org WaterFire website Washington Post travel article by Carlo Rotella The Butterfly Effect blog entry about WaterFire thisplaceiknow. com entry for WaterFire
7.
First Night
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First Night is a North American artistic and cultural celebration on New Years Eve, taking place from afternoon until midnight. Some cities have all their events during the celebration outside, but some cities have events that are hosted indoors by organizations in the city, such as churches and theaters. Since it happens on New Years Eve, First Night celebrations are held on the last night of the old year. First Night celebrates a local culture, often featuring music, dance, comedy, art, fireworks and, in some cities. The first First Night was in Boston on December 31,1975 and they also wanted to avoid the emphasis on alcohol that is common at New Years Eve parties. Soon other surrounding communities started their own First Night celebrations, by the 1990s, the First Night Boston event was attracting works by over a thousand artists. In 2006, more than a million visitors attended First Night events, including free outdoor ice sculptures on Boston Common and in Copley Square, and waterfront fireworks. Live coverage of the part of Bostons First Night, including the countdown to midnight. CBS, the parent company, is an official sponsor. In addition to the New Years festival, First Night is deeply involved in Bostons art, in 2000 First Night launched Summer Beat, a series of summer camp like dance and music workshops spread around the city of Boston. In 2013, the non-profit First Night Boston organization closed for financial reasons, though Mayor Menino of Boston pledged to find private or public funding the January 2014 celebration. On November 11,2013, Mayor Menino announced he had acquired the necessary funding, in 2000, more than 260 cities had such a celebration. During the Great Recession, which began in late 2007, many First Night celebrations faced financial difficulty, there are about 45 cities with First Night celebrations happening on New Years Eve 2013/2014. It works with the numerous First Night licensed events throughout the United States, other celebrations on New Years Eve, not labeled First Night, have also sprung up. For example, in 2003, First Night Providence announced they planned to cancel future celebrations, a group of local artists created Bright Night Providence, an artist-run New Years Eve celebration based on the idea and spirit of First Night
8.
Columbus, Ohio
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Columbus is the capital and largest city of the U. S. state of Ohio. It is the 15th-largest city in the United States, with a population of 850,106 as of 2015 estimates and this makes Columbus the fourth-most populous state capital in the United States, and the third-largest city in the Midwestern United States. It is the city of the Columbus, Ohio, Metropolitan Statistical Area. With a population of 2,021,632, it is Ohios third-largest metropolitan area, Columbus is the county seat of Franklin County. The city proper has also expanded and annexed portions of adjoining Delaware County, named for explorer Christopher Columbus, the city was founded in 1812 at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers, and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816. As of 2013, the city has the headquarters of five corporations in the U. S, fortune 500, Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, American Electric Power, L Brands, Big Lots, and Cardinal Health. In 2012, Columbus was ranked in BusinessWeeks 50 best cities in America. In 2013, Forbes gave Columbus an A rating as one of the top cities for business in the U. S. and later that included the city on its list of Best Places for Business. Columbus was also ranked as the No.1 up-and-coming tech city in the nation by Forbes in 2008, and the city was ranked a top-ten city by Relocate America in 2010. In 2007, fDi Magazine ranked the city no.3 in the U. S. for cities of the future, and the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium was rated no.1 in 2009 by USA Travel Guide. The area including modern-day Columbus once comprised the Ohio Country, under the control of the French colonial empire through the Viceroyalty of New France from 1663 until 1763. In the 18th century, European traders flocked to the area, the area found itself frequently caught between warring factions, including American Indian and European interests. In the 1740s, Pennsylvania traders overran the territory until the French forcibly evicted them, in the early 1750s, the Ohio Company sent George Washington to the Ohio Country to survey. Fighting for control of the territory in the French and Indian War became part of the international Seven Years War, during this period, the region routinely suffered turmoil, massacres, and battles. The 1763 Treaty of Paris ceded the Ohio Country to the British Empire, after the American Revolution, the Ohio Country became part of the Virginia Military District, under the control of the United States. Colonists from the East Coast moved in, but rather finding a empty frontier, they encountered people of the Miami, Delaware, Wyandot, Shawnee. The tribes resisted expansion by the fledgling United States, leading to years of bitter conflict, the decisive Battle of Fallen Timbers resulted in the Treaty of Greenville, which finally opened the way for new settlements. By 1797, a surveyor from Virginia named Lucas Sullivant had founded a permanent settlement on the west bank of the forks of the Scioto River
