1.
Garden
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A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials, the most common form today is known as a residential garden, but the term garden has traditionally been a more general one. Zoos, which wild animals in simulated natural habitats, were formerly called zoological gardens. Western gardens are almost universally based on plants, with garden often signifying a shortened form of botanical garden, some traditional types of eastern gardens, such as Zen gardens, use plants sparsely or not at all. Xeriscape gardens use local plants that do not require irrigation or extensive use of other resources while still providing the benefits of a garden environment. Gardens may exhibit structural enhancements, sometimes called follies, including features such as fountains, ponds, waterfalls or creeks, dry creek beds, statuary, arbors, trellises. Some gardens are for ornamental purposes only, while some also produce food crops, sometimes in separate areas. Food-producing gardens are distinguished from farms by their scale, more labor-intensive methods. Flower gardens combine plants of different heights, colors, textures, Gardening is the activity of growing and maintaining the garden. This work is done by an amateur or professional gardener, a gardener might also work in a non-garden setting, such as a park, a roadside embankment, or other public space. Landscape architecture is a professional activity with landscape architects tending to specialise in design for public. See Grad for more complete etymology, the words yard, court, and Latin hortus, are cognates—all referring to an enclosed space. The term garden in British English refers to an enclosed area of land. This would be referred to as a yard in American English, garden design is the creation of plans for the layout and planting of gardens and landscapes. Gardens may be designed by garden owners themselves, or by professionals, professional garden designers tend to be trained in principles of design and horticulture, and have a knowledge and experience of using plants. Some professional garden designers are also landscape architects, a formal level of training that usually requires an advanced degree. Garden design can be divided into two groups, formal and naturalistic gardens. All of these considerations are subject to the limitations of the budget, most gardens consist of a mix of natural and constructed elements, although even very natural gardens are always an inherently artificial creation
2.
Museum
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Most large museums are located in major cities throughout the world and more local ones exist in smaller cities, towns and even the countryside. Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and specialists to serving the general public, the goal of serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public. There are many types of museums, including art museums, natural history museums, science museums, war museums, the city with the largest number of museums is Mexico City with over 128 museums. According to The World Museum Community, there are more than 55,000 museums in 202 countries, the English museum comes from the Latin word, and is pluralized as museums. The first museum/library is considered to be the one of Plato in Athens, however, Pausanias gives another place called Museum, namely a small hill in Classical Athens opposite to the Akropolis. The hill was called Mouseion after Mousaious, a man who used to sing on the hill, the purpose of modern museums is to collect, preserve, interpret, and display items of artistic, cultural, or scientific significance for the education of the public. The purpose can also depend on ones point of view, to a family looking for entertainment on a Sunday afternoon, a trip to a local history museum or large city art museum could be a fun, and enlightening way to spend the day. To city leaders, a healthy museum community can be seen as a gauge of the health of a city. To a museum professional, a museum might be seen as a way to educate the public about the museums mission, Museums are, above all, storehouses of knowledge. In 1829, James Smithsons bequest, that would fund the Smithsonian Institution, stated he wanted to establish an institution for the increase, Museums of natural history in the late 19th century exemplified the Victorian desire for consumption and for order. Gathering all examples of classification of a field of knowledge for research. As American colleges grew in the 19th century, they developed their own natural history collections for the use of their students, while many large museums, such as the Smithsonian Institution, are still respected as research centers, research is no longer a main purpose of most museums. While there is a debate about the purposes of interpretation of a museums collection, there has been a consistent mission to protect. Much care, expertise, and expense is invested in efforts to retard decomposition in aging documents, artifacts, artworks. All museums display objects that are important to a culture, as historian Steven Conn writes, To see the thing itself, with ones own eyes and in a public place, surrounded by other people having some version of the same experience can be enchanting. Museum purposes vary from institution to institution, some favor education over conservation, or vice versa. For example, in the 1970s, the Canada Science and Technology Museum favored education over preservation of their objects and they displayed objects as well as their functions. One exhibit featured a printing press that a staff member used for visitors to create museum memorabilia
3.
Wheatley, Oxfordshire
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Wheatley is a relatively large town and civil parish in Oxfordshire, about 5 miles east of Oxford. There was a Roman villa on Castle Hill, about 1 mile southeast of the parish church and it was excavated in 1845, when Roman coins dating from AD260 to 378 and fragments of Roman pottery and Roman tiles were found. The village had its beginnings in the Anglo-Saxon era and it is in a valley running eastwards, the stream of which flows through the centre of the village to join the River Thame. The stream used to be in the open, with stepping stones for people to cross it, however, it is now in a culvert that runs along under the High Street. In 1883 a Saxon cemetery was excavated, and artefacts removed from it are housed in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, in the 13th century Wheatley was part of the property of the Abbey of Abingdon and in 1279 was described as a hamlet of Cuddesdon. Wheatley manor house was enlarged and improved in 1601, and bears an inscription on the front stating T. A.1601, which stands for Thomas Archdale and it still retains its original appearance whereas most of the other old cottages and buildings have been restored. The Church of England parish church of St. Mary the Virgin was built in the 18th century, samuel Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford, disliked the building and had it rebuilt in 1855-1857 by the Oxford Diocesan architect, G. E. Street. Its tower has a peal of six bells, four of which came from the former 18th century church, there is also a Russian bell from Troitsa, thought to have been claimed as a spoil of war and given to the church early in the 20th century. The Congregational church was built in 1842–1843 on the site of the old tannery and it is now a United Reformed Church. Wheatleys Roman Catholic church is Our Lady of Lourdes in Crown Road and it is part of the parish of Corpus Christi, Headington. Wheatley Community Church is a new church which formed in 2015. There was once also an independent church in the old Granary building at 30 Church Road, many Wheatley residents talk of having attended Sunday School at the mission, which is how a generation usually identify the church. All the churches in Wheatley are now in a Local Ecumenical Partnership which also includes the church of Saint Bartholomew in Holton. Other occupations included faggot cutting and ochre cutting, the ochre being crushed at the windmill which stands today. There were two windmills on the hill southwest of the village, one was a post mill which burnt down in 1875. The other, Littleworth Mill, is a mill that dates from before 1671. It has been rebuilt and re-equipped a number of times, including in 1784 when the Eagle Ironworks, the tower mill had fallen out of use by 1915, but since 1977 the Wheatley Mill Restoration Society has been restoring it. Wheatley once had ten public houses, a plaque on a gable of the Kings Arms in Church Street says that it was built in 1756
4.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
5.
Rose garden
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A rose garden or rosarium is a garden or park, often open to the public, used to present and grow various types of garden roses or rose species. Designs vary tremendously and roses may be displayed alongside other plants or grouped by individual variety, joséphine imported both leading gardening talent and scores of roses, financing many plant collecting trips. At her death in 1814, the garden included more than 250 varieties of rose and it is said that her plant hunters also introduced some 200 other plants to France, among them the dahlia. One of the oldest still existing public rose gardens is Jules Gravereauxs Roseraie de LHaÿ south of Paris in LHaÿ-les-Roses, public rose gardens are a feature of many towns and cities. Since 1995, the World Federation of Rose Societies grants the Award of Garden Excellence, so far,42 gardens have been selected. Notable gardens around the world include, Rosedal de Palermo in the Parc 3 de Febrero in Buenos Aires was created in 1912 and it was granted the Award of Garden Excellence in 2012. A public park in the heart of Austrias capital, famous for its rose gardens with over 3,000 plants of more than 200 different cultivars of roses. Rustons Roses in Renmark, South Australia houses the National Rose Collection of Australia and displays more than 4,000 modern and old garden varieties. The garden, which started life as a fruit orchard, began supplying the cut-flower trade. Alister Clark Memorial Rose Garden, a garden in Bulla, Victoria, home town of the rosarian Alister Clark. Morwell Centenary Rose Garden in Morwell, Victoria, with over 4000 rose plants on an area of 4 acres, the WFRS granted the Award of Garden Excellence in 2009. It was granted the Award of Garden Excellence in 2003. § Nieuwesteeg Heritage Rose Garden in Bacchus Marsh, coloma Castle, six miles south of Brussels has more than 60,000 rose plants of some 3,000 different varieties. These include a collection of Belgian-raised roses and an area devoted to historic roses. The largest rose garden features varieties grouped by country and by breeder, the Garden of Roses at Hex Castle at Kasteel Hex, containing an exceptional assortment of about 250 varieties in a restored formal Renaissance garden originally laid out in 1770. It was the first rose garden in Belgium to be granted the WFRSs Award of Garden Excellence in 1998, the International rose garden of Kortrijk in Kortrijk, West Flanders, on the grounds of Castle t Hooghe was redesigned in 2003/2004 after 45 years of existence. The garden has three sections, a garden presenting commercially available modern rose cultivars from around the world, a collection of historic and wild roses, in 2012, it was granted the WFRSs Award of Garden Excellence. The Rose Garden at Vrijbroek Park in Mechelen consists of three gardens in a landscape park designed in the 19th century. The oldest is a rose garden, followed by a rose garden showcasing the history of the rose opened in 1994
