1.
South Shore Line
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The name refers to both the physical line and the service operated over that route. The line was built in 1901–08 by predecessors of the Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad, passenger operation was assumed by the NICTD in 1989. The public Monday-Friday timetable shows 20 eastbound trains operating,18 of those operate out of Millennium Station. Of those, five terminate at Gary Metro Center, seven at South Bend Airport, two daily trains begin at Carroll Avenue and continue to South Bend Airport. The South Shore Line was constructed between 1901–08 by the Chicago and Indiana Air Line Railway, revenue service between Michigan City and South Bend began on July 1,1908. The CLS&SB leased the Kensington and Eastern Railroad on April 4,1909 and that year the full line to Kensington on the Illinois Central was completed, and beginning on June 2,1912, the electric cars were coupled to IC steam locomotives and run to downtown Chicago. The Chicago, Lake Shore and South Bend entered bankruptcy in 1925 and was bought by Samuel Insulls Chicago South Shore, the line continued to handle both freight and passengers. Under Insull, the CSS&SB embarked on a rehabilitation program. This included new ballast and ties, 100-pound rail in place of 70-pound rail, brush clearance, in 1946 the company acquired three Little Joe electric locomotives for freight service. These locomotives had originally constructed for the Soviet Union. These locomotives continued in service on the CSS&SB until 1983. 803, is preserved in operating condition at the Illinois Railway Museum, trains began running to Chicago on August 29. That same year, the line between East Chicago and Indiana Harbor was abandoned. The Chicago South Shore and South Bend turned a profit during World War II due to the nature of Northern Indiana. However, highway competition and suburban growth led to ridership declines, by the 1950s all interurban lines were seeing a decline in rail travel as automobile use increased. On September 16,1956, a street running section in East Chicago was removed with the building of a new alignment alongside the Indiana Toll Road, a truncation to west of downtown South Bend removed street trackage in that city from July 1,1970. The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway acquired the CSS&SB on January 3,1967, the ICC gave the state of Indiana a chance to reply and subsequently, the Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District was formed in 1977 to subsidize service. When the railway went bankrupt, passenger service was assumed by NICTD on December 29,1989
2.
Millennium Station
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Located under Millennium Park, the terminal was established in the 1800s by the Illinois Central Railroad. It was rebuilt in the early 21st century and is now owned by the Northeast Illinois Regional Commuter Railroad Corporation, not counting commuters on the South Shore Line, over 18,000 people board Metra trains at Millennium Station each day. During peak periods, trains leave the terminal as frequently as twice a minute and it still received many trains thereafter, but was of secondary importance. Its importance increased dramatically in 1926 with the electrification of services on ICs main line and its Blue Island. Commuter trains from all three branches were now routed into the Randolph Street terminal, while intercity traffic continued to terminate at Central Station, originally, the station platforms were exposed and the ticketing facilities and the waiting room were located in the attached facility. The construction of Millennium Park gradually placed the station underground. Skidmore, Owings and Merrill was the architect for the station redesign, the pedway itself hosts a number of shops, eateries and services. Smurfit–Stone Building Chicago Cultural Center The Heritage at Millennium Park Randolph/Wabash L station Macys Lake/State L station Block 37 Washington/Dearborn L station Richard J
3.
Interstate 94 in Illinois
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Interstate 94 generally runs north–south through the northeastern portion of the U. S. state of Illinois, in Lake and Cook counties. It is marked east–west in Illinois in accordance with its general alignment across the country, I-94 in Illinois is 78.00 miles long. The William G. Edens Expressway is the major expressway north from the city of Chicago to Northbrook. Only the short portion from the ramp to the expressways end in Highland Park does not carry I-94. It was the first expressway in Chicago and was opened on December 20,1951 and it has three lanes in each direction. The original name of the expressway was the Edens Parkway, named after William G. Edens and he was a sponsor of Illinois first highway bond issue in 1918. The control cities for I-94 generally are Wisconsin or Milwaukee to the north and west, Chicago or Chicago Loop for those heading to the central portion, and Indiana to the south and east. This is where three lanes for the Tri-State Tollway branch off and begin I-294 while two lanes for I-94 head east onto the Edens Spur which only has four lanes total. The highway turns south and widens back to six lanes as it merges with U. S. Route 41 and becomes the Edens Expressway, and then widens to ten lanes along the Kennedy Expressway. At Ohio Street, the reversible lanes terminate and the highway has 10 lanes to the Jane Byrne Interchange, where the lane ends. In 2010, the markers have been renumbered to indicate mileage of I-94 traveled in Illinois. I-94 has ten lanes from the ramps of the Jane Byrne Interchange to the Stevenson Expressway. It then splits into a 14-lane freeway on the Dan Ryan, at the Chicago Skyway, a two-lane ramp carries traffic to I-90, leaving ten lanes running south to the I-57/I-94 junction. From I-57, where I-94 is called the Bishop Ford Freeway, to Cottage Grove Avenue, the freeway connection ramp to Stony Island Avenue has four lanes. I-94 then has six lanes south to I-80, where it departs the Bishop Ford Freeway for the Kingerly Expressway, on these ramps to and from I-80, I-94 has two lanes in each direction. On the Kingerly itself, the combined I-80/I-94 route widens to eight lanes to the Indiana state line, the configuration of I-80 and I-94 is discussed in connection with the Kingery Expressway. I-494 was originally planned to serve as a loop in Chicago, after local opposition prevented I-494 and I-694 from being completed, both numbers were completely dropped. Portions of the old I-494/I-694 exist as US41 and the Ohio Street connector, in addition, I-494 was also planned at one point to be a western bypass of Chicago, as the Crosstown Expressway
4.
Calumet River
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The Calumet River /ˌkæljuːˈmɛt/ is a system of heavily industrialized rivers and canals in the region between the neighborhood of South Chicago in Chicago, Illinois, and the city of Gary, Indiana. The area is flat and the course and even the direction of the river system has changed repeatedly. The low gradient gives the only a very small current. Industry continued to spread along the reach of the river between 1890 and 1910, with similar results. These decades of unrestricted pollution have left the river sediments highly contaminated to this day, in September 2008, areas of Lake and Porter County, Indiana, were declared national disaster areas. The Little Calumet River breached its levee and flooded portions of the towns of Munster and Highland, the Calumet River, on the south side of Chicago, originally simply drained Lake Calumet to Lake Michigan. The Grand Calumet River, originating in Miller Beach, flows 16.0 miles through the cities of Gary, East Chicago and Hammond, as well as Calumet City and Burnham on the Illinois side. The majority of the rivers flow drains into Lake Michigan via the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal, today, a large portion of the rivers flow originates as municipal and industrial effluent, cooling and process water and storm water overflows. Although discharges have been reduced, a number of contaminants continue to impair the area and this arm of the river is 41 miles long. The Little Calumet has 109 miles of river and tributaries and drains 213 square miles and it has a total length of 22 miles. It used to continue westward to Illinois as the Little Calumet River, until sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s, the Little Calumet River was heavily polluted with sewage, and the only fish living in the river were carp. During heavy spring rains, the river would flood areas adjacent to the river. The Little Calumet River has been undergoing construction of a $200 million flood control, the project was expected to be complete in 2013. The project includes construction of 22 miles of levees and floodwalls, a structure at Hart Ditch. Additionally, seven miles of the channel is being relocated to allow better water flow. A flood warning system is also being implemented, when complete, the project will protect over 9,500 homes and businesses in the towns of Gary, Griffith, Hammond, and Munster in Indiana, and prevent nearly $11 million in flood damage annually. On September 15,2008, the remnants of Hurricane Ike released heavy rain flooded the banks of the Little Calumet River. Houses and strip malls in northern Munster and southern Hammond were evacuated, hundreds of homes were damaged due to flooding
5.
Hegewisch station
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The Hegewisch station recently introduced two new high-level platforms, as part of NICTDs continuing effort to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Hegewisch is the South Shore Lines easternmost stop in Chicago and the last one in Illinois outbound and it is the only Illinois station on the South Shore Line not shared with the Metra Electric Line. Thus, when the South Shore Line adjusts its fares, the fares for Hegewisch do not change, but if Metra adjusts its fares, the station is just west of an at-grade junction with a former Pennsylvania Railroad branch line. The line began at the line near the Illinois–Indiana state line and continued to a connection with the line to Logansport. As of 2011, the tracks only exist to the former New York Central Railroad line, the Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad main line ran parallel to the South Shore. The Nickel Plate Railroad also had its main line to the west of the C&WI, CTA30 South Chicago Pace 355 Wentworth Limited 358 Torrence 364 159th Street South Shore Line - Stations Hegewisch Station South Shore Schedule Station House from Google Maps Street View
6.
Illinois
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Illinois is a state in the midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1818. It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, the word Illinois comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word. For decades, OHare International Airport has been ranked as one of the worlds busiest airports, Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics. With the War of 1812 Illinois growth slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier, mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration—by the 1810s, the Eastern U. S. Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s, and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois, as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets. Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other states from the tyranny of water transport. By 1900, the growth of jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars, the Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago, who created the citys famous jazz and blues cultures. Three U. S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, additionally, Ronald Reagan, whose political career was based in California, was the only U. S. president born and raised in Illinois. Today, Illinois honors Lincoln with its official slogan, Land of Lincoln. The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the capital of Springfield. Illinois is the spelling for the early French Catholic missionaries and explorers name for the Illinois Native Americans. American scholars previously thought the name Illinois meant man or men in the Miami-Illinois language and this etymology is not supported by the Illinois language, as the word for man is ireniwa and plural men is ireniwaki. The name Illiniwek has also said to mean tribe of superior men. The name Illinois derives from the Miami-Illinois verb irenwe·wa he speaks the regular way and this was taken into the Ojibwe language, perhaps in the Ottawa dialect, and modified into ilinwe·. The French borrowed these forms, changing the ending to spell it as -ois. The current spelling form, Illinois, began to appear in the early 1670s, the Illinois name for themselves, as attested in all three of the French missionary-period dictionaries of Illinois, was Inoka, of unknown meaning and unrelated to the other terms. American Indians of successive cultures lived along the waterways of the Illinois area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans, the Koster Site has been excavated and demonstrates 7,000 years of continuous habitation
7.
Indiana
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Indiana /ɪndiˈænə/ is a U. S. state located in the midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America. Indiana is the 38th largest by area and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States and its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U. S. state on December 11,1816, before becoming a territory, varying cultures of indigenous peoples and historic Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years. Indiana has an economy with a gross state product of $298 billion in 2012. Indiana has several areas with populations greater than 100,000. The states name means Land of the Indians, or simply Indian Land and it also stems from Indianas territorial history. On May 7,1800, the United States Congress passed legislation to divide the Northwest Territory into two areas and named the section the Indiana Territory. In 1816, when Congress passed an Enabling Act to begin the process of establishing statehood for Indiana, a resident of Indiana is officially known as a Hoosier. The first inhabitants in what is now Indiana were the Paleo-Indians, divided into small groups, the Paleo-Indians were nomads who hunted large game such as mastodons. They created stone tools made out of chert by chipping, knapping and flaking, the Archaic period, which began between 5000 and 4000 BC, covered the next phase of indigenous culture. The people developed new tools as well as techniques to cook food, such new tools included different types of spear points and knives, with various forms of notches. They made ground-stone tools such as axes, woodworking tools. During the latter part of the period, they built mounds and middens. The Archaic period ended at about 1500 BC, although some Archaic people lived until 700 BC, afterward, the Woodland period took place in Indiana, where various new cultural attributes appeared. During this period, the people created ceramics and pottery, an early Woodland period group named the Adena people had elegant burial rituals, featuring log tombs beneath earth mounds. In the middle portion of the Woodland period, the Hopewell people began developing long-range trade of goods, nearing the end of the stage, the people developed highly productive cultivation and adaptation of agriculture, growing such crops as corn and squash. The Woodland period ended around 1000 AD, the Mississippian culture emerged, lasting from 1000 until the 15th century, shortly before the arrival of Europeans. During this stage, the people created large urban settlements designed according to their cosmology, with mounds and plazas defining ceremonial
8.
South Bend Airport station
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South Bend Airport is a commuter train station on, and the eastern terminus of, the South Shore Line. Servicing South Bend International Airport, the station is 3 miles northwest of the business district of South Bend. In November 1992, this replaced the South Shore Lines former terminus at the South Bend Amtrak Station. The station has an office and a waiting room. Because the station is incorporated into the South Bend International Airport building, riders can take advantage of its extensive lounging areas, shops. Until November 27,2009, most eastbound weekend South Shore Line trains terminated at this station, thus, if the westbound train got delayed, the eastbound train got delayed even more because it needed to wait for the westbound train to clear the track. Paul United Express Chicago OHare Airport Newark South Bend International Airport South Shore Line - Stations South Bend Regional Airport
9.
Grand Calumet River
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The Grand Calumet River is a 13. 0-mile-long river that flows primarily into Lake Michigan. Originating in Miller Beach in Gary, it flows through the cities of Gary, East Chicago and Hammond, as well as Calumet City and Burnham on the Illinois side. The majority of the rivers flow drains into Lake Michigan via the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal, a smaller part of the flow, at the rivers western end, enters the Calumet River and ultimately drains into the Illinois and ultimately the Mississippi River. Today, a portion of the rivers flow originates as municipal and industrial effluent, cooling and process water. Although discharges have been reduced, a number of contaminants continue to impair the area, the Grand Calumet is divided into an East and West branch, on the respective sides of the Indiana Harbor Canal. It leaves Gary by passing under Cline Avenue, and then defines the boundary between East Chicago and Hammond until reaching the Indiana Harbor Canal near Kennedy Avenue. The West Branch drains partly into the Indiana Harbor Canal and partly into the Calumet River, the divide between the part of the West Branch flowing into the Illinois River and the part flowing to Lake Michigan is in Hammond, Indiana, near the Illinois-Indiana state line. The West Branch joins the Little Calumet at Burnham, Illinois, in addition, the Indiana Harbor Canal itself is sometimes treated as a part of the Grand Calumet, which brings the rivers total length to 16.0 miles. The Grand Calumet flows through the Calumet Lacustrine Plain, a region of low, Groundwater contributions to the river, which account for less than 10% of total flow, come from the Calumet Aquifer, an unconfined water-table aquifer. The Calumet Aquifer is less than 10 feet below the surface in most areas, in this original configuration, the Grand Calumet included much of what is now the Little Calumet River, while the original Little Calumet was just a minor stream draining out into Lake Calumet. This original river is called by the older name Konomick or Kennomick to distinguishing it from the Grand Calumet of today. This created the basic definitions of the rivers as they exist today, the Grand Calumet at this point still flowed from west to east, emptying into the lake at Miller Beach. In 1848, the Calumet Feeder Canal was constructed to carry water from the Calumet system at Blue Island to the Illinois and Michigan Canal, which was suffering from low water levels. This reversed the flow of the Grand Calumet, so that it now flowed from east to west, by 1872, the rivers original mouth at Miller had been completely blocked by sandbars. Industrial development on the banks of the Grand Calumet began in the late 19th century, the accumulation of industrial sediment in the river had become problematic by 1885. The construction of the Gary Works in 1905 involved diverting and channelizing a considerable part of the East Branch to make way for the new steel mill. Previously, the Grand Calumet had flowed across a part of the present-day mill site. Continuing industrialization along the Grand Calumet led to increasing levels of pollution
10.
Interstate 80 in Illinois
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Interstate 80 is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from San Francisco, California, to Teaneck, New Jersey. I-80 enters Illinois from Iowa in the west, southwest of Rapids City and runs eastward through East Moline, LaSalle and Joliet. The interstate runs for approximately 163.41 miles through the state, in the 1920s, two state highways followed the general alignment that I-80 takes. In 1932 US6 was extended through Illinois, paralleling the alignment that I-80 in Illinois, construction started in 1957 and I-80 was completed in 1968. In the early 1990s Illinois wanted to reroute I-80 in the Quad Cities area, at the same time the section of I-80 that is concurrent with I-294, reconstructed. The partition of I-80 that is concurrent with the Kingery Expressway was rebuilt in the mid-2000s, Interstate 80 extends from west to east across the northern portion of the state through the population centers of Quad Cities and the south Chicago suburbs. The freeway is maintained by Illinois Department of Transportation, with Illinois State Toll Highway Authority maintaining the section of I-80 that is concurrent with the Tri-State Tollway. I-80 contains between a minimum of four lanes and a maximum of ten lanes total, the majority of the highway runs through farmland and urban areas. I-80 enters Illinois on the Fred Schwengel Memorial Bridge over the Mississippi River, after leaving the bridge the interstate has a folded diamond interchange with IL84. The highway heads south, as an interstate, passing on the east side of Quad Cities. Eastbound I-80 traffic has access to an Illinois Welcome Center, the road has a clover leaf interchange with the western terminus of I-88. After the interchange with I-88 the highway crosses over Rock River, the interstate has a diamond interchange with U. S. Route 6, before having an interchange with I-74 in East Moline. At this interchange I-80 turns easterly paralleling US6 and leaving the Quad Cities area, East of Quad Cities the interstate passes through rural farmland as a four-lane interstate. The road passes south of Geneseo, with the city having one interchange at IL82, the road passes south of Atkinson, before passing over US6 and a railroad track. After crossing over the tracks the interstate has an interchange with IL78. The interstate continues towards the east having a diamond interchange with IL40. The highway passes on the side of Princeton, having an interchange with IL26. I-80 passes over US34, before leaving Princeton and having an interchange with northern terminus of I-180, the interstate has a rural interchange with IL89, before entering LaSalle
11.
Dyer station
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Dyer is an Amtrak station in Dyer, Indiana, served by the Cardinal and Hoosier State, and is the penultimate westbound station for both trains. It is located near a crossing of two railroad lines, CSX and the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern. The original depot stood at the junction itself. The Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District has proposed a line to Lowell, Indiana, however, the station is intended to be south of both the existing station and the CSX/EJ&E crossing at U. S.30. On August 2,2010, Northwest Indiana Regional Bus Authority revamped the Hammond Transit System into EasyGo Lake Transit, the newly introduced Red Route terminated approximately a mile northeast of the station, at Main/Calumet intersection. Riders could take the Red Route to Munster, Hammond and Chicagos East Side neighborhood and they could also transfer to other EasyGo routes and connect to other towns and cities throughout Lake Country. Hammond Transit and EasyGo Lake Transit discontinued all service on June 30,2012, longest, David E. Railroad Depots of Northern Indiana. Amtrak – Stations – Dyer, IN Dyer Amtrak Station Dyer --Great American Stations
12.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
13.
Hammond, Indiana
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Hammond /ˈhæmənd/ is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area, the population was 80,830 at the 2010 census, replacing Gary as the most populous city in Lake County. Hammond is located at 41°36′40″N 87°29′35″W, the citys elevation above sea level ranges from 577 feet to 610 feet. The city sits within the boundaries of the former Lake Chicago, Most of the city is on sandy soil with a layer of black topsoil that varies from non-existent to several feet thick. Much of the sand has been removed for purposes such as industrial use to make concrete. According to the 2010 census, Hammond has an area of 24.886 square miles. The population density was 3,548.3 inhabitants per square mile, there were 32,945 housing units at an average density of 1,446.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 59. 4% White,22. 5% African American,0. 5% Native American,1. 0% Asian,13. 3% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 34. 1% of the population. 30. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.36. The median age in the city was 33.3 years. 27. 6% of residents were under the age of 18,10. 1% were between the ages of 18 and 24,27. 3% were from 25 to 44,24. 2% were from 45 to 64, and 10. 7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49. 0% male and 51. 0% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 83,048 people,32,026 households and 20,880 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,630.0 per square mile, there were 34,139 housing units at an average density of 1,492.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 72. 35% White,14. 57% African American,0. 41% Native American,0. 46% Asian,0. 08% Pacific Islander,9. 32% from other races, and 2. 81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21. 04% of the population,29. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the family size was 3.23. In the city, the population was out with 27. 3% under the age of 18,9. 8% from 18 to 24,30. 1% from 25 to 44,19. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 95.3 males
14.
Highland, Lake County, Indiana
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Highland is a town in Lake County, Indiana, United States. The population was 23,727 at the 2010 census, the town was incorporated on April 4,1910. It is a part of the Chicago metropolitan area and North Township, in 1847, two pioneers from Ohio, Michael and Judith Johnston, became Highlands first settlers. The town slowly expanded until the early 1880s, when the development of Chicago & Atlantic railroad trackage through the town attracted agriculture, Dutch settlers began moving to Highland shortly thereafter from nearby Munster. 304 people resided in Highland when it was incorporated in 1910, in 1992, the Indiana Historical Bureau placed a state historical marker at 8941 Kleinman Road to recognize the immigration of Dutch in the Calumet Region. In 1927, President Calvin Coolidge visited and delivered the address for Wicker Memorial Park. Significant floods have affected Highland in 2008,2007, and especially in September 2006. On October 31,2008, Barack Obama, who four days later would be elected the 44th President of the United States and it was the largest crowd there since President Coolidge dedicated the park in 1927. Highland is located at 41°32′59″N 87°27′29″W, according to the 2010 census, Highland has a total area of 6.96 square miles, of which 6.94 square miles is land and 0.02 square miles is water. Highland has several neighborhoods and subdivisions, Highlands Downtown area features a number of buildings exhibiting Mid-Century Modern style architecture. As of the census of 2010, there were 23,727 people,9,924 households, the population density was 3,418.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 10,335 housing units at a density of 1,489.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 88. 6% White,4. 2% African American,0. 2% Native American,1. 6% Asian,3. 4% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 12. 8% of the population. 29. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age in the town was 41.5 years. 20. 9% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24, 26% were from 25 to 44,27. 9% were from 45 to 64, and 17. 3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48. 0% male and 52. 0% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 23,546 people,9,636 households, and 6,677 families residing in the town. The population density was 3,428.3 people per square mile, there were 9,925 housing units at an average density of 1,445. 1/sq mi
15.
Griffith, Indiana
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Griffith is a town in Calumet and St. John townships in Lake County, Indiana, United States. It is a part of the Chicago metropolitan area, the population was 16,893 at the 2010 census. The E. J. and E. Griffith Interlocking Tower, Griffith is 630 feet above sea level. The towns boundaries encompass part of the ancient Calumet shore lines of Lake Michigan, according to the 2010 census, Griffith has a total area of 7.73 square miles, all land. Griffith Public Schools operates five public schools. Griffith Senior High School Griffith Middle School Beiriger Elementary School Ready Elementary School Wadsworth Elementary School St. Mary Catholic Elementary & Junior High School is in Griffith. Residents that live in the section of Griffith that lies within the St. John Township often are serviced by schools that belong to the Lake Central School Corporation. As of the census of 2010, there were 16,893 people,6,668 households, the population density was 2,185.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 7,070 housing units at a density of 914.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 75. 8% White,16. 9% African American,0. 3% Native American,0. 8% Asian,3. 9% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 13. 3% of the population. 26. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.06. The median age in the town was 36.1 years. 24. 3% of residents were under the age of 18,9. 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24,27. 2% were from 25 to 44,27. 3% were from 45 to 64, and 11. 2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47. 6% male and 52. 4% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 17,334 people,6,728 households, and 4,749 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,417.7 people per square mile, there were 6,990 housing units at an average density of 974.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 84. 01% White,10. 11% African American,0. 35% Native American,0. 81% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,2. 86% from other races, and 1. 83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8. 43% of the population,25. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the family size was 3.10
16.
Valparaiso, Indiana
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Valparaiso is a city and the county seat of Porter County, Indiana, United States. The population was 31,730 at the 2010 census, the site of present-day Valparaiso was included in the purchase of land from the Potawatomi people by the U. S. Government in October 1832. Chiquas town or Chipuaw was located a mile east of the current Courthouse along the Sauk Trail, chiquas town existed from at or before 1830 until after 1832. The location is just north of the crossing on State Route 2. Located on the ancient Naive American trail from Rock Island to Detroit, the city was once called the City of Churches due to the large number of churches located here at the end of the 19th Century. The city also has a history of being a transportation hub for the region. In 1858, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad reached Valparaiso, by 1910, an interurban railway connected the city to Gary, Indiana. Today, while the city no longer has a train station, it is still very much a part of the Crossroads of America due to its proximity to I-65, I-80, I-90. Additionally, the Canadian National railroad still runs through the downtown area, until 1991, it was the terminal of Amtraks Calumet commuter service. The city is situated at the junctions of U. S. Route 30, State Road 2, and State Road 49. According to the 2010 census, Valparaiso has an area of 15.578 square miles. The city is situated on the Valparaiso Moraine, glaciation has left numerous features on the landscape here. Kettle lakes and knobs make up much of this area of Northwest Indiana. Many glacial erratics can be throughout the city. The moraine has left the city with mostly clay soil, as of the census of 2010, there were 31,730 people,12,610 households, and 7,117 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,043.1 inhabitants per square mile, there were 13,506 housing units at an average density of 869.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 89. 9% White,3. 3% African American,0. 3% Native American,2. 1% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,2. 2% from other races, and 2. 1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7. 1% of the population,34. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
17.
Hobart, Indiana
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Hobart is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. The population was 29,059 at the 2010 census, although it has been historically primarily residential, recent annexation has added a significant retail corridor to the city. According to the 2010 census, Hobart has an area of 26.705 square miles. Hobart is approximately 31 miles southeast of Chicago, as of the census of 2010, there were 29,059 people,11,650 households, and 7,664 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,103.6 inhabitants per square mile, there were 12,399 housing units at an average density of 470.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 85. 3% White,7. 0% African American,0. 4% Native American,1. 0% Asian,4. 0% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 13. 9% of the population. 28. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.06. The median age in the city was 38 years. 23. 1% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24, 28% were from 25 to 44,26. 6% were from 45 to 64, and 14. 4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 5% male and 51. 5% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 25,363 people,9,855 households, and 6,977 families residing in the city. The population density was 967.5 people per square mile, there were 10,299 housing units at an average density of 392.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 93. 73% White,1. 39% African American,0. 21% Native American,0. 54% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,2. 60% from other races, and 1. 51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8. 05% of the population,24. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the family size was 3.04. In the city, the population was out with 23. 6% under the age of 18,8. 6% from 18 to 24,29. 7% from 25 to 44,23. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males, the median income for a household in the city was $34,759, and the median income for a family was $35,078. Males had an income of $43,702 versus $26,619 for females
18.
Cedar Lake, Indiana
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Cedar Lake is a town in Hanover and Center townships, Lake County, Indiana, United States. The population was 11,560 at the 2010 census, the town is known for Cedar Lake. Cedar Lake was settled by pioneers in the century and originally named West Point. In 1839, it competed with the settlements of Liverpool and Lake Court House to be the county seat of Lake County, by 1870, the Cedar Lake Post Office was established, giving the area a new name. After the Monon Railroad came to the western shore in 1882. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Cedar Lake was a place for Chicagoans looking for a retreat from the city. The lake had over 50 hotels at the time and several pavilions, the Lassen Hotel and Monon Park Dancing Pavilion are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Cedar Lake is located at 41°22′2″N 87°26′18″W, according to the 2010 census, Cedar Lake has a total area of 9.61 square miles, of which 8.22 square miles is land and 1.39 square miles is water. The lake, which is the largest natural lake in northwest Indiana, there is an abundance of hills around the lake, which are evidence of the Valparaiso Moraine running through the area. As of the census of 2010, there were 11,560 people,4,193 households, the population density was 1,406.3 inhabitants per square mile. There were 4,692 housing units at a density of 570.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 94. 9% White,0. 5% African American,0. 3% Native American,0. 4% Asian,2. 4% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 6. 5% of the population. 22. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 5. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.23. The median age in the town was 34.9 years. 26. 6% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24,29. 3% were from 25 to 44,26. 6% were from 45 to 64, and 8. 6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50. 7% male and 49. 3% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 9,279 people,3,394 households, and 2,450 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,366.3 people per square mile, there were 3,681 housing units at an average density of 542.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 97. 40% White,0. 09% African American,0. 24% Native American,0. 20% Asian,0. 88% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 50% of the population
19.
Munster, Indiana
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Munster is a town located in North Township, Lake County, in Northwest Indiana, United States. The 2010 U. S. Census counted the population at 23,603. Munster is located at 41°56′45″N 87°51′25″W, at a point on an ancient shoreline of Lake Michigan which is today Ridge Road and this ridge runs east and west through the north part of town, hence the towns nickname Town on the Ridge. The towns boundaries contain three small lakes, one of which, located within Centennial Park, is marshy and undeveloped. Munster is bordered on the north by the Little Calumet River, a river surrounded by a thin strip of wooded area. According to the 2010 census, Munster has an area of 7.65 square miles. The Ibach House and Stallbohm Barn-Kaske House are listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the earliest known inhabitants of the area were the Potawatomi. Although a village did not exist in what was to become Munsters town boundaries, today, Munsters downtown area, the Town Hall, Police and Fire Department headquarters, the Centre for the Visual and Performing Arts, and the Munster Post Office are all situated on Ridge Road. In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, the area that is today Munster was part of land claimed by France as French territory, in the 1760s the British claimed the land where the Potawatomi lived as part of the British Empire. Twenty years later George Rogers Clark overran the British, claiming the land for the new, in 1828 the federal government relocated the Potawatomi Indians to the Oklahoma territory. As the numbers of Native Americans dwindled, pioneer settlers began to inhabit the area which would become Munster, the post office was named Munster, as it was located in Jacob Munsters general store. Before long more and more people moved to the Munster Area, Munster soon became a booming town that attracted many people. Munster saw difficult times through the years of the Great Depression. During the Cold War, Munster served as the site of the Nike-Zeus Missile defense base C-46, the site was closed in 1971, and is now under private ownership. In September 2008, Munsters northern portions suffered record flooding resulting from the impact of Hurricane Ike, a main break occurred in the levee located near the intersection of Calumet Avenue and River Drive in the northwest quadrant of the town. Munster has requested the Army Corps of Engineers to elevate the levee in low-lying areas, the levee improvements have been completed and the majority of homes destroyed have been rebuilt, in most cases, with larger, more amenity-filled homes. The 2010 Comprehensive Plan for Munsters next twenty years includes plans for a new town center with shopping and dining to be organized around a train station. As of 2011, the income for a household in the town was $75,349 while the mean income for a household in the town was $97,222
20.
Merrillville, Indiana
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Merrillville /ˈmɛrəlvɪl/ is a town in Ross Township, Lake County, Indiana. The population was 35,246 at the 2010 census, Merrillville is located in the east-central portion of Lake County, in the Chicago metropolitan area. On January 1,2015, Merrillville became the most populated town in Indiana, Merrillville is located at 41°29′08″N 87°20′07″W. According to the 2010 census, Merrillville has an area of 33.26 square miles. The town is centered on the intersection of U. S. Route 30, the Lincoln Highway runs through Merrillville. The original alignment of Lincoln Highway is known as 73rd Avenue in Merrillville, while the current Lincoln Highway is known as 81st Avenue, State Road 53 and State Road 55 traverse the town from north to south. The asymmetric shape of Merrillville results in numerous boundaries with other municipalities, Merrillville is located on what used to be woodland that belonged to the Potawatomi Indians. In 1834, a clearing was created for purposes and was called McGwinn Village. A year later, a man by the name of Jeremiah Wiggins settled in the place. Under the name Wiggins Point, the became a well-known stop for wagon trains heading to Joliet, Illinois along the old Sauk Trail. At one time,16 trails radiated outward from Wiggins Point, sometime afterwards, local settlers renamed the place Centerville. Later still, it was renamed Merrillville after the brothers Dudley, Dudley Merrill operated a hotel and store in Centerville, and his son John P. Nearby, in the former hunting grounds of the Potawatomi Indians. Near Deep River creek was a settlement named Deep River, near Turkey Creek was another settlement with that creeks name, other settlements included Ainsworth, Lottaville, and Rexville. At one time, the post office for the area was named Lottaville, in 1848, all of these settlements, including Merrillville were collected into one and called Ross Township. As time went by, bits and pieces of Ross Township were taken by Hobart, in 1971, the area officially became Merrillville and was incorporated as a town under Indiana law. During this time, the majority of the growth was due to white flight from Gary. In 1993, Merrillville tried to annex unincorporated Winfield Township to get more land, the residents blocked Merrillville by creating the town of Winfield
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Dyer, Indiana
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Dyer is a town in St. John Township, Lake County, Indiana, United States. The population was 16,390 at the 2010 census and this bedroom community lies in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Dyer placed 97th on the 100 Best Places to Live in the US by CNN and it was one of two Indiana municipalities to earn this distinction. Dyer is located at 41°30′01″N 87°30′44″W, Dyer borders Munster to the north, unincorporated St. John Township to the south, Schererville to the east, and Lynwood and Sauk Village in Illinois to the west. The Illinois state line comprises Dyers entire western border, one of Dyers neighborhoods, Briar Ridge, spans both Dyer and adjacent Schererville. Dyer is built on flat land with an exception being the steep sand ridge south of US Highway 30. According to the 2010 census, Dyer has an area of 6.1 square miles. As of 2009, the income for a household in the town was $76,599 while the mean income for a household in the town was $93,308. The median income for a family was $87,127 and the income for a family was $103,563. The estimated per capita income for the town was $34,275, about 0. 7% of families and 1. 2% of the population were estimated to be below the poverty line. As of the census of 2010, there were 16,390 people,5,985 households, the population density was 2,686.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 6,125 housing units at a density of 1,004.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 90. 1% White,2. 5% African American,0. 2% Native American,2. 9% Asian,2. 4% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 9. 3% of the population. 20. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.12. The median age in the town was 42.9 years. 23. 1% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 1% were between the ages of 18 and 24,22. 9% were from 25 to 44,31. 4% were from 45 to 64, and 15. 5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48. 4% male and 51. 6% female, in 1830, the first permanent white settlers came to Northwest Indiana. The earliest historical records date back to 1838, on June 1,1855, the original plat of the town was established
22.
Lowell, Indiana
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Lowell is a town in West Creek and Cedar Creek townships, Lake County, Indiana, United States. The population was 9,276 at the 2010 census and it was named after Lowell, Massachusetts. The James Brannon House, Melvin A. Halsted House, Lowell Commercial Historic District, Charles E. Nichols House, Lowell is located at 41°18′N 87°25′W. According to the 2010 census, Lowell has an area of 5.27 square miles. Located five miles outside of the Great Lakes Basin, Lowell sought permission to pipe in water to replace city water drawn from its high fluoride deep wells. Lowells request was turned down in 1991, Lowell lies on the Valparaiso Moraine, almost on the Kankakee Outwash Plain. The town also lies near the St. Lawrence Seaway Divide, Lowell has a Humid continental climate with four distinct seasons. As of the census of 2010, there were 9,276 people,3,392 households, the population density was 1,790.7 inhabitants per square mile. There were 3,620 housing units at a density of 698.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 95. 9% White,0. 5% African American,0. 4% Native American,0. 3% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,1. 7% from other races, and 1. 2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6. 9% of the population,21. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the family size was 3.16. The median age in the town was 35.7 years. 26. 6% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24,27. 8% were from 25 to 44,25. 1% were from 45 to 64, and 11. 7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49. 2% male and 50. 8% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 7,505 people,2,697 households, and 2,030 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,839.2 people per square mile, there were 2,809 housing units at an average density of 688.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 97. 30% White,0. 03% African American,0. 39% Native American,0. 24% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,1. 12% from other races, and 0. 92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3. 53% of the population,20. 4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
23.
Lake County, Indiana
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Lake County is a county located in the U. S. state of Indiana. In 2010, its population was 496,005, making it Indianas second-most populous county, the county seat is Crown Point. This county is part of Northwest Indiana and the Chicago metropolitan area and it is the home to a portion of the Indiana Dunes and to Marktown, Clayton Marks planned worker community in East Chicago. Lake County was established on February 16,1837, from 1832 to 1836 the area that was to become Lake County was part of La Porte County. From 1836 to 1837 it was part of Porter County and it was named for its location on Lake Michigan. The original county seat was Liverpool until Lake Court House, which later became Crown Point, was chosen in 1840. According to the 2010 census, the county has an area of 626.56 square miles. The northern and southern portions of the county are mainly low and flat, the lowest point, at 585 feet, is along the Lake Michigan shoreline. The central part of the county is higher and hillier, as you travel south from the low and relatively flat lake plain in the northern part of the county, the land gradually rises in elevation until the peak of the Valparaiso Moraine. The highest point, at 801 feet, is in northeastern Winfield Township near 109th Street, from here the land descends south into the Kankakee Outwash Plain until the Kankakee River is reached. The geographic center of Lake County is approximately 200 feet northwest of Burr Street, interstate 80/94/US6 is the Frank Borman Expressway from the Illinois state line east to the Indiana Toll Road interchange in the eastern portion of the county. Interstate 94 has been referred to as the Chicago-Detroit Industrial Freeway, US6 is part of the Grand Army of the Republic Highway. Broadway is also the Carolyn Mosby Memorial Highway, Indiana 51 is known for its entire length as the Adam Benjamin Memorial Highway. US30 is part of the historic Lincoln Highway, US12 from Gary eastward is part of Dunes Highway. Cline Avenue from US12 north and westward is known as the Highway Construction Workers Memorial Highway, East Chicago Public Library has its main location and the Robart A. Pastrick branch. Gary Public Library has its location, the Du Bois Library, as well as the Brunswick, Kennedy. Lowell Public Library has its location with branches in Schneider. Catherine Hospital, East Chicago –189 beds St. Lake County is also served by the Post-Tribune, Lakeshore Public Television operates WYIN-TV Gary on channel 56 and is the local PBS station in the Chicago television market
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Porter County, Indiana
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Porter County is a county located in the U. S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, the population was 164,343 and this county is part of Northwest Indiana as well as the Chicago metropolitan area. Porter County is the site of the Indiana Dunes, an area of ecological significance, a museum called the Hour Glass located in Ogden Dunes, contains exhibits that document the ecological significance. The area of Indiana which became Porter County was occupied by an Algonquian people named by the archeologist as the Huber-Berrien. This was a culture that arrived after the glaciers retreated somewhere around 15,000 years ago. The Huber-Berrien people were a subsistence society, the native people of this area were next recorded during the Iroquois Wars as being Potawatomi and Miami. The trading post system used by the French and then the English encouraged native people to live in villages along major waterways. Therefore, there are no recorded villages within the current boundaries of Porter County and it was not until 1830 when Chiquas town and Tassinong appear on maps and in records. Chiquas town is located a mile east of Valparaiso on State Route 2, Tassinong is south of Valparaiso about 5 miles on State Route 49 at Baums Bridge Road, the main route across the Great Kankakee Marsh. Porter County was formed in 1836, from 1832 to 1836, the area that was to become Porter County was part of La Porte County. It was named for Capt. David Porter, naval officer during the Barbary Wars and the War of 1812. According to the 2010 census, the county has an area of 521.78 square miles, of which 418.15 square miles is land and 103.63 square miles is water. The highest point, at 870 feet, is in northeastern Jackson Township near County Road East 950 North, the lowest point, at 585 feet, is along the Lake Michigan shoreline. Westchester Public Library has its branch, the Thomas Library, in Chesterton with a branch. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.82 inches in February to 4.66 inches in June, the county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code. County Council, The county council is the branch of the county government and controls all the spending. Representatives are elected from county districts, the council members serve four-year terms. They are responsible for setting salaries, the budget and special spending
25.
Northwest Indiana
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Northwest Indiana comprises Lake, Porter, LaPorte, Newton and Jasper counties in Indiana. This region neighbors Lake Michigan and is part of the Chicago metropolitan area, according to the 2010 Census, Northwest Indiana has a population of 819,537 and is the states second largest urban area after the Indianapolis Metropolitan Area. It is also the home of the Indiana Dunes, parts of which have been preserved through conservation efforts, the town of Ogden Dunes houses the Hour Glass, a museum showcasing the ecological and conservation efforts of O. D. Frank. The regions largest city is Hammond, followed closely by Gary, john, Cedar Lake, Valparaiso, and Winfield. The counties of Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton and Porter are included in the Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City Combined Statistical Area, unlike the majority of Indiana, which operates on Eastern Standard Time, these counties are among six in Northern Indiana that are in the Central Time Zone. This reflects their close integration in the Chicago metropolitan area. Three counties — Lake, Porter and LaPorte — are served by the Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission metropolitan planning organization, Northwest Indiana is the home of Marktown, Clayton Marks planned worker community. The urban areas of Lake County and the urbanized part of Porter County are sometimes referred to as The Region, or colloquially, humorously, or even pejoratively. The Lake Michigan shore is a major attraction, the terrain of Northwest Indiana varies from very steep and rugged at the dunes, to rolling in the moraines, and to pancake flat in the river valleys. It was shaped by glacial activity and Lake Michigan, the Chicago Lake Plain covers the relatively flat northern quarter of Northwest Indiana north of the moraines. Initially, the plain was flat, composed of glacio-lacustrine deposits and these formed under the waters of glacial Lake Michigan. The lake formed from the melting glaciers north of the Valparaiso Moraine, eventually the lake overflowed a low spot on the moraine at the Chicago Outlet near the southwest suburbs. This lowered the level to current day Lake Michigan levels. As the lake shrunk, it left a series of sand ridges where its ancient beaches were, along the Lake Michigan shoreline, the prevailing winds have built a series of dune ridges, breaking up the original flat surface of the Lake Plain. South of the Chicago Lake Plain in the parts of Lake and Porter County. The Wheaton Morainal Plain consist of the Valparaiso Moraine and Tinley Moraine, the plain consist of rolling Wisconsinan-age moraines. The Morainal Plain is clayey till, and sandy and loamy till, with areas of sand, other deposits include lake clay, silt, and alluvium. Deposits are between 50 and 200 ft thick, with southern areas have over 200 ft of till
26.
Canadian National Railway
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The Canadian National Railway Company is a Canadian Class I railway headquartered in Montreal, Quebec that serves Canada and the Midwestern and Southern United States. CNs slogan is North Americas Railroad, CN is a public company with 24,000 employees. It had a capitalization of 32 billion CAD in 2011. CN was government-owned, having been a Canadian Crown corporation from its founding to its privatization in 1995, bill Gates was, in 2011, the largest single shareholder of CN stock. Its range once reached across the island of Newfoundland until 1988, the railway was referred to as the Canadian National Railways between 1918 and 1960, and as Canadian National/Canadien National from 1960 to the present. On November 17,1995, the government privatized CN. Over the next decade, the company expanded significantly into the United States, purchasing Illinois Central Railroad and Wisconsin Central Transportation, now primarily a freight railway, CN also operated passenger services until 1978, when they were assumed by Via Rail. The Newfoundland mixed trains lasted until 1988, while the Montreal commuter trains are now operated by Montreals AMT, the absorption of the Intercolonial Railway would see CNR adopt that systems slogan The Peoples Railway. The federal governments Department of Railways and Canals took over operation of the GTPR until July 12,1920, the Canadian National Railway was organized on October 10,1922. After several years of arbitration, the GTR was absorbed into CNR on January 30,1923, Canadian National Railways was born out of both wartime and domestic urgency. Railways, until the rise of the automobile and creation of taxpayer-funded all-weather highways, were the only viable long-distance land transportation available in Canada for many years. As such, their operation consumed a great deal of public, in the early 20th century, many governments were taking a more interventionist role in the economy, foreshadowing the influence of economists like John Maynard Keynes. This political trend, combined with broader geo-political events, made nationalization an appealing choice for Canada, the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 and allied involvement in the Russian Revolution seemed to validate the continuing process. The need for a rail system was paramount in a time of civil unrest. CN Telegraph originated as the Great North West Telegraph Company in 1880 to connect Ontario and Manitoba, in 1915, facing bankruptcy, GNWTC was acquired by the Canadian Northern Railways telegraph company. When Canadian Northern was nationalized in 1918 and amalgamated into Canadian National Railways in 1921, CN Telegraphs began co-operating with its Canadian Pacific owned rival CPR Telegraphs in the 1930s, sharing telegraph networks and co-founding a teleprinter system in 1957. In 1967 the two services were amalgamated into a joint venture CNCP Telecommunications which evolved into a telecoms company, CN sold its stake of the company to CP in 1984. This led to the creation of a network of CNR radio stations across the country, as anyone in the vicinity of a station could hear its broadcasts the networks audience extended far beyond train passengers to the public at large
27.
Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad
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The Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad, also known as the South Shore Line, is a Class III freight railroad operating between Chicago, Illinois, and South Bend, Indiana. The railroad serves as a link between Class I railroads and local industries in northeast Illinois and northwest Indiana and it built the South Shore Line electric interurban and operated it until 1990, when it transferred it to the Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District. The railroad is owned by the Anacostia Rail Holdings Company, the South Shore began in 1901 as the Chicago and Indiana Air Line Railway, a streetcar route between East Chicago and Indiana Harbor. Reorganized as the Chicago, Lake Shore and South Bend Railway in 1904, by 1908 its route had reached South Bend, Indiana via Michigan City, the company leased the Kensington and Eastern Railroad, an Illinois Central Railroad subsidiary, to gain access to Chicago. Passenger service between South Bend and Chicago began in 1909, the Lake Shore added freight service in 1916. Samuel Insull acquired the bankrupt Lake Shore in 1925 and reorganized it as the Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad, the railroad experienced two more bankruptcies, in 1933 and 1938. The post-World War II decline in traffic hurt the company, and it was bought by the Chesapeake, in 1977 the Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District began subsidizing the passenger operations on the South Shore Line. In 1984 the Venango River Corporation purchased the South Shore from the C&O. Venango declared bankruptcy in 1989, in 1990 the Anacostia and Pacific Company acquired the South Shore. The NICTD purchased the passenger assets, the South Shore acquired the Kensington and Eastern Railroad from the Illinois Central Railroad in 1996. The Surface Transportation Board classes the South Shore as a Class III railroad, the railroad operates diesel locomotives on the whole line. Via trackage rights it connects to other railroads in the Chicago area, with connections to the Port of Chicago, Proviso Yard. The railroads primary businesses are coal and steel, the coal delivered to the Michigan City and it also serves many online customers along the line. South Shore Line Middleton, William D. Insulls Super-Interurban, in Cohen, Ronald D. McShane, Stephen G. Moonlight in Duneland, The Illustrated Story of the Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad. Along the Chicago South Shore & South Bend Rail Line, Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad Official Site Anacostia Rail Holding -- Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad Webpage
28.
Hammond station (South Shore Line)
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Hammond is a South Shore Line station in Hammond, Indiana that serves trains west and north to Millennium Station and east to East Chicago, Gary, Michigan City, and South Bend, Indiana. The station originally had platforms, but in 1998, the platforms were raised to allow accessibility for people with disabilities. The station house was remodeled and modernized. Westbound, this is the last stop before trains cross into Illinois, Hammond consists of a pair of high-level platforms located between the crossings of Hohman and Johnson Avenues. The tracks through the station are tracks which permit the passage of freight trains. The station building is located east of Hohman Avenue south of the tracks, the station is not staffed, instead only being equipped with a ticket vending machine. To the east of the station is a lot with capacity for 718 cars. Hammond–Whiting station South Shore Line - Stations Hammond Station since 1998 Station from Hohman Avenue from Google Maps Street View
29.
Monon Trail
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The Monon Trail is a rail trail located entirely within the state of Indiana. The Monon Railroad was a railroad line connecting the cities of Chicago and Indianapolis. After the decline of travel and the sale of the company in 1987. In Northwest Indiana, the trail is only 4.4 miles long, running through Lake County from Munster to Hammond, in the Indianapolis area, the trail consists of 18.1 miles running through Hamilton and Marion counties, connecting Indianapolis, Carmel, and Westfield. The first portions of the trail were created in the late 1990s, today, the trail is a shared use path, complete with trailheads, park amenities, and local attractions near it. In 2014, the trail was extended, with a segment opening between Munster and Hammond. The segment connected a previously existing portion of the Monon Trail located entirely within Munster, the extension required the reconstruction of the old 1909 railroad bridge across the Little Calumet River, at a cost of approximately $1.5 million. The Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District, which operates the South Shore commuter rail service, is planning to reestablish a rail route along the old Monon right-of-way, plans to create a shared use trail on the former Monon right-of-way date back to the late 1980s. In 1999, a 10.0 miles segment in Indianapolis was completed, the first phase of the trail cost approximately $5.5 million to create. In Indianapolis the Monon connects with the Central Canal Towpath along the Indiana Central Canal, in Westfield, the trail provides access to the Midland Trace, Anna Kendall, and the Little Eagle Creek trails. In the Indianapolis area, the Monon Trail is used by more than 1.3 million people annually, visitor attractions along the trail, Monon Depot Museum Carmel City Center Monon Community Center Indianapolis Art Center Maps Monon Trail Map. Carmel · Clay Parks & Recreation, City of Indianapolis and Marion County. Video overview Ride the Monon Trail, A Challenge to You on YouTube
30.
Overpass
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An overpass is a bridge, road, railway or similar structure that crosses over another road or railway. An overpass and underpass together form a grade separation, Stack interchanges are made up of many overpasses. The worlds first railroad flyover was constructed in 1843 by the London and Croydon Railway at Norwood Junction railway station to carry its atmospheric railway vehicles over the Brighton Main Line, the first flyover in India was opened on 14 April 1965 at Kemps Corner in Mumbai. The 48-foot-long bridge was constructed in seven months by Shirish Patel at a cost of ₹17.5 lakh. In North American usage, a flyover is an overpass, built above main overpass lanes. Traffic engineers usually refer to the latter as a grade separation, a cloverleaf or partial cloverleaf contains some 270 degree loops, which can slow traffic and can be difficult to construct with multiple lanes. Where all such turns are replaced with flyovers only 90 degree turns are needed, depending upon design, traffic may flow in all directions at or near open road speeds. For more examples see Freeway interchange, a pedestrian overpass allows pedestrians safe crossing over busy roads without impacting traffic. Railway overpasses are used to level crossings as a safer alternative. Using overpasses allows for unobstructed rail traffic to flow without conflicting with vehicular, rapid transit systems use complete grade separation of their rights of way to avoid traffic interference with frequent and reliable service. Railroads also use balloon loops and flying instead of flat junctions, as a way to reverse direction. Footbridge Skyway Stack interchange Viaduct Overpass at Encyclopædia Britannica
31.
Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway
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The Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway was a Class I railroad, operating between Waukegan, Illinois and Gary and Porter Indiana. Nicknames for the railroad included The J and The Chicago Outer Belt Line, at the end of 1970, the EJ&E operated 205 miles of road on 985 miles of track, carrying 848 million ton-miles of revenue freight in that year alone. On September 26,2007, the Canadian National Railway announced that it planned to purchase a majority of the EJ&E, the purchase was approved on December 24,2008 by the U. S. Surface Transportation Board, and the deal was consummated effective February 1,2009, in the years immediately following the merger, the railroad existed as a subsidiary of Canadian National, and EJ&E locomotives that were repainted into CN colors were sub-lettered for the EJ&E. On December 31,2012, Canadian National announced that the merger of the EJ&E into Wisconsin Central Ltd. had been completed, on January 1,2013, the EJ&E effectively ceased to exist,124 years to the day it was founded. The Elgin, Joliet and Eastern was created several local railroads in Illinois. The systems that would make up the EJ&E included the Joliet, Aurora & Northern Railway and Elgin, the Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway began operations on December 4,1888 through the merger of these two systems. The EJ&E moved to serve industries in the Hammond-East Chicago-Whiting industrial district by acquiring rights in 1894. However, construction of the present line to Gary, Whiting and South Chicago was initiated in 1899 by the Griffith, connections with the Chicago, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway and the Western Indiana Railway further penetrated the district, although the EJ&E subsequently acquired both lines. In 1901, United States Steel Corporation purchased the railroad, the railroads passenger services began with the start of operations in January 1889. The railroad stopped operating trains in 1907, but continued passenger service until 1909. During those two years, passengers would be transported by caboose, the EJ&E underwent dieselization relatively early. In 1937, the railroad acquired its first diesel-electric locomotive, an EMC SW switcher, over the next 12 years, the entire steam fleet was replaced with first generation diesels. The first road diesel, Baldwin DT-6-6-2000 #100, was delivered to the railroad in May 1946, the final steam movement occurred in late May 1949, led by a Mikado 2-8-2, EJ&E #740. The locomotive was sold to the scrapper that September, in 1988, United States Steel and the Blackstone Group formed Transtar Inc. to serve as a shareholder of the EJ&E and several other affiliated railroads and companies. In March 2001, the Blackstone Group ended their ownership interest in Transtar, on May 16,2006, the EJ&E was the recipient of the 2005 Bronze E. H. Harriman Award for employee safety in group C. On September 10,2007, Crains Chicago Business reported that the Canadian National Railway was in talks to purchase the EJ&E, the purchase agreement was officially announced on September 26, CN would purchase the majority of the line. The purchase was expected to close in mid-2008, valued at $300 million
32.
CSX Transportation
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CSX Transportation is a Class I railroad in the United States. The main subsidiary of the CSX Corporation, the railroad is headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida, CSX operates one of the three Class I railroads serving most of the East Coast, the other two being the Norfolk Southern Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway. It also serves the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec, together CSX and Norfolk Southern Railway have a duopoly over all east-west freight rail traffic east of the Mississippi River. As of October 1,2014, CSXs total public stock value was slightly over $32 billion, CSX Transportation was formed on July 1,1986, by combining the Chessie System and Seaboard System Railroad. The origin of the Chessie System was the former Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, which had merged with the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, on June 6,1998, the STB approved the CSX–NS application and set August 22,1998, as the effective date of its decision. CSX acquired 42 percent of Conrails assets, and NS received the remaining 58 percent, as a result of the transaction, CSXs rail operations grew to include some 3,800 miles of the Conrail system. CSX began operating its trains on its portion of the Conrail network on June 1,1999, CSX now serves much of the eastern U. S. with a few routes into nearby Canadian cities. The name came about during merger talks between Chessie System, Inc. and Seaboard System Railroad, Inc. commonly called Chessie, the company chairmen said it was important for the new name to include neither of those names because it was a partnership. Employees were asked for suggestions, most of which consisted of combinations of the initials, at the same time a temporary shorthand name was needed for discussions with the Interstate Commerce Commission. CSC was chosen but belonged to a company in Virginia. The lawyers decided to use CSX, and the name stuck, in the public announcement, it was said that CSX is singularly appropriate. C can stand for Chessie, S for Seaboard, and X, however, in the August 9,2016 article on the Railway Age website stated that. And the X was for Consolidated, the T had to be added to CSX when used as a reporting mark because reporting marks that end in X means that the car is owned by a leasing company or private car owner. Its current slogan, How Tomorrow Moves, appeared in 2008, in 2014 Canadian Pacific Railway approached CSX with an offer to merge the two companies, but CSX declined and in 2015 Canadian Pacific made an attempt to purchase and merge with Norfolk Southern. In 2017 CSX announced Hunter Harrison as its new chief executive, CSX added 5 new directors to their board, including Harrison and Mantle Ridge founder Paul Hilal. Mantle Ridge owns 4.9 percent of CSX, CSX operates two regions of five divisions each, the Northern, based in Calumet City, Illinois, and Southern, based in Jacksonville, Florida. The CEO of CSX is Hunter Harrison as of Feb 2017, o823, Q740 and Q741, Q743, and Q745—which consists of Tropicana cars that carry fresh orange juice between Bradenton, Florida, and the Greenville section of Jersey City, New Jersey. The train also runs from Bradenton to Fort Pierce, Florida, in the 21st century, the Juice Train has been studied as a model of efficient rail transportation that can compete with trucks and other modes in the perishable-goods trade
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U.S. Route 30
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U. S. Route 30 is an east–west main route of the system of United States Numbered Highways, with the highway traveling across the northern tier of the country. It is the third longest U. S. route, after U. S. Route 20, the western end of the highway is at Astoria, Oregon, the eastern end is in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Despite long stretches of parallel and concurrent Interstate Highways, it has managed to avoid the decommissioning that has happened to other long haul routes such as U. S. Route 66. Much of the historic Lincoln Highway, the first road across America, became part of US30, it is still known by that name in many areas. The west end of US30 is at an intersection with U. S. Route 101 at the end of the Astoria–Megler Bridge in downtown Astoria, Oregon. It heads east to Portland, where it uses a section of freeway built for the canceled Interstate 505. From there it heads around the side of downtown on Interstate 405. Most of the rest of the route is concurrent with I-84, with only about 70 miles, under 1/5 of its length, off the freeway. Upon entering Idaho, US30 runs along its old route through Fruitland. It leaves at Bliss and soon crosses the Snake River, running south of it through Twin Falls and Burley before crossing it again, at the split with Interstate 86, US30 continues east with I-86 almost to its end at Pocatello. US30 cuts southeast through downtown Pocatello to Interstate 15, where it heads south to McCammon, there it exits and heads east and southeast, not parallel to an Interstate for the first time since Portland, into Wyoming. The Thousand Springs Scenic Byway is a section of old US30 in southern Idaho between the towns of Bliss and Buhl, dipping down into the Hagerman Valley and a canyon of the Snake River. These springs are outlets from the Snake River Aquifer, which flows through thousands of miles of porous volcanic rock and is one of the largest groundwater systems in the world. The aquifer is believed to be fed by the Lost River which disappears into lava flows near Arco, in Wyoming, US30 heads southeast through Kemmerer to Granger, where it joins Interstate 80 across southern Wyoming. It is also here that it joins the historic Lincoln Highway, from the state line to Grand Island, US30 closely parallels I-80. East of Grand Island, US30 diverges from I-80 and runs northeast towards Columbus on a parallel to the Platte River. At Columbus, it turns east towards Schuyler and Fremont and crosses the Missouri River into Iowa east of Blair, US30 crosses Iowa from west to east approximately 20 miles north of Interstate 80. Between Missouri Valley and Denison, the runs in a southwest-to-northeast direction
34.
Monon Railroad
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The Monon Railroad, also known as the Chicago, Indianapolis, and Louisville Railway from 1897 to 1956, was an American railroad that operated almost entirely within the state of Indiana. The Monon was merged into the Louisville and Nashville Railroad in 1971, in 1970 it operated 540 miles of road on 792 miles of track, that year it reported 1320 million ton-miles of revenue freight and zero passenger-miles. 1847, The New Albany and Salem Railroad is organized with James Brooks as president,1854, The NA&S trackage stretches from the Ohio River to the Great Lakes. 1859, The overextended and struggling NA&S is renamed the Louisville, New Albany, april 30,1865, The LNA&C becomes one of twenty railroads to haul Abraham Lincolns funeral train, from Lafayette, Indiana to Michigan City, Indiana. 1873, The LNA&C Railroad is reorganized as the Louisville, New Albany,1881, The LNA&C consolidates with the Chicago and Indianapolis Air Line Railway, and the trackage of the new division is soon extended to reach into its namesake cities. July 1,1897, The LNA&C is reorganized as the Chicago, Indianapolis,1932, The 300 pound Monon Bell is first presented as the trophy of the annual football matchup between DePauw University and Wabash College. 1946, John W. Barriger III becomes President of the Monon, june 29,1949, Final day of steam locomotive service, as the Monon becomes one of the first Class I railroads to fully convert to diesel motive power. January 11,1956, The CI&L officially adopts its longtime nickname, Monon,1959, The Monons passenger service between Chicago, Illinois and Indianapolis, Indiana is discontinued. By 1965, only the Thoroughbred remained, with its single daily roundtrip from Chicago to Louisville, september 30,1967, Final day of regularly scheduled passenger train service on the Monon. July 31,1971, The Monon is merged into the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, josephs College in Rensselaer, Indiana The university traffic was important enough to the Monon that the railroad used the schools colors on its rolling stock. From Monon, the mainlines reached out to Chicago, Louisville, Indianapolis, in Chicago the Monons passenger trains served Dearborn Station. Branches connected the Louisville mainline to Victoria, Indiana and French Lick, the Monons main line ran down the middle of streets in several cities, notably Lafayette, New Albany, and Bedford. It also installed a home grown warning signal at many grade crossings. A sign below or to the side of the signal read, beginning in the north, Section One was from the Indiana line to Lafayette, passing through the Monon switch in Monon. As a primary route, it connected to Section Four running between Lafayette and Bloomington. This route reached the Ohio River over Section Five from Bloomington to New Albany, from this southern route, Sections Six and Seven were spurs to the west. Section Six served the coal fields between Midland and Clay City, connecting to the line at Wallace Junction, just south of Cloverdale. Section Seven provided passenger service to the hotels in West Baden and French Lick
35.
Federal Transit Administration
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The Federal Transit Administration is an agency within the United States Department of Transportation that provides financial and technical assistance to local public transportation systems. The FTA is one of ten modal administrations within the DOT, until 1991, it was known as the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Public transportation includes buses, subways, light rail, commuter rail, monorail, passenger boats, trolleys, inclined railways. The federal government, through the FTA, provides assistance to develop new transit systems and improve, maintain. The FTA oversees grants to state and local providers, primarily through its ten regional offices. In 1962, President John F. Kennedy sent a major transportation message to the U. S. Congress and it called for the establishment of a program of federal capital assistance for mass transportation. Said President Kennedy, To conserve and enhance values in existing urban areas is essential, but at least as important are steps to promote economic efficiency and livability in areas of future development. The agency was charged with providing assistance for mass transit projects. In 1991, the agency was renamed the Federal Transit Administration, the current Acting Administrator is Carolyn Flowers, having assumed the post in April 2016. The last confirmed FTA Administrator, from May 2009 to January 2014, was Peter M. Rogoff, below is a list of past administrators. Official website American Recovery & Reinvestment Act Federal Transit Administration in the Federal Register
36.
United States Department of Transportation
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The United States Department of Transportation is a federal Cabinet department of the U. S. government concerned with transportation. It was established by an act of Congress on October 15,1966 and it is governed by the United States Secretary of Transportation. Prior to the Department of Transportation, the Under Secretary of Commerce for Transportation administered the functions now associated with the DOT, the awardees include light rail projects. Other projects include both a rail extension and a subway project in New York City, and a bus rapid transit system in Springfield. The budget provided funding for all of the projects currently receiving Recovery Act funding. It also continued funding for another 18 transit projects that are currently under construction or soon will be. Following the same the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2014 delegates $600 million for Infrastructure Investments, the Department of Transportation was authorized a budget for Fiscal Year 2016 of $75.1 billion. e. Did not earn an overall grade
37.
United States Army Corps of Engineers
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The United States Army Corps of Engineers, also sometimes shortened to CoE is a U. S. Although generally associated with dams, canals and flood protection in the United States, the Corps of Engineers provides outdoor recreation opportunities to the public, and provides 24% of U. S. hydropower capacity. The corps mission is to Deliver vital public and military engineering services, partnering in peace and war to strengthen our Nations security, energize the economy and their most visible missions include, Planning, designing, building, and operating locks and dams. Other civil engineering projects include flood control, beach nourishment, design and construction of flood protection systems through various federal mandates. Design and construction management of military facilities for the Army, Air Force, Army Reserve and Air Force Reserve and other Defense and Federal agencies. The history of United States Army Corps of Engineers can be traced back to 16 June 1775, colonel Richard Gridley became General George Washingtons first chief engineer, however, it was not until 1779 that Congress created a separate Corps of Engineers. One of its first tasks was to build fortifications near Boston at Bunker Hill, the first Corps of Engineers was mostly composed of French subjects who had been hired by General Washington from the service of Louis XVI. that the said Corps. Shall be stationed at West Point in the State of New York, until 1866, the superintendent of the United States Military Academy was always an officer of engineer. During the first half of the 19th century, West Point was the major and, for a while, the General Survey Act of 1824 authorized the use of Army engineers to survey road and canal routes. Separately authorized on 4 July 1838, the U. S and it was merged with the Corps of Engineers on 31 March 1863, at which point the Corps of Engineers also assumed the Lakes Survey District mission for the Great Lakes. In 1841, Congress created the Lake Survey, the survey, based in Detroit, Mich. was charged with conducting a hydrographical survey of the Northern and Northwestern Lakes and preparing and publishing nautical charts and other navigation aids. The Lake Survey published its first charts in 1852, in the mid-19th century, Corps of Engineers officers ran Lighthouse Districts in tandem with U. S. Naval officers. The Army Corps of Engineers played a significant role in the American Civil War, many of the men who would serve in the top leadership in this institution were West Point graduates who rose to military fame and power during the Civil War. Some of these men were Union Generals George McClellan, Henry Halleck, George Meade, and Confederate generals Robert E. Lee, Joseph Johnston, the versatility of officers in the Army Corps of Engineers contributed to the success of numerous missions throughout the Civil War. They were responsible for building pontoon and railroad bridges, forts and batteries, the destruction of supply lines. The Army Corps of Engineers served as a function in making the war effort logistically feasible. This method of building trenches was known as the zigzag pattern, from the beginning, many politicians wanted the Corps of Engineers to contribute to both military construction and works of a civil nature. During World War II the mission grew to more than 27,000 military, included were aircraft, tank assembly, and ammunition plants, camps for 5.3 million soldiers, depots, ports, and hospitals, as well as the Manhattan Project, and the Pentagon
