A wharf, quay, or staith is a structure on the shore of a harbour or on the bank of a river or canal where ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers. Such a structure includes one or more berths, may include piers, warehouses, or other facilities necessary for handling the ships. Wharves are considered to be a series of docks at which boats are stationed. Although in modern usage the term'wharf' has become synonymous with'quay' or'jetty', it was an acronym standing for'Warehouse At River Front', thus referring to a storage structure on the quayside, not the quay itself. A wharf comprises a fixed platform on pilings. Commercial ports may have warehouses that serve as interim storage: where it is sufficient a single wharf with a single berth constructed along the land adjacent to the water is used. A pier, raised over the water rather than within it, is used for cases where the weight or volume of cargos will be low. Smaller and more modern wharves are sometimes built on flotation devices to keep them at the same level as the ship during changing tides.
In everyday parlance the term quay is common in the United Kingdom, Canada and many other Commonwealth countries, the Republic of Ireland, whereas the term wharf is more common in the United States. In some contexts wharf and quay may be used to mean berth, or jetty. In old ports such as London many old wharves have been converted to residential or office use. Certain early railways in England referred to goods loading points as "wharves"; the term was carried over from marine usage. The person, resident in charge of the wharf was referred to as a "wharfinger". One explanation is that the word wharf comes from the Old English warft or the Old Dutch word werf, which both evolved to mean "yard", an outdoor place where work is done, like a shipyard or a lumberyard. Werf or werva in Old Dutch referred to inhabited ground, not yet built on, or alternatively to a terp; this could explain the name Ministry Wharf located at Saunderton, just outside High Wycombe, nowhere near any body of water. In support of this explanation is the fact that many places in England with "wharf" in their names are in areas with a high Dutch influence, for example the Norfolk broads.
In the northeast and east of England the term staith or staithe is used. The two terms have had a geographical distinction: those to the north in the Kingdom of Northumbria used the Old English spelling staith, southern sites of the Danelaw took the Danish spelling staithe. Both referred to jetties or wharves. In time, the northern coalfields of Northumbria developed coal staiths for loading coal onto ships and these would adopt the staith spelling as a distinction from simple wharves: for example, Dunston Staiths in Gateshead and Brancaster Staithe in Norfolk. However, the term staith may be used to refer only to loading chutes or ramps used for bulk commodities like coal in loading ships and barges. Quay, on the other hand, has its origin in the Proto-Celtic language. Before it changed to its current form under influence of the modern French quai, its Middle English spelling was key, keye or caye; this in turn came from the Old Norman cai, both meaning "sand bank". The Old French term came from Gaulish caium tracing back to the Proto-Celtic *kagio- "to encompass, enclose".
Modern cognates include Welsh cae "fence, hedge" and Cornish ke "hedge", the Dutch kade. Bollard Canal basin Dock Port Safeguarded wharf The dictionary definition of wharf at Wiktionary The dictionary definition of quay at Wiktionary
El Molino Viejo known as The Old Mill, is a former grist mill in the San Rafael Hills of present-day San Marino, United States, was built in 1816 by Father José María de Zalvidea from the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel. It is the oldest commercial building in Southern California, was one of the first ten sites in Los Angeles County to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places, receiving the recognition in 1971; the Old Mill has been designated as a California Historical Landmark. Though there are varying accounts of the exact date, San Gabriel Mission records indicate it was built in 1816; the mill was built on land owned by the San Gabriel Mission, was designed by Franciscan Father José Maria de Zalvidea in charge of the mission. It was built by Tongvan Mission Indian laborers "under the watchful eye" of Father Zalvidea; the mill was built like a fortress. Its lower walls are nearly five feet thick at the base, are made of brick and volcanic tuff; some have written that the thick fortress-like walls were intended to allow the padres to barricade themselves in the event of "a disturbance among their somewhat uncertain converts."
The upper walls are made of sun-dried adobe slabs, the building's surface is covered with a lime mortar made from burnt sea shells. The pine and sycamore beams are tied with leather thongs, the structure is supported by large buttresses which can still be seen on building's exterior corners. Water was brought to the mill in an open ditch from Los Robles and Kewen Canyons, stored in a large cistern. For the mill itself, Father Zalvidea designed an unusual direct impulse water wheel. There were three vaulted water chambers on a single horizontal water wheel; the water wheel was attached to a vertical shaft that went up to the second level where the grinding stones were located. One of the grinding stones was attached to the shaft, rotated along with the water wheel. A second stone was placed above the rotating stone, with grain between the stones, it is suspected that the force of the water from the cistern was not sufficient to start the wheel turning with the required force, that a leather thong was wrapped around the shaft and pulled by Indians to start the wheel.
The upper-most room, used now as an art gallery, was used for storage of the final product. After the water flowed out of the mill, it was channeled into a lake down hill from the mill; the lake is now the site of San Marino's Lacy Park. It was the first water-powered grist mill in Southern California, some have called it the first grist mill in California. While some have called Father Zalvidea's horizontal design a "mechanical marvel and constructed by a mastermind," others considered the design flawed as it splashed moisture up the shaft, leaving the flour damp; the mill was operational for only seven years, during which time it provided food for the missionaries and Indian neophytes, there were 1,644 Tongva-Gabrieleños in 1816 in the mission community. In 1823, a New England-style mill with a vertical waterwheel was built adjacent to the mission; the new mill resulted in a superior product, the old mill ceased operation. After the new mill was opened in 1823, the Old Mill sat idle for 30 years, during which time it was victimized by vandals and the weather.
In 1846, Pío Pico – last Mexican governor of Alta California – sold 16,000 acres, including the mill, to Julian Workman and Hugo Reid. However, after the Mexican Cession of California to the U. S. in 1848, John C. Fremont refused to accept the validity of the transaction. With title to the land in a state of uncertainty, James S. Waite established squatter's rights over 160 acres, including the Old Mill; the property was subsequently sold to Dr. Thomas White for $500. In 1858, Dr. White conveyed the "Old Mill Site" to his daughter Fannie Kewen. Kewen, both lived there for 20 years; the Kewens added onto the building, installing French windows, a front portico, a small plaza. Col. Kewen has been described as "old-time Southern gentleman" and "one of the most courteous and politely-polished men California has seen." There are many accounts of parties hosted by the Kewens at the Old Mill and of their "prodigal hospitality" and "gracious style of living". It was said that "the gallant and gay gathered from miles'round, listened to the twanging of the guitar and the jolly click of the castenets, through it all danced gay dances on the floors that once had echoed the quiet footfall of the priest."
In 1879, the Kewens defaulted on a mortgage, the property was foreclosed on by J. Edward Hollenbeck. Hollenbeck sold the property to Edward Mayberry in 1881, who used the structure as housing for his ranch superintendent. In 1898, Los Angeles Times reporter Topsy Tinkle wrote a lengthy article following a visit to El Molino Viejo. At that time, the mill was being used to store wine, causing the smell of wine to permeate the building, as a sleeping place for hired men. Tinkle described the condition of the mill as follows: The grinding-stones have gone, the machinery that in the romantic time of the old mission padres and their Indian neophytes, was wont to turn their corn into meal, yet, in the material of the building itself, no sign of decay; the large oak beams, only ten inches apart, as sound as in the day the original trees lifted their leafy tops high in air. The cement of which the structure is made defies time... There are three wheel-houses, the arches of which have been bricked up, the old millstone
Rosalie Lalonde is a Canadian 3.0 point wheelchair basketball player who won a silver medal at the 2015 Parapan American Games in Toronto. In 2016, she was selected as part of the team for the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro Rosalie Lalonde was born in Montreal, Quebec, on March 27, 1997; as of 2016, she lives in Quebec. A 3.0 point player, she began playing wheelchair basketball in 2011. A reluctant player, she began playing locally for the Quebec provincial junior team, for the senior provincial women's team. In 2013, she played for the national side in the U21 3-on-3 women's wheelchair basketball at the Youth Parapan American Games in Buenos Aires, winning silver. In 2015, she joined the U25 national women's team, which played in the 2015 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship in Beijing, China in June and July 2015, made her debut with the senior team for the 2015 Parapan American Games in Toronto, winning silver. In May 2016, she won a scholarship to the University of Alabama, where she will play for its Crimson Tide Wheelchair basketball team, study Human Development and Family Studies.
In her first season she won the National College Championship with the Crimson Tide. After a tough loss in the final against UTA in her second year, she took home the title in her junior year 2019. To top it off, in April 2016 her Quebec team, Les Gladiateurs de Laval won the Canadian Wheelchair Basketball National League Women’s National Championship in Longueuil, defeating Edmonton Inferno 60–56. In June 2016, she was named as part of the senior national side for the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro. At 19, she was the youngest player on the team. 2019 - Collegiate National Champion 2017 - Collegiate National Champion 2016 – Wheelchair Basketball Canada Junior Athlete of the Year 2015 – Silver at 2015 Parapan American Games 2015 – Gold at Canada Games with Team Quebec 2013 – Silver place at Youth Parapan American Games in the U21 3-on-3 women's wheelchair basketball
The Kingdom of Nekor was an emirate centered in the Rif area of present-day Morocco. Its capital was located at Temsaman, moved to Nekor; the dynasty was founded in 710 CE by Salih I ibn Mansur through a Caliphate grant. Under his guidance, the local Berber tribes adopted Islam, but deposed him in favor of one az-Zaydi from the Nafza tribe, they subsequently changed reappointed Ibn Mansur. His dynasty, the Banū Sālih, thereafter ruled the region until 1019. In 859, the kingdom became subject to a 62 ship-strong group of Vikings who defeated a Moorish force in Nekor that had attempted to interfere with their plunderings in the area. After staying for eight days in Morocco, the Vikings went back to Spain and continued up the east coast; the Nekor kingdom comprised part of the Moroccan Rif and included the tribes of Zouagha and Djeraoua of Ibn Abī l-ʻAys, about five days' journey from Nekor. This area was flanked by the territory of the Matmata, Mernissa, Ghassasa of Mount Herek, Quluʻ Jarra belonging to the Banū Urtendi.
On the west, it extended to the Banū Marwan of Ghomara and the Banū Humayd and bordered the Mestassa and Sanhaja. Behind these lay the Awraba, the band of Ferhun, the Banū Walīd, the Zenata, the Banū Irnian and the Banū Merasen of the band of Qāsim, Lord of Sa. In the north, it was bounded by some five miles from Nekor. Salih I ibn Mansur "al-`Abd as-Salih" al-Mu'tasim ibn Salih, said to have been pious Idris I ibn Salih, who founded Nekor Sa'id I ibn Idris, who moved the capital to Nekor. In his reign, Nekor was sacked by the Vikings, who took many prisoners, a few of whom were ransomed by the Umayyad ruler of Spain. Part of the Ghomara tribe revolted, led by a person called Segguen. Salih II ibn Sa'id, whose brother was defeated. Sa'id II ibn Salih. However, his sons took refuge in Málaga with the Umayyad caliph, returned once Messala had left the region and expelled his garrison. Salih III ibn Sa'id. Abd al-Badi' ibn Salih "el-Mu'ayyid". However, the line was resumed by: Abu Ayyub Isma'il ibn'Abd al Malik ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Sa'id I ibn Salih, defeated and killed by yet another Fatimid general, Sandal the mawla.
However, when Sandal departed for Fez, installing a governor called Marmazu of the Kutama tribe, the inhabitants rebelled and installed yet another member of the line: Musa ibn Rumi ibn Abd as-Sami` ibn Salih ibn Idris I ibn Salih, who defeated Marmazu and sent his head to the Umayyad Caliph in Cordoba. However, he was soon exiled by his relative: Abd as-Sami' ibn Jurthum ibn Idris ibn Salih I ibn Mansur, his people rose up and killed him, sent for one of his relatives from Málaga: Jurthum ibn Ahmad ibn Ziyadat Allah ibn Sa'id I ibn Idris, who adopted the Maliki school of jurisprudence. Thenceforth, the kingdom remained in his line until the Azdâji emir Ya'la ibn Futuh conquered it in 1019 and expelled the family. All dates are converted from Hijri, may be up to a year out; this is based on Ibn Khaldun, whose account is itself based on al-Bakri. Berghouata Maghrawa List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
Maximiliano Alberto Lovera is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Greek club Olympiacos. Lovera joined the Rosario Central senior squad for the 2016 Argentine Primera División season, making his professional debut on 2 May 2016 during a loss to Gimnasia y Esgrima, he made Quilmes on 15 May. In his first match of 2016–17, in December, Lovera netted the first goal of his career in a defeat against Lanús, he ended that season with two goals in sixteen fixtures. On 31 August 2019, after three goals in sixty-nine matches, Lovera left Rosario Central for Super League Greece side Olympiacos, his first appearance came against Lamia on 28 September. In July 2017, Lovera was selected for Argentina U20 training, he was again chosen by the U20s in the following May, to train with the senior squad at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. In October 2018, Lovera scored for the U20s in a friendly with Ecuador; as of match played 4 March 2020. Rosario CentralCopa Argentina: 2017–18 Maximiliano Lovera at Soccerway
2 Bad Mice are an English breakbeat hardcore group, composed of Sean O'Keeffe, Simon Colebrooke, Rob Playford, the latter the owner of the Moving Shadow record label. 2 Bad Mice are credited as among the first UK hardcore acts to begin incorporating breakbeats into their style. They were part of the early to mid-1990s hardcore scene, were instrumental in the music's steady mutation into jungle/drum and bass; the members of 2 Bad Mice are members of Kaotic Chemistry, a three-person group. Their two UK Singles Chart successes were "Hold It Down" which reached number 48 in February 1992, "Bombscare" which reached number 46 in September 1996. Although 2 Bad Mice stopped producing as the hardcore scene began to wane, a best-of compilation of the group's work appeared on the American Sme Communications label in 1995. Playford continues to record as under the alias Timecode, while O'Keeffe records under the name Deep Blue and as a member of Black Rain. In 1997, the song "Jackalmouse" appeared in the movie The Jackal in the scene where Bruce Willis kissed a man in a gay nightclub.
A new label was created in 1996 with the help of Terry Donavan. This label, carried new mixes from Tall Paul, DJ Sneak, Graham Gold, along with the original and Parliament Squares versions. Rhodes went on to front promo campaign, touring with the other new member Brucella. Official 2 Bad Mice website 2 Bad Mice discography at Discogs 2 Bad Mice at Rolldabeats