1.
Van Gogh Museum
–
The Van Gogh Museum is an art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in Amsterdam in the Netherlands. It is located at the Museum Square in the borough Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, the museum opened on 2 June 1973. It is located in buildings designed by Gerrit Rietveld and Kisho Kurokawa, the museums collection is the largest collection of Van Goghs paintings and drawings in the world. In 2015, the museum had 1.9 million visitors, and was the 2nd most visited museum in the Netherlands, upon Vincent van Goghs death in 1890, his work not sold fell into the possession of his brother Theo. Theo died six months after Vincent, leaving the work in the possession of his widow, selling many of Vincents paintings with the ambition of spreading knowledge of his artwork, Johanna maintained a private collection of his works. Design for a Van Gogh Museum was commissioned by the Dutch government in 1963 to Dutch architect, Rietveld died a year later, and the building was not completed until 1973, when the museum opened its doors. In 1998 and 1999, the building was renovated by the Dutch architect Martien van Goor, starting in late 2012, the museum was closed for renovations for six months. During this period,75 works from the collection were shown in the Hermitage Amsterdam, on 9 September 2013, the museum unveiled a long-lost Van Gogh painting that spent years in a Norwegian attic believed to be by another painter. It is the first full-size canvas by him discovered since 1928, sunset at Montmajour depicts trees, bushes and sky, painted with Van Goghs familiar thick brush strokes. It can be dated to the day it was painted because he described it in a letter to his brother, Theo. In 1991, twenty paintings were stolen from the museum, among them Van Goghs early painting The Potato Eaters, although the thieves escaped from the building,35 minutes later all stolen paintings were recovered from an abandoned car. Three paintings – Wheatfield with Crows, Still Life with Bible, four men, including two museum guards, were convicted for the theft and given six or seven-year sentences. It is considered to be the largest art theft in the Netherlands since the Second World War, in 2002, two paintings were stolen from the museum, Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen and View of the Sea at Scheveningen. Two Dutchmen were convicted for the theft to four-and-a-half-year sentences, the museum offered a reward of €100,000 for information leading to the recovery of the paintings. The FBI Art Crime Team listed the robbery on their Top Ten Art Crimes list, in September 2016, both paintings were discovered by the Guardia di Finanza in Naples, Italy. The two artworks were found in a good state, according to the Van Gogh Museum. The museum is situated at the Museumplein in Amsterdam-Zuid, on the Paulus Potterstraat 7, the museum consists of two buildings, the Rietveld building, designed by Gerrit Rietveld, and the Kurokawa wing, designed by Kisho Kurokawa. The museum offices are housed on Stadhouderskade 55 in Amsterdam-Zuid, the Rietveld building is the main structure of the museum and exhibits the permanent collection
Van Gogh Museum
–
Museum at the
Museumplein in 2008
Van Gogh Museum
–
Location within the city center of Amsterdam
Van Gogh Museum
–
Johanna van Gogh-Bonger (1925) by
Isaac Israëls
Van Gogh Museum
–
Vincent van Gogh - Self-portrait with pipe, 1886, Van Gogh Museum
2.
Amsterdam
–
Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Its status as the capital is mandated by the Constitution of the Netherlands, although it is not the seat of the government, which is The Hague. Amsterdam has a population of 851,373 within the city proper,1,351,587 in the urban area, the city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. The metropolitan area comprises much of the part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe. Amsterdams name derives from Amstelredamme, indicative of the citys origin around a dam in the river Amstel, during that time, the city was the leading centre for finance and diamonds. In the 19th and 20th centuries the city expanded, and many new neighborhoods and suburbs were planned, the 17th-century canals of Amsterdam and the 19–20th century Defence Line of Amsterdam are on the UNESCO World Heritage List. As the commercial capital of the Netherlands and one of the top financial centres in Europe, Amsterdam is considered a world city by the Globalization. The city is also the capital of the Netherlands. Many large Dutch institutions have their headquarters there, and seven of the worlds 500 largest companies, including Philips and ING, are based in the city. In 2012, Amsterdam was ranked the second best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit and 12th globally on quality of living for environment, the city was ranked 3rd in innovation by Australian innovation agency 2thinknow in their Innovation Cities Index 2009. The Amsterdam seaport to this day remains the second in the country, famous Amsterdam residents include the diarist Anne Frank, artists Rembrandt van Rijn and Vincent van Gogh, and philosopher Baruch Spinoza. The Amsterdam Stock Exchange, the oldest stock exchange in the world, is located in the city center. After the floods of 1170 and 1173, locals near the river Amstel built a bridge over the river, the earliest recorded use of that name is in a document dated October 27,1275, which exempted inhabitants of the village from paying bridge tolls to Count Floris V. This allowed the inhabitants of the village of Aemstelredamme to travel freely through the County of Holland, paying no tolls at bridges, locks, the certificate describes the inhabitants as homines manentes apud Amestelledamme. By 1327, the name had developed into Aemsterdam, Amsterdam is much younger than Dutch cities such as Nijmegen, Rotterdam, and Utrecht. In October 2008, historical geographer Chris de Bont suggested that the land around Amsterdam was being reclaimed as early as the late 10th century. This does not necessarily mean there was already a settlement then, since reclamation of land may not have been for farming—it may have been for peat. Amsterdam was granted city rights in either 1300 or 1306, from the 14th century on, Amsterdam flourished, largely from trade with the Hanseatic League
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam
3.
Vincent van Gogh
–
Vincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. In just over a decade he created about 2,100 artworks, including around 860 oil paintings and his suicide at 37 followed years of mental illness and poverty. Born into a family, Van Gogh drew as a child and was serious, quiet. As a young man he worked as an art dealer, often travelling and he turned to religion, and spent time as a Protestant missionary in southern Belgium. He drifted in ill health and solitude before taking up painting in 1881 and his younger brother Theo supported him financially, and the two kept up a long correspondence by letter. His early works, mostly still lifes and depictions of peasant labourers, in 1886 he moved to Paris, where he met members of the avant-garde, including Émile Bernard and Paul Gauguin, who were reacting against the Impressionist sensibility. As his work developed he created a new approach to still lifes and his paintings grew brighter in colour as he developed a style that became fully realised during his stay in Arles in the south of France in 1888. During this period he broadened his subject matter to include trees, cypresses, wheat fields. Van Gogh suffered from episodes and delusions and though he worried about his mental stability, he often neglected his physical health, did not eat properly. His friendship with Gauguin ended after a confrontation with a razor and he spent time in psychiatric hospitals, including a period at Saint-Rémy. After he discharged himself and moved to the Auberge Ravoux in Auvers-sur-Oise near Paris and his depression continued and on 27 July 1890, Van Gogh shot himself in the chest with a revolver. He died from his injuries two days later, Van Gogh was unsuccessful during his lifetime, and was considered a madman and a failure. He became famous after his suicide, and exists in the imagination as the quintessential misunderstood genius. His reputation began to grow in the early 20th century as elements of his style came to be incorporated by the Fauves. The most comprehensive source on Van Gogh is the correspondence between him and his younger brother, Theo. Their lifelong friendship, and most of what is known of Vincents thoughts, Theo van Gogh was an art dealer and provided his brother with financial and emotional support, and access to influential people on the contemporary art scene. Theo kept all of Vincents letters to him, Vincent kept few of the letters he received, after both had died, Theos widow Johanna arranged for the publication of some of their letters. A few appeared in 1906 and 1913, the majority were published in 1914, Vincents letters are eloquent and expressive and have been described as having a diary-like intimacy, and read in parts like autobiography
Vincent van Gogh
–
Self-Portrait, Spring 1887, Oil on pasteboard, 42 × 33.7 cm.,
Art Institute of Chicago (F 345)
Vincent van Gogh
–
Vincent c. 1871-1872 aged 18. This photograph was taken at the time when he was working at the branch of
Goupil & Cie 's gallery in
The Hague.
Vincent van Gogh
–
Vincent c. 1866, approx. age 13
Vincent van Gogh
–
Van Gogh's drawing of
87 Hackford Road
4.
Oil painting
–
Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments with a medium of drying oil as the binder. Commonly used drying oils include linseed oil, poppy seed oil, walnut oil, the choice of oil imparts a range of properties to the oil paint, such as the amount of yellowing or drying time. Certain differences, depending on the oil, are visible in the sheen of the paints. An artist might use different oils in the same painting depending on specific pigments and effects desired. The paints themselves also develop a particular consistency depending on the medium, the oil may be boiled with a resin, such as pine resin or frankincense, to create a varnish prized for its body and gloss. Its practice may have migrated westward during the Middle Ages, Oil paint eventually became the principal medium used for creating artworks as its advantages became widely known. In recent years, water miscible oil paint has come to prominence and, to some extent, water-soluble paints contain an emulsifier that allows them to be thinned with water rather than paint thinner, and allows very fast drying times when compared with traditional oils. Traditional oil painting techniques often begin with the artist sketching the subject onto the canvas with charcoal or thinned paint, Oil paint is usually mixed with linseed oil, artist grade mineral spirits, or other solvents to make the paint thinner, faster or slower-drying. A basic rule of oil paint application is fat over lean and this means that each additional layer of paint should contain more oil than the layer below to allow proper drying. If each additional layer contains less oil, the painting will crack. This rule does not ensure permanence, it is the quality and type of oil leads to a strong. There are many media that can be used with the oil, including cold wax, resins. These aspects of the paint are closely related to the capacity of oil paint. Traditionally, paint was transferred to the surface using paintbrushes. Oil paint remains wet longer than other types of artists materials, enabling the artist to change the color. At times, the painter might even remove a layer of paint. This can be done with a rag and some turpentine for a time while the paint is wet, Oil paint dries by oxidation, not evaporation, and is usually dry to the touch within a span of two weeks. It is generally dry enough to be varnished in six months to a year, art conservators do not consider an oil painting completely dry until it is 60 to 80 years old
Oil painting
–
Mona Lisa,
Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1503–06
Oil painting
–
Self-portrait, at work,
Anders Zorn, 1897
Oil painting
–
Self-portrait of
Rembrandt, 1630. An example of oil painting on copper.
Oil painting
–
Flax seed is the source of linseed oil.
5.
Tree Roots
–
Tree Roots is an oil painting by Vincent van Gogh that he painted in July 1890 when he lived in Auvers-sur-Oise, France. The painting is an example of the canvases that he employed in his last landscapes. Van Gogh spent the last few months of his life in Auvers-sur-Oise, the painting is considered by some to be his last painting before his death late July 1890. Jan Hulsker considers it the most original of his double-square canvases, the viewer thinks he can identify tree roots and trunks, but is hard put to identify the subject as a whole. As far back as 1882, while at The Hague, van Gogh had made a study of tree roots, Study of a Tree, in a letter to his brother Theo, van Gogh said that he wanted to express something of lifes struggle in these drawings. It is not known whether he had returned to the same thoughts with his 1890 Tree Roots, the letters give no hint and the colours are perhaps too bright for such sombre thoughts. The Works of Vincent van Gogh, His Paintings and Drawings, ISBN 0-7148-2028-8 Naifeh, Steven, Smith, Gregory White. ISBN 978-1-84668-010-6 van der Veen, Wouter, Knapp, Peter, van Gogh in Auvers, His Last Days
Tree Roots
–
Tree Roots
Tree Roots
–
Undergrowth with Two Figures, oil on canvas 50 x 100, late June 1890 (F773, JH2041).
Tree Roots
–
Tree roots in a sandy ground ('Les racines'), pencil, black chalk, brush in ink, brown and grey wash, opaque watercolour on watercolour paper, April-May 1882,
Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo (F933, JH142).
6.
Double-squares and Squares
–
Double-square paintings is a painting made on uncommonly large canvases which have one dimension that is twice the size of the other. Vincent van Gogh used 50 cm ×100 cm double-squares almost exclusively during the weeks of his life in Auvers, in June. Prior to Van Gogh, artists such as Charles-François Daubigny and Puvis de Chavannes had used canvases of similar proportions, in a double-square painting, one dimension of the canvas is twice the size of the other, so that the canvas is the shape of two adjoining squares. The overall effect of this is stability, and the challenge is to avoid monotony. Prior to Van Gogh, artists such as Charles-François Daubigny and Puvis de Chavannes had used canvases of similar proportions, vincent van Gogh used double-squares almost exclusively during the final weeks of his life in Auvers, in June and July 1890. To arrive at this size, Van Gogh combined the legs of two sizes, the 50 cm leg from a size 12 and the 100 cm leg of a size 40 stretcher. The result was a double-square of 50 cm ×100 cm, ivon Hitchens worked primarily in double-squares at certain periods in his career
Double-squares and Squares
–
Mademoiselle Gachet at the Piano, 1890,
Kunstmuseum Basel
Double-squares and Squares
–
Tree Roots, July, 1890,
Van Gogh Museum,
Amsterdam (F816, JH2113)
Double-squares and Squares
–
Sheaves of Wheat, 1890,
Dallas Museum of Art (F771)
Double-squares and Squares
–
Field with Stacks of Grain, July 1890,
Beyeler Foundation, Riehen, Switzerland (F809)
7.
Jules Michelet
–
Jules Michelet was a French historian. He was born in Paris to a family with Huguenot traditions, historian François Furet wrote that his History of the French Revolution remains the cornerstone of all revolutionary historiography and is also a literary monument. His aphoristic style emphasized his anti-clerical republicanism and his father was a master printer, not very prosperous, and Jules assisted him in the actual work of the press. A place was offered him in the printing office, but his father was able to send him to the famous Collège or Lycée Charlemagne. He passed the university examination in 1821, and was appointed to a professorship of history in the Collège Rollin. Soon after this, in 1824, he married and this was one of the most favourable periods ever for scholars and men of letters in France, and Michelet had powerful patrons in Abel-François Villemain and Victor Cousin, among others. Although he was an ardent politician, he was all a man of letters. His earliest works were school textbooks, between 1825 and 1827 he produced diverse sketches, chronological tables etc. of modern history. His précis of the subject, published in 1827, is a sound and careful book, far better than anything that had appeared before it, in the same year he was appointed maître de conférences at the École normale supérieure. The events of 1830 had placed him in a position for study by obtaining him a place in the Record Office. Soon afterwards he began his chief and monumental work, the Histoire de France that would take 30 years to complete,1838 was a year of great importance in Michelets life. He published, in 1839, his Histoire romaine, but this was in his graver and earlier manner, the results of his lectures appeared in the volumes Du prêtre, de la femme et de la famille and Le peuple. However, when the revolution broke out, Michelet, unlike other men of letters, did not attempt to enter active political life. The coup détat lost Michelet his place in the Record Office, since he refused to take the oaths to the empire, the new régime kindled afresh his republican zeal, and his second marriage with Mlle. Athénaïs Michelet, a lady of some capacity and of republican sympathies. While his great work of history was still his main pursuit, sometimes they were expanded versions of its episodes, sometimes what may be called commentaries or companion volumes. In some of the best of them natural science, a new subject with Michelet, to which his wife is believed to have introduced him, supplies the text. The first of these was Les Femmes de la Révolution, in which Michelets natural and inimitable faculty of dithyrambic too often gives way to tedious and not very conclusive argument, in the next, LOiseau, a new and most successful vein was struck
Jules Michelet
–
Portrait of Jules Michelet by
Thomas Couture
Jules Michelet
–
Van Gogh inscribed
Sorrow with the words " Comment se fait-il qu'il y ait sur la terre une femme seule? ", which translates to How can there be on earth a woman alone, abandoned? from " La Femme "
Jules Michelet
–
Jules Michelet, later in his career.
8.
Wheat Fields (Van Gogh series)
–
Failing to find a vocation in ministry, Van Gogh turned to art as a means to express and communicate his deepest sense of the meaning of life. Van Gogh came to painting as a calling, I feel a certain indebtedness. Out of gratitude, want to leave some souvenir in the shape of drawings or pictures -- not made to please a certain taste in art, but to express a sincere feeling. When Van Gogh left Paris for Arles, he sought an antidote to the ills of city life and work among laborers in the giving his art. In the series of paintings about wheat fields, Van Gogh expresses through symbolism and use of color his deeply felt spiritual beliefs, appreciation of manual laborers, as a young man Van Gogh pursued what he saw as a religious calling, wanting to minister to working people. In 1876 he was assigned a post in Isleworth, England to teach Bible classes, when he returned to the Netherlands he studied for the ministry and also for lay ministry or missionary work without finishing either field of study. With support from his father, Van Gogh went to Borinage in southern Belgium where he nursed and ministered to coal miners, there he obtained a six-month trial position for a small salary where he preached in an old dance hall and established and taught Bible school. His self-imposed zeal and asceticism cost him the position, after a nine-month period of withdrawal from society and family, he rejected the church establishment, yet found his personal vision of spirituality, The best way to know God is to love many things. Love a friend, a wife, something - whatever you like - you will be on the way to knowing more about Him, but one must love with a lofty and serious intimate sympathy, with strength, with intelligence. By 1879, he made a shift in the direction of his life and found he could express his love of God and man through painting. Drawn to Biblical parables, Van Gogh found wheat fields metaphors for humanitys cycles of life, the image of the sower came to Van Gogh in Biblical teachings from his childhood, such as, A sower went out to sow. As he sowed, some seed fell along the path, other seed fell among thorns and the thorns grew up and choked it, and it yielded no grain. And other seeds fell into good soil and brought forth grain, growing up and increasing and yielding thirty fold, and sixty fold, Van Gogh used the digger and ploughman as symbols of struggle to reach the kingdom of God. He was particularly enamored with the good God sun and called anyone who didnt believe in the sun infidels. The painting of the sun was a characteristic style seen in many of his paintings, representing the divine. Van Gogh found storms important for their nature, symbolizing the better times of pure air. Van Gogh also found storms to reveal the divine, the peasant genre that greatly influenced Van Gogh began in the 1840s with the works of Jean-François Millet, Jules Breton, and others. In 1885 Van Gogh described the painting of peasants as the most essential contribution to modern art and he described the works of Millet and Breton of religious significance, something on high, and described them as the voices of the wheat
Wheat Fields (Van Gogh series)
–
Landscape with Wheat Sheaves and Rising Moon
Wheat Fields (Van Gogh series)
–
Ploughed fields ('The furrows') -depicts the fields before the wheat grows. Van Gogh appreciated manual laborers and their connection to nature
Wheat Fields (Van Gogh series)
–
The Sower, June 1888,
Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo. Inspired by
Jean-François Millet Van Gogh made several paintings after The Sower by Millet
Wheat Fields (Van Gogh series)
–
Vincent van Gogh - Peasant woman binding sheaves (after Millet)
9.
Theo van Gogh (art dealer)
–
Theodorus Theo van Gogh was a Dutch art dealer. He was the brother of Vincent van Gogh, and Theos unfailing financial and emotional support allowed his brother to devote himself entirely to painting. Theo died at the age of 33, six months after his brother died at the age of 37, Theodorus Theo van Gogh was born on 1 May 1857 in the village Groot-Zundert in the province of North Brabant, Netherlands. He was the son of Theodorus van Gogh and Anna Cornelia Carbentus and his elder brother was Vincent van Gogh, who later became a famous painter. Theo worked for years at the Dutch office of the Parisian art dealers Goupil & Cie in The Hague. Theo joined the Brussels office on 1 January 1873 as their youngest employee, after Theo was transferred to the London office, he moved to the office in The Hague, where he developed into a successful art dealer. By 1884, he was transferred to the Paris main office, starting in the winter of 1880–1881, he sent painting materials as well as monthly financial support to his brother and painter Vincent van Gogh, who was living back in the Netherlands. In Paris, Theo met Andries Bonger and his sister Johanna and he married Johanna in Amsterdam on 17 April 1889 and they moved to Paris. Their son Vincent Willem was born in Paris on 31 January 1890, on 8 June, the family visited Vincent, who was living near Paris in Auvers-sur-Oise. Vincent died in July 1890 at age 37, Theo suffered from dementia paralytica, an infection of the brain, and his health declined rapidly after Vincents death. Weak and unable to come to terms with Vincents absence, he died six months later at age 33 in Den Dolder, Theo admired his elder brother Vincent for his whole life. But communicating with him proved to be difficult, even before Vincent opted to follow his artistic vocation, the communication between both brothers suffered from diverging definitions of standards, and it was evidently Theo who kept on writing letters. Therefore, mostly Vincents answers survived and few of Theos, Theo was often concerned about Vincents mental condition and he was amongst the few who understood his brother. It is known that Theo helped Vincent to maintain his artist lifestyle by giving him money and he also helped Vincent pursue his life as an artist through his unwavering emotional support and love. The majority of Theo’s letters and communications with Vincent are filled with praise, Vincent would send Theo sketches and ideas for paintings, along with accounts of his day to day experiences, to the delight and eager attention of Theo. Theo was instrumental in the popularity of Impressionist artists such as Claude Monet and Edgar Degas by persuading his employers, Goupil & Cie, to exhibit and buy their works. In 1886, Theo invited Vincent to come and live with him in Paris, the two brothers maintained an intensive correspondence, with Theo often encouraging his depressed brother. Theo was one of the few people who Vincent could talk to, over three-quarters of the more than 800 letters Vincent wrote during his life were to Theo, including his first and his last letters
Theo van Gogh (art dealer)
–
Theo van Gogh in 1878
Theo van Gogh (art dealer)
–
Theo van Gogh in 1888
Theo van Gogh (art dealer)
–
This 1887 portrait by
Vincent van Gogh, long thought to be a self-portrait, was reassessed in 2011 to be one of his brother Theo van Gogh.
Theo van Gogh (art dealer)
–
Vincent and Theo van Gogh's graves at the cemetery of
Auvers-sur-Oise
10.
Johanna van Gogh-Bonger
–
Johanna Gezina Jo van Gogh-Bonger was the wife of Theo van Gogh, art dealer, and the sister-in-law of the painter Vincent van Gogh and key player in the growth of Vincents fame. Johanna Gezina Bonger was born on 4 October 1862 in Amsterdam in the Netherlands and she was the fifth of seven children, the daughter of an insurance broker. The family was musical, holding evening performances of quartets, and she stayed some months in London, working in the library of the British Museum. From the age of seventeen she kept a diary, which was to become a source of much information about Vincent van Gogh. At this time she came under the influence of the non-conformist writer Multatuli. At the age of twenty-two she became a teacher of English at a school for girls at Elburg. About this time while in Amsterdam she was introduced by her brother Andries to Theo van Gogh, one of the Van Gogh sisters described her as smart and tender. Theo became preoccupied with Johanna, and the following year paid a visit to Amsterdam to declare his love, surprised and annoyed that a man she hardly knew should wish to marry her, she rejected him. However, she accepted his proposal the following year, and they were married in Amsterdam on 17 April 1889 and their son Vincent Willem, was born on 31 January 1890. Following Theos death in January 1891, Johanna was left a widow with her infant son to support and she was left with only an apartment in Paris filled with a few items of furniture and about 200 then valueless works of her brother-in-law Vincent. She had not kept her diary during her marriage, but resumed it, to earn extra income she translated short stories from French and English into Dutch. In 1905, to the evident disapproval of her family, she was one of the members of a womens socialist movement. It is schoolgirlish twaddle, nothing more, in August 1901, she married Johan Cohen Gosschalk, a Dutch painter who was born in Amsterdam. She was widowed again in 1912, in 1914, she moved Theos body from Utrecht to Auvers-sur-Oise and interred it next to Vincents grave. A sprig of ivy taken from the garden of Dr Paul Gachet carpets both graves to this day, after the death of Vincent and her husband, she worked assiduously on editing the brothers correspondence, producing the first volume in Dutch in 1914. She also played a key role in the growth of Vincents fame and she wrote a Van Gogh family history as well. Johanna van Gogh stayed in contact with Vincent van Goghs friend Eugène Boch to whom she offered the portrait of Eugene Boch in July 1891. She also stayed in touch with Émile Bernard, who helped her to promote Vincent van Goghs paintings, the legacy and renown of Vincent van Gogh the long-suffering artist began to spread in the years after his death, first in the Netherlands, and Germany and then throughout Europe
Johanna van Gogh-Bonger
–
Johanna van Gogh-Bonger in 1889
Johanna van Gogh-Bonger
–
Johanna Bonger, by her second husband Johan Cohen Gosschalk, 1905
Johanna van Gogh-Bonger
–
Jo with son Vincent Willem at the studio of photographer Raoul Saisset, 4 Rue Frochot, Paris, 1890
11.
Auvers-sur-Oise
–
Auvers-sur-Oise is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 27.2 km from the centre of Paris and it is associated with several famous artists, the most prominent being Vincent van Gogh. Daubignys house is now a museum where one can see paintings by the artist, his family, if you walk along the river from Auvers toward Pontoise you can see a number of views which figured in the paintings of Pissarro. During the 20th century artists continued to frequent Auvers, including Henri Rousseau, Otto Freundlich, the COBRA artist Corneille spent his last years in the village and is buried a few meters from Vincent van Gogh. On 1 August 1948, 17% of the territory of Auvers-sur-Oise was detached, Dr. Paul Gachet lived in Auvers-sur-Oise. He was acquainted with the artists of the time. Through this connection, Vincent van Gogh moved to Auvers to be treated by him, Gachet befriended Van Gogh and was the subject of two portraits, one of which, Portrait of Dr. Gachet, was sold at auction for over $80m in 1990. Van Gogh died by a gunshot to the chest, the room on the upper floor of the Auberge Ravoux where he died has been preserved, although no furniture remains. Auvers-sur-Oise is the resting place of both Vincent and his brother Theo van Gogh, who died six months later. Auvers-sur-Oise in art Auvers-sur-Oise is served by two stations on the Transilien Paris – Nord suburban rail line, Chaponval and Auvers-sur-Oise. Communes of the Val-dOise department Auvers during the time of Vincent van Gogh INSEE Association of Mayors of the Val d’Oise Official website The Complete Works of Vincent van Gogh
Auvers-sur-Oise
–
The Château de Leyrit, built in the 17th and 18th centuries
Auvers-sur-Oise
–
L’Auberge Ravoux, where Vincent van Gogh spent his final months and where he died. It is now a restaurant.
Auvers-sur-Oise
–
View from the staircase leading up to Van Gogh's room in L'Auberge Ravoux
Auvers-sur-Oise
–
Vincent and Theo van Gogh's graves in Auvers-sur-Oise.
12.
Joan Mitchell
–
Joan Mitchell was an American second generation abstract expressionist painter and printmaker. She was a member of the American abstract expressionist movement, even much of her career took place in France. Along with Lee Krasner, Grace Hartigan, Helen Frankenthaler, Shirley Jaffe and Sonia Gechtoff, she was one of her eras few female painters to gain critical and her paintings and editioned prints can be seen in major museums and collections across the United States and Europe. Mitchell was born in Chicago, Illinois, the daughter of dermatologist James Herbert Mitchell and she lived on Chestnut Street in the Streeterville neighborhood and attended high school at Francis W. Parker School in the Lincoln Park neighborhood. Mitchell studied at Smith College in Massachusetts and The Art Institute of Chicago, a $2,000 travel fellowship allowed her to study in Paris and Provence in 1948—49, and she also traveled in Spain and Italy. Mitchell is recognized as a principal figure—and one of the few female artists—in the second generation of American Abstract Expressionists, by the early 1950s, she was regarded as a leading artist in the New York School. Her paintings are expansive, often covering two separate panels, landscape was the primary influence on her subject matter. She painted on unprimed canvas or white ground with gestural, sometimes violent brushwork and she has described a painting as an organism that turns in space. An admirer of van Goghs work, Mitchell observed in one of his final paintings – Wheatfield with Crows – the symbology of death, suicide, hopelessness, depression and darkness. With her sense that Wheatfield with Crows was a note, she painted a painting called No Birds as a response. After moving to Paris in 1959, Mitchell began painting in a studio on the rue Fremicourt in the 15th arrondissement of Paris. The marks on these works were said to be extraordinary, The paint flung and squeezed on to the canvases, spilling and spluttering across their surfaces and smeared on with the artists fingers. The artist herself referred to the work created in this period of the early 1960s as very violent and angry, but by 1964 she was trying to get out of a violent phase and into something else. Mitchell said that she wanted her paintings to convey the feeling of the sunflower and some of them come out like young girls. In 1951, Mitchells work was exhibited in the landmark Ninth Street Show alongside that of Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, in 1952, she had her first solo exhibition at the New Gallery. In October 1957, the first major feature on her work appeared in ARTnews. In 1972, Mitchell staged her first major exhibition, entitled “My Five Years in the Country, ” at the Everson Museum of Art in Syracuse. December 1988 saw Mitchells first retrospective exhibition, which she referred to as being art-historized live and it featured 54 paintings produced from 1951 to 1987
Joan Mitchell
–
No Birds (1987/88).
Joan Mitchell
–
Untitled (1960) sold at auction for $11.9 million in 2014, a record for a female artist.
13.
International Standard Book Number
–
The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
International Standard Book Number
–
A 13-digit ISBN, 978-3-16-148410-0, as represented by an
EAN-13 bar code
14.
Taschen
–
Taschen is an art book publisher founded in 1980 by Benedikt Taschen in Cologne, Germany. The company began as Taschen Comics, publishing Benedikt’s extensive comic collection, Taschen has been a noteworthy force in making lesser-seen art available to mainstream bookstores, including some fetishistic imagery, queer art, historical erotica, pornography and adult magazines. The company has also produced calendars, address books, and postcards of popular subjects, the company’s stated mission has been to publish innovative, beautifully designed art books at popular prices. The Icons series, for example, has several new volumes published a year, in 1985, Taschen introduced the highly successful Basic Art series with an inaugural title on Salvador Dalí. Further series followed, alongside an expansion into new themes like architecture, design, film, as an example, Taschen also publishes a Basic Architecture series in the same style as Basic Art that covers some of the most prominent architects in history, such as Frank Lloyd Wright. In the spring of 2014 Taschen’s Basic Art Series was criticised in Swedish public media for its focus on male artists, the series then consisted of 95 books, only 5 of which were about female artists. Malmö Konsthall in Sweden was the first institution to report the disparity highlighted by the artists Ditte Ejlerskov, in 1999, TASCHEN expanded to the luxury market with the international publishing sensation, the Helmut Newton SUMO. In 2014, Taschen opened their first art gallery in Los Angeles, the publishing house employs more than 250 staff members worldwide and many longtime freelance editors. Taschen Basic Art Taschen Basic Architecture Bernhard, Brendan, sex & Beauty, Art & Kitsch, The Exquisite Mayhem of Benedikt Taschen. Price Cutting and Oversupply Imperil Art Book Houses
Taschen
–
Taschen headquarters on
Hohenzollernring 53, Cologne
Taschen
–
Some art books edited by Taschen.
15.
Vincent van Gogh chronology
–
This is a chronology of the artist Vincent van Gogh. It is based as far as possible on Van Goghs correspondence, however, it has only been possible to construct the chronology by drawing on additional sources. Most of his letters are not dated, and it was only in 1973 that a sufficient dating was established by Jan Hulsker, subsequently revised by Ronald Pickvance and marginally corrected by others. Many other relevant dates in the chronology derive from the biographies of his brother Theo, his uncle and godfather Cent, his friends Émile Bernard and Paul Gauguin, facts and dates which are undisputed, remain unreferenced. Theodorus van Gogh, since 1849 pastore in Groot-Zundert, married Anna Cornelia Carbentus, his brother Cents sister-in-law, March 30, a first son, called Vincent, died at birth. March 30, Vincent Willem van Gogh is born in Groot-Zundert, February 17, sister Anna Cornelia van Gogh, called Anna, is born. May 1, brother Theodorus van Gogh, called Theo, is born, may 16, sister Elisabeth Huberta van Gogh, called Lies, is born. March 26, Uncle Cent becomes partner of Goupil & Cie. March 16, sister Willemina Jacoba van Gogh, October 1, in Zevenbergen to attend the school of Jan Provily. September 3, enters secondary school at Tilburg, may 17, brother Cornelis Vincent van Gogh, called Cor, is born. March, leaves Tilburg and returns to his family in Zundert, July 30, Vincent starts apprenticeship with Goupil & Cie, The Hague. January, Van Goghs family moves to Helvoirt, January 1, Theo starts apprenticeship with Goupil & Cie, Brussels. February 19, the lot to serve in the army has fallen on Vincent, may 12, Vincent leaves for Paris where he visits the Paris branches of Goupil & Cie, the annual Salon and the Musée du Luxembourg. A week later, takes up work at the London branch of Goupil & Cie, August, moves to the house of Ursula Loyer and her daughter Eugenie in Brixton,87 Hackford Road. June 27 - July 15, summer holiday with his family in Helvoirt, November, on the demand of Uncle Cent, Vincent is transferred to Paris to get acquainted with the headquarters of Goupil & Cie. November 26, Jet Carbentus, a cousin of Vincent, marries Anton Mauve, Christmas, with his family in Helvoirt. May 24, Goupils London opens its first exhibition, end of May, Vincent is re-transferred to Paris headquarters. October 18, Van Goghs family moves to Etten, Christmas, with his family in Etten. December 30, visits Uncle C. M. in the Hague to talk about his future, December 31, father thinks he has to advise Vincent to resign
Vincent van Gogh chronology
–
Self-Portrait, August 1889, Oil on canvas,
National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. (
F626,
JH1770)
Vincent van Gogh chronology
–
The Van Gogh family: On top Theodorus van Gogh (1822-1885) and Anna Cornelia van Gogh-Carbentus (1819-1907), below left to right
Vincent Willem (1853-1890), Anna Cornelia (1855-1930),
Theo (1857-1891), Elisabetha Huberta (1859-1936),
Willemina Jacoba (1862-1941) and Cornelis Vincent (1867-1900)
Vincent van Gogh chronology
–
Van Gogh's birthplace in Zundert
Vincent van Gogh chronology
