William I of Sicily
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William I, called the Bad or the Wicked, was the second king of Sicily, ruling from his father's death in 1154 to his own in 1166. He was the fourth son of Roger II and Elvira of Castile.
William's sarcophagus
Pope Adrian IV
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Pope Adrian IV was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 4 December 1154 until his death in 1159. He is the only pope to have been born in England and the first pope from an E
William I of Sicily
…and local order, especially in Apulia and the Terra di Lavoro. The barons, always chafing against the royal power, were encouraged to revolt by Pope Adrian IV, whose recognition William had not yet sought, by the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus, and by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I. At the end of…
St Albans Abbey, now a Cathedral, pictured in 2005
Trondheim Cathedral
Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, as depicted in a 12th-century chronicle
Charter of Pope Adrian IV, also beginning Adrianus eps servus servorum dei, dated the Lateran, 30 March 1156. Note the Papal monogram, Bene Valete, bottom-right-hand corner.