Williamina Fleming
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Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming was a Scottish astronomer. At the Harvard College Observatory, she contributed to the photographic classification of stellar spectra, helping to develop a common desig
Fleming, c. 1890s
The Harvard Computers, the group of women computers at the Harvard College Observatory, who worked for the astronomer Edward Charles Pickering. The group included Harvard computer and astronomer Henrietta Swan Leavitt, Annie Jump Cannon, Williamina Fleming, and Antonia Maury.
Fleming, center right, at the Fourth Conference International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research at Mount Wilson Observatory, 1910
Annie Jump Cannon
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Annie Jump Cannon was an American astronomer whose cataloging work was instrumental in the development of contemporary stellar classification. With Edward C. Pickering, she is credited with the creati
Williamina Fleming
…hydrogen as the most abundant element were classified A; those of hydrogen as the second-most abundant element, B; and so on. Later, her colleague Annie Jump Cannon reordered the classification system based on the surface temperature of stars, resulting in the Harvard spectral classification, which is still in use…
Cannon in 1922
Cannon with Henrietta Swan Leavitt, 1913
Annie Jump Cannon at her desk at the Harvard College Observatory
Historical marker noting the building (right) where Cannon first observed stars at Wesley College