Winter is the coldest and darkest season of the year in temperate and polar climates. It occurs after autumn and before spring, when the hemisphere is oriented away from the Sun as a result of the til
Forest covered in snow during winter in Norway
Part of Patagonia in Argentina and Chile during the beginning of winter in the south.
The Scandinavian and Baltic countries during the beginning of winter in the north.
In the mid-latitudes and polar regions, winter is associated with snow and ice.
A season is a division of the year based on changes in weather, ecology, and the number of daylight hours in a given region. On Earth, seasons are the result of the axial parallelism of Earth's tilted
Winter
…Winter is the coldest and darkest season of the year in temperate and polar climates. It occurs after autumn and before spring, when the hemisphere is oriented away from the Sun as a result…
Axial parallelism is a characteristic of the Earth (and most other orbiting bodies in space) in which the direction of the axis remains parallel to itself throughout its orbit.
Illumination of Earth at each change of astronomical season
Two images showing the amount of reflected sunlight at southern and northern summer solstices respectively (watts / m2)
Angular size of the Sun at Earth's orbital periapsis called perihelion (max./closest, 2. to 5. January) and at apoapsis called aphelion (min./furthest, 3. to 6. July). The resulting 7% difference in solar intensity does not overpower geographic factors of climate, with seasons staying more moderate on the Southern Hemisphere due to having less landmass.