1.
Midland, Texas
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Midland is a city in and the county seat of Midland County, Texas, United States, on the Southern Plains of the states western area. A small portion of the city extends into Martin County, at the 2010 census, the population of Midland was 111,147, and a 2015 estimate gave a total of 132,950, making it the twenty-fourth most populous city in the state of Texas. Due to the oil boom in Midland, certain officials have given population estimates above 155,000, the metropolitan area is also a component of the larger Midland−Odessa, Texas Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 295,987 on July 1,2012. People in Midland are called Midlanders, Midland was founded as the midway point between Fort Worth and El Paso on the Texas and Pacific Railroad in 1881. It is the hometown of former First Lady Laura Bush, and the home of former Presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush. Midland was established in June 1881 as Midway Station, on the Texas, Midland became the county seat of Midland County in March 1885, when that county was first organized and separated from Tom Green County. By 1890, it had one of the most important cattle shipping centers in the state. The city was incorporated in 1906, and by 1910 the city established its first fire department, soon, Midland was transformed into the administrative center of the West Texas oil fields. During the Second World War, Midland was the largest bombardier training base in the country, a second boom period began after the war, with the discovery and development of the Spraberry Trend, still ranked as the third-largest oil field in the United States by total reserves. Yet another boom period took place during the 1970s, with the oil prices associated with the oil. Today, the Permian Basin produces one fifth of the total petroleum. Midlands economy still relies heavily on petroleum, however, the city has diversified to become a regional telecommunications. By August 2006, a period of crude oil production had caused a significant workforce deficit. According to the Midland Chamber of Commerce, at that time there were almost 2,000 more jobs available in the Permian Basin than there were workers to fill them, John Howard Griffin wrote a history of Midland in 1959, Land of the High Sky. In 1967, the U. S. Supreme Court heard the case of Avery v. Midland County, Midland mayor Hank Avery had sued Midland County, challenging the electoral-districting scheme in effect for elections to the County Commissioners Court. The county districts geographically quartered the county, but the city of Midland, in the northwestern quarter, the majority of the U. S. Supreme Court held that the districting inequality violated the Fourteenth Amendments Equal Protection clause. The dissenting minority held that this example of the Warren Courts policy of incorporation at the local-government level exceeded the Courts constitutional authority, Midland is located at 32°0′N 102°6′W, in the Permian Basin in the plains of West Texas. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 71.5 square miles
2.
Hanover College
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Hanover College is a private, co-ed, liberal arts college, located in rural Hanover, Indiana, U. S. near the banks of the Ohio River. The college is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church, founded in 1827 by the Rev. John Finley Crowe, it is the oldest private college in Indiana. The Hanover athletic teams participate in the Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference, graduates of Hanover are known as Hanoverians. Founded in 1827 by Rev. John Finley Crowe, Hanover College experienced a turbulent early period and it has become an established institution of liberal arts education. In 2002, the College celebrated its 175th anniversary, in the early 19th century, missionaries went to Hanover as part of the Second Great Awakening. Crowe served as pastor of the Hanover Presbyterian Church and he opened the Hanover Academy January 1,1827, in a small log cabin near his home. Two years later, the state of Indiana granted a charter to the Academy, on November 9,1829, the Academy’s Board of Trustees accepted a proposal by the Presbyterian Synod of Indiana to adopt the school, provided a theological department was established. A two-story brick building was constructed to house both the Academy and the new Indiana Seminary, the state of Indiana issued a new charter to the Academy, creating Hanover College effective January 1,1833. Under this charter, the colleges Board of Trustees is independent of ecclesiastical control, the association continues to this day. In the 1830s, the College Edifice was the center of a bustling, in 1834,119 students attended Hanover Preparatory School and 101 students attended Hanover College, rapid growth from the six students of only seven years earlier. In 1843 both the president and its trustees accepted a proposal from Madison city leaders to move Hanover College. The trustees dissolved the Hanover charter and established Madison University, however, Crowe purchased the college property and established the Hanover Classical and Mathematical School. Four months after Madison University was founded, its president had resigned, by May 1844, all of Madison’s students and faculty had made the trip five miles to the west. Hanover College was officially restored when Indianas legislature granted a new charter to the college on Christmas Day. Crowe, who served as faculty to the college for more than 30 years, the Board of Trustees voted in 1849 to purchase a 200-acre farm one-half mile to the east of Hanover’s campus. This land, overlooking the Ohio River, serves as the centerpiece of the campus today. By the mid-1850s, Classic Hall was constructed on a known as the Point. Old Classic would be Hanover’s signature building for more than 90 years, the Civil War, especially the Confederate maneuvers known as Morgans Raid, came close to campus, faculty and students were alerted that the troops might try to burn Classic Hall
3.
Charles Harrelson
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Charles Voyde Harrelson was an American organized crime figure who was convicted of assassinating federal judge John H. Wood Jr. the first federal judge killed in the 20th century. He was the father of actor Woody Harrelson. Charles Harrelson was born on July 23,1938, in Lovelady, Texas and he was married to Nancy Hillman Harrelson, Jo Ann Harrelson, Diane Lou Oswald and Gina Adelle Foster. Harrelson worked as a salesman in California and as a professional gambler. In 1960, he was convicted of armed robbery, Harrelsons son, Woody Harrelson, became a well-known television and film actor. According to Woody, his father disappeared from the home in Houston in 1968, leaving his wife Diane to raise Woody. Woody lost track of his father until 1981, when news broke of Harrelsons arrest for the murder of Judge Wood, still, Im just now gauging whether he merits my loyalty or friendship. I look at him as someone who could be a more than someone who was a father. Defended by Percy Foreman, Harrelson was tried for the 1968 murder of Alan Harry Berg, on September 22,1970, he was acquitted by a jury in Angleton, Texas. The murder is chronicled in the memoir Run Brother Run by the victims brother, prior to Woods murder, Harrelson was tried for the 1968 murder-for-hire killing of Sam Degelia Jr. a resident of Hearne, Texas. Harrelson was paid $2000 for the murder of Degelia, a dealer and father of four who was killed in McAllen. His first trial ended with a jury, although Pete Scamardo was also tried in the case, found guilty of being an accomplice to the murder. Harrelson was retried in 1973, convicted and sentenced to 15 years in prison, in 1978, after serving 5 years, he was released early for good behavior. Shortly after Harrelson was paroled in 1978, he was implicated in another murder, on May 29,1979, U. S. District Judge John H. Wood Jr. was shot dead in the parking lot outside his San Antonio, Texas, townhouse. Harrelson was convicted of killing Judge Wood after being hired by drug dealer Jamiel Chagra of El Paso, Harrelson was apprehended with the aid of an anonymous tip and a tape recording of a conversation that occurred during a visit from Joe Chagra to his brother Jamiel Chagra in prison. Harrelson claimed at trial that he did not kill Judge Wood, Harrelson was sentenced to two life terms based largely on Chagras conversation with his brother from prison. Both Harrelson and Joe Chagra were implicated in the assassination, Jamiel Chagra was acquitted of the murder when his brother Joe refused to testify against him. Chagra was represented by future mayor of Las Vegas, Oscar Goodman, in a plea bargain, Jamiel Chagra admitted to his role in the murder of Judge Wood and to the attempted murder of a U. S. Attorney
4.
Woody Boyd
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Woodrow Huckleberry Tiberius Woody Boyd is a character on the American television show Cheers, portrayed by Woody Harrelson. Woody came to Cheers at the beginning of the season of Cheers in 1985 in the episode Birth, Death, Love. Woody appeared in 200 episodes of Cheers between 1985 and 1993 and he also made a guest appearance on Frasier in the episode The Show Where Woody Shows Up and on The Simpsons episode Fear of Flying. Woody was born on July 23 and hails from Hanover, Indiana and he and his childhood sweetheart, Beth Curtis, were also voted Couple Most Likely to Explode, as they were both obese at the time. It was later revealed that they ate, to excess. Woody followed in Coachs footsteps in many ways, failing to understand the most obvious jokes, concepts, Woody was essentially a straight man for all of the other characters at Cheers, though his humor stemmed from his misunderstandings. Woody once told Dr. Crane he was the smartest man he knew, Woody seemed to have an off-center mentality, misunderstanding others comments much as Coach had done. For example, when Bill Medley of The Righteous Brothers appears and starts singing Youve Lost That Loving Feeling, Woody asks him, with the exception of Carla, Eddie, and Sam, Woody always addresses other characters by their honorific. Sometimes this leads to awkward phrasing such as referring to Lilith as Mrs. Dr. Sternin-Crane, Woody arrived at Cheers expecting to meet his pen pal Coach, with whom he exchanged pens instead of letters. Upon learning of Coachs death, he filled the open bartender position and he also developed a big brother/little brother relationship with Sam Malone, the owner of Cheers. In the final season, Frasier Crane orchestrated an experiment that went awry and he and Kelly were expecting their first child when Cheers ended. Frasier extrapolates on Woodys interest in a career to the point that Woody becomes President of the United States. Woody makes a guest appearance on Frasier, the show from Cheers. During a visit to Seattle he reconnects with Frasier Crane, who had moved there from Boston. The two men decide to part company on good terms, after sharing a drink with each other, leading Woody to utter his final line. Although this is Woodys only appearance on the show, he is referenced both prior to and after this. When Sam visits Frasier in the season 2 episode, The Show Where Sam Comes Back, he reveals that Kelly and Woodys first child was a boy, who is of normal intelligence. In the season 9 episode Cheerful Goodbyes, Frasier reveals that at his party at Cheers before returning to Seattle, Woody grabbed onto his legs
5.
Cheers
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Cheers is an American sitcom that ran on NBC from September 30,1982 to May 20,1993, with a total of 270 half-hour episodes spanning over eleven seasons. The show was produced by Charles/Burrows/Charles Productions in association with Paramount Network Television, the show was created by the team of James Burrows, Glen Charles, and Les Charles. The show is set in a bar named Cheers in Boston, Massachusetts, where a group of locals meet to drink, relax, the shows main theme song, written and performed by Gary Portnoy lent its famous refrain Where Everybody Knows Your Name as the shows tagline. After premiering on September 30,1982, it was canceled during its first season when it ranked almost last in ratings for its premiere. Cheers, however, eventually became a highly rated show in the United States, earning a top-ten rating during eight of its eleven seasons. The show spent most of its run on NBCs Thursday night Must See TV lineup and its widely watched series finale was broadcast on May 20,1993, and the shows 270 episodes have been successfully syndicated worldwide. Nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series for all eleven of its seasons on the air, the character Frasier Crane was featured in his eponymous spin-off show, which aired until 2004 and included guest appearances by virtually all of the major and minor Cheers characters. During its run, Cheers became one of the most popular series of all time and has received critical acclaim. In 1997, the episodes Thanksgiving Orphans and Home Is the Sailor, aired originally in 1987, were respectively ranked No.7, in 2002, Cheers was ranked No.18 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked it as the eighth best written TV series, before the Cheers pilot Give Me a Ring Sometime was completed and aired in 1982, the series originally consisted of four employees in the first script. Neither Norm Peterson nor Cliff Clavin, regular customers of Cheers, were featured, in later years, Woody Boyd replaces Coach, who dies off-screen in season four to account for actor Nicholas Colasantos death. Frasier Crane starts as a character and becomes a permanent character. In season six, they added a new character Rebecca Howe, Lilith Sternin starts as a one-time character in an episode of season four, Second Time Around. After she appears in two episodes in five, she becomes a recurring character, and later featured as a permanent one for season ten. Ted Danson portrays Sam Malone, a bartender and an owner of Cheers, before the series began, he was a baseball relief pitcher for the Boston Red Sox nicknamed Mayday Malone until he became an alcoholic, harming his career. He has an on-again, off-again relationship with Diane Chambers, his class opposite, during their off-times, Sam has flings with many not-so-bright sexy women, yet fails to pursue a meaningful relationship and fails to seduce other women, such as intellectuals. After Diane is written out of the series, he tries to pursue Rebecca Howe, at the end of the series, he is still unmarried and recovering from sexual addiction with a help of Dr. Robert Suttons group meetings, advised by Frasier. Shelley Long portrays Diane Chambers, an academic, sophisticated graduate student, in the pilot Diane is abandoned by her fiancé, leaving her without a job, a man, or money
6.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
7.
White Men Can't Jump
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White Men Cant Jump is a 1992 American sports comedy film written and directed by Ron Shelton, starring Wesley Snipes and Woody Harrelson as streetball hustlers. The film was released in the United States on March 27,1992, Billy Hoyle is a former college basketball player who makes his living by hustling streetballers that assume he cannot play well because he is white. Billy never degrades his race when joining on pickup games, he allows his African American opponents to falsely believe they have a natural advantage over him. Such a player is Sidney Dean, a talented but arrogant player who is beaten twice by Billy, once in a court team game. Billy and his Hispanic girlfriend Gloria Clemente are on the run from outbid mobsters because of a gambling debt, a voracious reader, making note of obscure facts, Glorias goal in life is to be a contestant on the television show Jeopardy. and make a fortune. Sidney wants to buy a house for his family outside the rough Baldwin Village and he talks Billy into a partnership and they hustle other players. When they unexpectedly lose a game, it out that Sidney has double-crossed Billy by deliberately playing badly alongside him. Gloria is incensed at Billy for blowing his money again and is suspicious of how it happened. They go to Sidneys apartment and appeal to his wife Rhonda for fairness, while they bicker incessantly, Sidney and Billy win the grand prize of $5,000, largely due to Billys ability to disrupt his opponents concentration. Billys most notable claim is that he is in the zone, Sidney is pleased with the outcome, yet he cannot help mocking Billy about his inability to slam dunk. White men cant jump, he notes, Billy insists that he can indeed dunk, and after Sidney clearly disagrees, Billy offers to bet his share of the $5,000 on his ability to dunk. When he tells Gloria, she leaves him, Sidney reveals that he has a friend who works as a security guard at the TV studio that produces Jeopardy. The friend, Robert, agrees to use his connections to get her on the show if Billy can sink a hook shot from beyond the half-court line, which he does. Gloria initially stumbles over sports questions, but makes a comeback with a pet topic and she wins $14,100 on her first episode. Billy sings Gloria a song he has composed and wins her back, as Billys life comes together, this time it is Sidney who needs Billys help, his home is burglarized and his winnings stolen, so he and Rhonda become desperate for money. Gloria expects Billy to get a job and settle down. Gloria warns that if Billy gambles with her money they are through, Billy feels he must honor the obligation he owes Sidney for getting Gloria on Jeopardy. in the first place. They play a game against two hoops legends of the L. A. scene, The King and Duck
8.
Natural Born Killers
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Natural Born Killers is a 1994 American satirical crime film directed by Oliver Stone and starring Woody Harrelson, Juliette Lewis, Robert Downey Jr. Tom Sizemore, and Tommy Lee Jones. The film was released in the United States on August 26,1994, the film tells the story of two victims of traumatic childhoods who became lovers and mass murderers, and are irresponsibly glorified by the mass media. Jane Hamsher, Don Murphy, and Clayton Townsend produced the film, with Arnon Milchan, Thom Mount, the film was released theatrically on August 26,1994 in the United States, February 24,1995 and premiered on Venice Film Festival on August 29,1994. Notorious for its violent content and inspiring copycat crimes, the film was named the eighth most controversial film in history by Entertainment Weekly in 2006, Mickey Knox and his wife Mallory stop at a roadside café in the New Mexico desert. A group of rednecks arrive and one begins sexually harassing Mallory and she briefly encourages him before beating him to a pulp. Mickey and Mallory then murder all but one of the patrons, culminating in a morbid game of Eeny, meeny, miny. After executing the waitress Mabel, the couple ensures that the only survivor remembers their names before they embrace, Mickey and Mallory camp out in the desert, and Mallory reminisces about when they first met. A flashback shows Mickey as a deliveryman who came to the house where Mallory lived with her abusive father, her neglectful mother. Mickey and Mallory fall in love instantly and leave together, as Mickey steals a car that belongs to Mallorys father, soon Mickey is arrested and imprisoned for auto theft, but he subsequently escapes from a prison work farm during a tornado and returns to Mallorys house. The two kill Mallorys parents, but spare Kevin, and go on the road together and get married on the side of a bridge, furious with Mickeys notion that they have a threesome, Mallory drives to a nearby gas station, where she flirts with the mechanic. They begin to have sex on the hood of a car, during this time, Mickey rapes the hostage. The pair continue their killing spree, ultimately claiming fifty-two victims in New Mexico, Arizona, pursuing them is Detective Jack Scagnetti, who became obsessed with mass murderers after witnessing his mother being shot and killed by Charles Whitman when he was eight. Beneath his heroic facade, he is a violent psychopath, once strangling a prostitute to death, the killers are also followed by self-serving tabloid journalist Wayne Gale. Gale profiles Mickey and Mallory on his show, American Maniacs, Mickey and Mallory become lost in the desert and encounter Warren Red Cloud, a Navajo Indian, and his young grandson. After the two fall asleep, the Navajo, hoping to expel the demon he perceives in Mickey, begins chanting beside the fire, Mickey wakes up in a rage and fatally shoots Red Cloud before he realizes what he is doing. It is the first time Mallory and Mickey feel guilty for a murder, fleeing from the scene through the desert, they stray onto a field of rattlesnakes and are both bitten. They drive to a drugstore to find snakebite antidote, but the pharmacist sets off the silent alarm before Mickey kills him, soon police cars arrive and Mallory is captured and subsequently beaten by the police. A gunfight breaks out between Mickey and the others, Scagnetti arrives and tells Mickey that unless he surrenders, he will cut off Mallorys breasts
9.
Larry Flynt
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Larry Claxton Flynt, Jr. is an American publisher and the president of Larry Flynt Publications. LFP mainly produces sexually graphic videos and magazines, most notably Hustler, Flynt has fought several prominent legal battles involving the First Amendment, and has unsuccessfully run for public office. He is paralyzed from the waist down due to injuries sustained in a 1978 murder attempt by Joseph Paul Franklin, in 2003, Arena magazine listed him at No.1 on the 50 Powerful People in Porn list. He had two siblings, sister Judy and brother Jimmy Ray Flynt. His father served in the United States Army in the European Theatre of World War II, due to his fathers absence, Flynt was raised solely by his mother and maternal grandmother for the first three years of his life. Flynt was raised in poverty, and claimed Magoffin County was the poorest county in the nation during the Great Depression, in 1951, Flynts sister, Judy, died due to leukemia at age four. The death provoked his parents one year later, Flynt was raised by his mother in Hamlet, Indiana. Two years later, Flynt returned to live in Magoffin County with his father because he disliked his mothers new boyfriend, Flynt attended Salyersville High School in the ninth grade. However, he ran away home and, despite being only 15 years old. It was around this time that he developed a passion for the game of poker, after being honorably discharged, Flynt returned to his mother in Indiana and found employment at the Inland Manufacturing Company, an affiliate of General Motors. However, there was a slowdown and he was laid off after only three months. He then returned to his father in Kentucky, for a brief period, he became a bootlegger but stopped when he learned that county deputies were searching for him. After living on his savings for two months, he enlisted in the United States Navy in July 1960 and he became a radar operator on USS Enterprise. He was the operator on duty when the ship was assigned to recover John Glenns space capsule and he was honorably discharged in July 1964. In early 1965, Flynt took $1,800 from his savings and bought his mothers Dayton, Ohio bar and he refitted it and was soon making $1,000 a week, he used the profits to buy two other bars. He worked as many as 20 hours a day, taking amphetamines to stay awake and he frequently had to break up fistfights between drunken customers. Flynt decided to open a new, higher-class bar, which would also be the first in the area to feature nude hostess dancers, he named it the Hustler Club. From 1968 onward, with the help of his brother Jimmy and later his girlfriend Althea Leasure, he opened Hustler Clubs in Akron, Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, soon each club grossed between $260,000 and $520,000 a year
10.
The People vs. Larry Flynt
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Larry Flynt is a 1996 American biographical drama film directed by Miloš Forman and starring Woody Harrelson, Courtney Love, and Edward Norton. It chronicles the rise of pornographic magazine publisher and editor Larry Flynt and his subsequent clash with religious institutions, the film was written by Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski. Though not a success, the film was lauded by critics. In 1952, 10-year-old Larry Flynt is selling moonshine in Kentucky, twenty years later, Flynt and his younger brother, Jimmy, run the Hustler Go-Go club in Cincinnati. With profits down, Flynt decides to publish a newsletter for the club, the newsletter soon becomes a full-fledged magazine, but sales are weak. After Hustler publishes nude pictures of former first lady Jackie Kennedy Onassis, Flynt becomes smitten with Althea Leasure, a stripper who works at one of his clubs. With Althea and Jimmys help, Flynt makes a fortune from sales of Hustler, with his success comes enemies - as he finds himself a hated figure of anti-pornography activists. He argues with the activists, saying that murder is illegal, however, he continues, sex is legal, but if you take a picture of that act, you can go to jail. He becomes involved in several prominent court cases, and befriends a young lawyer, in 1975, Flynt loses a smut-peddling court decision in Cincinnati but is released from jail soon afterwards on a technicality. Ruth Carter Stapleton, a Christian activist and sister of President Jimmy Carter, seeks out Flynt, Flynt seems moved and starts letting his newfound religion influence everything in his life, including Hustler content. In 1978, during trial in Georgia, Flynt and Isaacman are both shot by a man with a rifle while they walk outside a courthouse. Isaacman recovers, but Flynt is paralyzed from the waist down, wishing he was dead, Flynt renounces God. Because of the emotional and physical pain, he moves to Beverly Hills and spirals down into depression, during this time, Althea also becomes addicted to painkillers and morphine. In 1983, Flynt undergoes surgery to deaden several nerves in his back damaged by the bullet wounds and he returns to an active role with the publication, which, in his absence, had been run by Althea and Jimmy. Flynt is soon in court again for leaking videos relating to the John DeLorean entrapment case and he later wears an American flag as an adult diaper along with an army helmet, and wears T-shirts with provocative messages such as I Wish I Was Black and Fuck This Court. After spitting water at the judge Flynt is sent to a psychiatric ward, Flynt publishes a satirical parody ad in which Jerry Falwell tells of a sexual encounter with his mother. Falwell sues for libel and emotional distress, Flynt countersues for copyright infringement, because Falwell copied his ad. The case goes to trial in December 1984, but the decision is mixed, as Flynt is found guilty of inflicting emotional distress, by that time, Althea has contracted HIV, which proceeds to AIDS
11.
Zombieland
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Zombieland is a 2009 American comedy horror film directed by Ruben Fleischer and written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick. The film stars Woody Harrelson, Jesse Eisenberg, Emma Stone, the film premiered at Fantastic Fest on September 25,2009 and was theatrically released on October 2,2009 in the United States by Columbia Pictures. Unaffected college student Columbus is making his way from his college dorm in Austin, Texas, to Columbus, Ohio and he encounters Tallahassee, another survivor, who is particularly violent in killing zombies. Though he doesnt appear to be sociable, Tallahassee reluctantly allows Columbus to travel with him, Tallahassee mentions he misses his puppy that was killed by zombies, as well as his affinity for Twinkies, which he actively tries to find. The pair meet Wichita and her younger sister Little Rock in a grocery store, the sisters are con artists, and trick Tallahassee and Columbus into handing over their weapons by pretending that Little Rock was infected by the disease, then steal their Escalade. The two men find a yellow Hummer H2 loaded with weapons and go after the sisters, however, the girls spring another trap for them and take them hostage. Tallahassee steals his gun back and has a stand-off with Wichita, until Columbus lashes out in anger that they have problems to worry about. The sisters reveal that they are going to the Pacific Playland amusement park in Los Angeles, after learning his home town has been destroyed, and his parents likely killed, Columbus decides to accompany the others to California. Along the trip, Columbus persists in trying to impress and woo Wichita, when the group reaches Hollywood, Tallahassee directs them to Bill Murrays mansion. Tallahassee and Wichita meet Murray himself, uninfected but disguised as a zombie so he can walk safely around town, Murray is killed when Columbus shoots him, mistaking him for a real zombie during a practical joke while watching Ghostbusters with Little Rock. Columbus realizes during a game of Monopoly that Tallahassee has not been grieving for his puppy, Wichita becomes increasingly attracted to Columbus, and Tallahassee bonds with Little Rock, with whom he was previously at odds. Despite Wichitas attraction to Columbus, she fears attachment and leaves with Little Rock for Pacific Playland the next morning, Columbus decides to go after Wichita, and convinces Tallahassee to join him. At Pacific Playland, the sisters activate all the rides and lights and begin to enjoy the park, a chase ensues, and just as the sisters are trapped on a drop tower ride called Blast Off, Tallahassee and Columbus arrive. Tallahassee lures the zombies away from the tower, creating a distraction for Columbus to get to the tower ride, Tallahassee eventually locks himself in a game booth, shooting zombies as they arrive. In thanks, Wichita kisses Columbus and reveals her real name, Tallahassee raids a deep fried Twinkies stand in search of his snack. During this, Columbus is startled by the noises of a rat and accidentally shoots at the last remaining box of Twinkies in the pantry, destroying all the cakes, luckily, Little Rock has gotten a Twinkie beforehand and gives it to Tallahassee. The movie ends with the group leaving Pacific Playland as Columbus realizes without relating to people, that you might as well be a zombie, and that he now has what hes always wanted. By the end of the film, his list has thirty-three rules, a series of promotional videos starring Woody Harrelson and Jesse Eisenberg expanded on the list presented in the film
12.
The Messenger (2009 film)
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The Messenger is a 2009 war drama film starring Ben Foster, Woody Harrelson, Samantha Morton, Steve Buscemi, and Jena Malone. It is the debut of Oren Moverman, who also wrote the screenplay with Alessandro Camon. The film received first prize for the 2009 Deauville American Film Festival, the film has also received four Independent Spirit Award nominations, a Golden Globe nomination, and two Academy Award nominations. Will Montgomery, a lone rebellious U. S. Army staff sergeant and declared war hero, has returned home from Iraq, Montgomery is partnered with a strict recovering alcoholic, Captain Tony Stone, to give notice to the families of fallen soldiers. The Sergeant is drawn to Olivia Pitterson, now a single mother, will Montgomery Woody Harrelson as Capt. Tony Stone Samantha Morton as Olivia Pitterson Jena Malone as Kelly Steve Buscemi as Dale Martin Yaya DaCosta as Monica Washington Eamonn Walker as LtCol. In North America, The Messenger opened in limited release in 4 theaters, the film went on to earn $1,109,660 domestically and $411,601 internationally for a total of $1,521,261, below its budget of $6.5 million. Though not a box office success, the film was praised by critics and has a 90% Certified Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 155 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5 out of 10. The critical consensus states A dark but timely subject is handled deftly by writer/director Owen Moverman and superbly acted by Woody Harrleson, the film also currently holds a score of 77 on Metacritic based on 27 reviews. Harrelsons performance was subject to considerable praise, leading to Golden Globe, the Messenger received strong positive reviews from critics and appeared on several critics top ten lists of the best films of 2009
13.
Rampart (film)
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Rampart is a 2011 American drama film. Directed by Oren Moverman and co-written by Moverman and James Ellroy, the film stars Woody Harrelson, Ice Cube, Ned Beatty, Anne Heche, Steve Buscemi, and Sigourney Weaver. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 10,2011. and was released in theaters in the U. S. on February 10,2012, the film opens as Los Angeles Police Department Officer Dave Brown patrols the Rampart Division. Brown is a 24-year veteran of the force, who served in the Vietnam War. While training a new officer, he roughs up a suspect to find the location of a meth lab, after work, he goes home to his two daughters and two ex-wives, who are also sisters. After dinner, he goes to a bar where he picks up a stranger and has a one night stand. The next day, he is t-boned in his patrol car, when he checks on the driver who hit him, the driver flees from his car, hitting Brown with his door as he exits. When Brown catches the driver, he beats him. The video creates another controversy for the LAPD, which is besieged by the Rampart scandal. The Assistant District Attorney urges Brown to simply retire and he refuses and outlines his defense. Over the course of the film, it is revealed that Brown studied law and failed the bar exam, back at the piano bar, Brown picks up a lawyer named Linda, after first determining that she is not surveilling him. Later he meets with ex-cop Hartshorn, who suggests that Brown was set up to distract from the Rampart scandal, as the LAPD exerts more pressure on Brown, he retains legal counsel. Soon after, his ex-wives ask him to leave their houses so that they can sell them, Brown meets again with Hartshorn and mentions his need for cash. Hartshorn tips him off to a high stakes card game happening later that night at the Crystal Market, while Brown surveils the card game, it is knocked off by two armed men. He kills one of them and lets the other go and he then stages the scene to make it look like he was shot at. He realizes that a man nicknamed General witnessed the whole thing from his wheelchair. Next, he blackmails a pharmacist into giving him an assortment of drugs, when he meets with Hartshorn to give him a cut of the money from the card game, Brown asks for the source of Hartshorns tip about the game. He suspects that he was set up again, Hartshorn refuses to name his source
14.
The Hunger Games (film series)
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The Hunger Games film series consists of four science fiction dystopian adventure films based on The Hunger Games trilogy of novels, by the American author Suzanne Collins. Gary Ross directed the first film, while Francis Lawrence directed the three films. The first three films set records at the box office, the Hunger Games set records for the opening day and the biggest opening weekend for a non-sequel film. The Hunger Games, Catching Fire set the record for biggest opening weekend in the month of November, the Hunger Games, Mockingjay – Part 1 had the largest opening day and weekend of 2014. The Hunger Games is the 15th highest-grossing film franchise of all time, following the release of Suzanne Collins novel The Hunger Games, on September 14,2008, Hollywood film studios began looking to adapt the book into film. In March 2009, Color Force, an independent studio founded by producer Nina Jacobson, Jacobson then sought out production company Lionsgate to help her produce the film. Collins was also attached to adapt the novel, she began the first draft after completing the novel in the series. The search for a director began in 2010 with three directors in the running, David Slade, Sam Mendes, and Gary Ross, Ross was ultimately chosen to direct. By the time Collins had finished the script, Ross decided to go through the script with Collins, in October 2010, scripts were sent to the actors, and casting occurred between March and May 2011. The first role cast was of the protagonist, Katniss Everdeen, as many as 30 actresses were in talks to play the part, with Jennifer Lawrence, Hailee Steinfeld, Abigail Breslin, and Chloë Grace Moretz being mentioned most. The role was given to Lawrence, the roles of Peeta Mellark, Katniss fellow tribute, and Gale Hawthorne, her best friend, began casting later that month. Top contenders for Peeta included Josh Hutcherson, Alexander Ludwig, Hunter Parrish, Evan Peters, contenders for Gale included Robbie Amell, Liam Hemsworth, David Henrie, and Drew Roy. On April 4, it was reported that Hemsworth had been cast as Gale, filming for the franchise began on May 23,2011 and finished on June 20,2014. Suzanne Collins and Louise Rosner acted as producers on the first two films. Other executive producers of the first film include Robin Bissell and Shantal Feghali, co-producers are Diana Alvarez, Martin Cohen, Louis Phillips, Bryan Unkeless, and Aldric Laauli Porter. Color Force and Lionsgate collaborated on all four films, Gary Ross directed the first film, and despite initially stating otherwise on April 10,2012, Lionsgate announced that Ross would not return to direct the sequel. Suzanne Collins began adapting the first book to film after she finished writing Mockingjay, Collins had experience in writing screenplays after writing Cliffords Puppy Days and other childrens television shows. When Gary Ross was announced as director for the film in 2010, he began to work with Collins, the script was large and resulted in a two-hour and 20 minute film
15.
War for the Planet of the Apes
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War for the Planet of the Apes is an upcoming American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves. It is a sequel to the 2014 film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, the film stars Andy Serkis, Woody Harrelson, Steve Zahn, Amiah Miller, Karin Konoval and Terry Notary. Principal photography began on October 14,2015, in Vancouver, the film is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 14,2017. Following the events of Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, Caesar, as the apes suffer heavy losses, Caesar wrestles with his darker instincts as he resolves to avenge his kind. The war pits Caesar against the leader, a ruthless Colonel, in an encounter that will determine the fate of their species. Zahn was quick to rattle off a description of his character in the movie, saying, “He’s an outsider, he’s been living on his own so he’s really excited to be part of a group. He’s integral to the story in that he has knowledge of where they’re going, they’re on a journey and he’s the scout. His information is his… He doesn’t have any super powers and he knows what paths to go through. ”Karin Konoval as Maurice, a wise and benevolent Bornean orangutan who is Caesars adviser, brother figure and third-in-command. Terry Notary as Rocket, a big and gruff but noble chimpanzee who is Caesars brother figure, Michael Adamthwaite as Luca, a gorilla who is Caesars brother figure and fourth-in-command. Judy Greer as Cornelia, Caesars wife, max Lloyd-Jones as Blue Eyes, Caesar and Cornelias son. Aleks Paunovic as Winter, a gorilla in Caesars tribe. Alessandro Juliani as Spear, a chimpanzee in Caesars tribe, sara Canning Woody Harrelson as The Colonel, a maniacal and iron fisted soldier obsessed with wiping out Caesar and his tribe to defend his people from destruction. Amiah Miller as Nova, a bold and kind war orphan who Maurice adopts as his daughter, Gabriel Chavarria as Preacher, a human soldier to whom Caesar shows mercy after he and his squad get captured. Chad Rook as Boyle After seeing his cut of Dawn, 20th Century Fox, on January 7,2014, the studio announced a third installment with Reeves returning to direct and co-write along with Bomback. Peter Chernin, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver will produce, during an interview in mid-November 2014 with MTV, Andy Serkis said they did not know the next films setting. …It could be five years after the event and it could be the night after the events of where we left Dawn. In May 2015, the title was first given as War of the Planet of the Apes. In interviews for Dawn, Matt Reeves talked a bit about the inevitable war Caesar would have with the humans, As this story continues and that is going to take us into the world of what he is grappling with
16.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
17.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
18.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
19.
Presbyterianism
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Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism which traces its origins to the British Isles, particularly Scotland. Presbyterian churches derive their name from the form of church government. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures, Presbyterian church government was ensured in Scotland by the Acts of Union in 1707 which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. In fact, most Presbyterians found in England can trace a Scottish connection, the Presbyterian denominations in Scotland hold to the theology of John Calvin and his immediate successors, although there are a range of theological views within contemporary Presbyterianism. The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church, the Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom, Presbyterians distinguish themselves from other denominations by doctrine, institutional organization and worship, often using a Book of Order to regulate common practice and order. The origins of the Presbyterian churches are in Calvinism, many branches of Presbyterianism are remnants of previous splits from larger groups. Presbyterians place great importance upon education and lifelong learning, Presbyterian government is by councils of elders. Teaching and ruling elders are ordained and convene in the lowest council known as a session or consistory responsible for the discipline, nurture, teaching elders have responsibility for teaching, worship, and performing sacraments. Pastors are called by individual congregations, a congregation issues a call for the pastors service, but this call must be ratified by the local presbytery. Ruling elders are usually laymen who are elected by the congregation and ordained to serve with the elders, assuming responsibility for nurture. Often, especially in larger congregations, the elders delegate the practicalities of buildings, finance and this group may variously be known as a Deacon Board, Board of Deacons Diaconate, or Deacons Court. These are sometimes known as presbyters to the full congregation, above the sessions exist presbyteries, which have area responsibilities. These are composed of teaching elders and ruling elders from each of the constituent congregations, the presbytery sends representatives to a broader regional or national assembly, generally known as the General Assembly, although an intermediate level of a synod sometimes exists. The Church of Scotland abolished the Synod in 1993, Presbyterian governance is practised by Presbyterian denominations and also by many other Reformed churches
20.
Lebanon, Ohio
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Lebanon is a city in and the county seat of Warren County, Ohio, United States, in the states southwestern region, within the Cincinnati metropolitan area. The population was 20,033 at the 2010 census, Lebanon is widely known as a tourist destination, with its many points of interest, historic landmarks, regional festivals and downtown shopping. The city also has an orchestra and chorus. Lebanon is in the Symmes Purchase, the site of his cabin is now on the grounds of Berry Intermediate School on North Broadway and is marked with a monument erected by the Warren County Historical Society. Lebanon was named after the Biblical Lebanon because of the many juniper or Eastern Redcedar trees there and it is known today as The Cedar City. City legend has it that Lebanon didnt grow as large as Cincinnati or Dayton because of the The Shaker Curse, during their migration, the Shakers decided an area outside of town was a suitable place for them to create a homeland for themselves. There was a disagreement with some of the locals and it was said the Shakers placed a curse on the city to hinder the citys prosperity, in reality, the Shakers thrived in the area, and built a settlement about 4 miles west of Lebanon called Union Village. A local man, Malchalm Worley was their first convert, since the Shakers did not engage in procreation, they relied on converts to increase their numbers. By 1900, there were almost no Shakers left in Ohio, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.97 square miles, of which 12.96 square miles is land and 0.01 square miles is water. The population density was 1,545.8 inhabitants per square mile, there were 7,920 housing units at an average density of 611.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 92. 7% White,2. 6% African American,0. 2% Native American,0. 8% Asian,1. 6% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 5% of the population. 24. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.12. The median age in the city was 34.7 years. 29. 2% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 3% were between the ages of 18 and 24,29. 5% were from 25 to 44,23. 9% were from 45 to 64, and 10. 1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49. 0% male and 51. 0% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 16,962 people residing in the city. The population density was 1,440.6 people per square mile, there were 6,218 housing units at an average density of 528.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 90. 98% White,6. 36% African American,0. 32% Native American,0. 64% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 37% from other races, and 1. 31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 13% of the population,24. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
21.
Kings Island
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Kings Island is a 364-acre amusement park located 24 miles northeast of Cincinnati in Mason, Ohio. After more than $275 million in investments, the park features over 80 rides, shows and attractions including fourteen roller coasters. Throughout its history, Kings Island has appeared in sitcoms and has received widespread recognition for its record-breaking attractions. One of the parks most well-known attractions, The Racer, is credited with reviving worldwide interest in roller coasters during the 1970s. Others, such as The Beast and Banshee, have set world records including some of which are still standing. The park has suffered through times of negative publicity, particularly surrounding the early demise of roller coasters The Bat. Kings Island is divided into themed sections. The seasonal amusement park is open from spring through Labor Day in September. In 2015, Kings Island was the second-most visited seasonal amusement park in the United States behind Cedar Point and it was third overall for seasonal attendance in North America, which was led by Canadas Wonderland. Kings Island has won Amusement Todays Golden Ticket Award for having the Best Kids Area in the world for fifteen consecutive years, although occasional flooding was common at the successful park, the flood in 1964 was the fourth highest on record and caused considerable damage. Faced with already-limited space for expansion and parking, the event triggered discussions within the organization about relocating the park, leading the way was Gary Wachs, son of Coney Island president Ralph Wachs, who with friends and family owned a majority of stock. He decided it was time to relocate the park to stay competitive, after years of research and traveling abroad, he presented ideas for a new theme park to the companys board of directors. Some board members opposed relocating, including significant stockholder Charles Sawyer, the announcement highlighted the need for change and gave Wachs proposal credibility within the organization. Gary met with the president of Taft Broadcasting Company, an interested in promoting its recently acquired Hanna-Barbera division. After receiving support, Fess Parkers efforts to secure financing fell apart along with his plans to build a theme park. In July 1969, Taft Broadcasting Company purchased Coney Island for $6.5 million and soon after purchased 1,600 acres in Warren County, Ohio, Kings Island still owns 773 acres of that purchase. The site is located between I-71 and the Little Miami River in what was then a part of Deerfield Township, construction began on June 15,1970. Later that year, a public contest was held to name the new park, Kings Island emerged the most popular for its recognition of the Kings Mills area as well as its predecessor Coney Island
22.
Hanover, Indiana
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Hanover is a town in Hanover Township, Jefferson County, Indiana, along the Ohio River. The population was 3,546 at the 2010 census, Hanover is the home of Hanover College, a small Presbyterian liberal arts college. Hanover is also the home of Southwestern High School, the Point, located on the campus of Hanover College, is the only place along the Ohio River that three bends can be viewed in the river. At that time, there were few European settlements on the bank of the Ohio River. Kentucky, on the banks of the Ohio, originally included as a part of Virginia. It is likely that prior to the early nineteenth-century European settlement of the Hanover area, captain George Logan grew up in a farming household in the area of Lexington, Kentucky. In the late winter of 1801, young Logan loaded a barge with produce and embarked on a journey westward on the Ohio River, at the time, he later noted, there were no European settlements in the area between present-day Carrollton, Kentucky and Louisville. According to Logan, both banks of the river were covered in thick forest and he also reported seeing Native American hunters and fishermen, a large number of buffalo and deer, and heard the cries of coyotes. Faced with heavy winds and harsh weather towards the end of February and he stopped his barge roughly a half mile west of the present-day area of Hanover Beach. After waiting for several days, he grew bored and decided to head ashore. Present-day Hanover is located on a hill overlooking the valley below. Armed with a rifle, Logan decided to explore and he climbed this hill to the today known as Logans Point. This was the first recorded instance of a European exploring the area of Hanover, Logan was so enamored with the view from atop Logans Point that he resolved he would some day move there. He carved his initials on a tree along with the date. It would be fourteen years before he would return to settle permanently. Judge Williamson Dunn, from Mercer County, Kentucky, purchased the area of modern Hanover from the federal government on November 28,1808. The following year, Dunn resettled his family to the area, and they became the first residents of a town called Dunns Settlement. A steady flow of settlers followed, most of whom were Scotch-Irish Presbyterians
23.
Sigma Chi
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Sigma Chi is a social fraternity in North America. The fraternity has 244 active chapters across the United States and Canada and has initiated more than 300,000 members, the fraternity was founded on June 28,1855 at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio by members who split from the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. Sigma Chi is divided into five entities, the Sigma Chi Fraternity, the Sigma Chi Foundation. Like all fraternities, Sigma Chi has its own colors, insignia, according to the fraternitys constitution, the purpose of this fraternity shall be to cultivate and maintain the high ideals of friendship, justice, and learning upon which Sigma Chi was founded. Sigma Chi was founded in 1855 by Benjamin Piatt Runkle, Thomas Cowan Bell, William Lewis Lockwood, several members of Miami Universitys Delta Kappa Epsilon chapter were also members of the Erodelphian Literary Society. In the fall of 1854 the literary society was to elect its Poet and he was supported by five of his brothers, but four others supported another man who was not a member of the fraternity. Although Thomas Bell and Daniel Cooper were not members of Erodelphian they had aligned themselves with the four dissenting members, the chapter had twelve members total and were evenly divided on the issue. Both sides saw this as a matter of principle and over the few months their friendships became distanced. In February 1855 Runkle and his companions planned a dinner for their brothers in an attempt to seal the rift, whitelaw Reid, one of the other brothers who supported the Delta Kappa Epsilon member as poet, was the only one to arrive. Reid brought a Delta Kappa Epsilon alumnus named Minor Millikin from a nearby town, Reid had told Millikin his side of the dispute and they had arrived to punish the group for not supporting their Delta Kappa Epsilon brother. The leaders of the rebellion, Runkle and Scobey, were to be expelled from the fraternity, the other four would be allowed to stay in the fraternity. Runkle resigned, and after the parent chapter at Yale University was contacted, the six men decided to form their own fraternity along with William Lewis Lockwood, a student from New York who had not joined a fraternity. On June 28,1855, the organization was founded under the name Sigma Phi Fraternity, Lockwood used his business training to help organize the fraternity in its early years. The eventual theft of Sigma Phis constitution, rituals, seals and it is possible this action could have been forced upon the group as there was already a Sigma Phi Society. Much of Sigma Chis heraldry was inspired by the story of the Emperor Constantine from the Battle of Milvian Bridge against Maxentius. The White Cross and the motto In Hoc Signo Vinces are examples of the Constantine link, although many of the symbols of Sigma Chi relate to Christianity, Sigma Chi is not a Christian fraternity. Benjamin Piatt Runkle was born in West Liberty, Ohio, Runkle helped design the badge of Sigma Chi based on the story of Constantine and the vision of the Cross. Runkle was known for having a fierce pride and was suspended from Miami University when he fought a member of Beta Theta Pi for sneering at his badge, when the Civil War began Runkle joined the Union Army
24.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
25.
Playboy
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Playboy is an American mens lifestyle and entertainment magazine. It was founded in Chicago in 1953, by Hugh Hefner and his associates, with a presence in nearly every medium. In addition to the magazine in the United States, special nation-specific versions of Playboy are published worldwide. The magazine has a history of publishing short stories by notable novelists such as Arthur C. Clarke, Ian Fleming, Vladimir Nabokov, Saul Bellow, Chuck Palahniuk, P. G. Wodehouse, Haruki Murakami, the magazine generally reflects a liberal editorial stance, although it often interviews conservative celebrities. After a year-long removal of most nude photos in Playboy magazine and he formed HMH Publishing Corporation, and recruited his friend Eldon Sellers to find investors. Hefner eventually raised just over $8,000, including from his brother and mother. However, the publisher of a mens adventure magazine, Stag, contacted Hefner. Hefner, his wife Millie, and Sellers met to seek a new name, considering Top Hat, Gentleman, Sir, Satyr, Pan, the first issue, in December 1953, was undated, as Hefner was unsure there would be a second. He produced it in his Hyde Park kitchen, the first centerfold was Marilyn Monroe, although the picture used originally was taken for a calendar rather than for Playboy. Hefner chose what he deemed the sexiest image, a previously unused nude study of Marilyn stretched with an arm on a red velvet background with closed eyes. The heavy promotion centered around Marilyns nudity on the calendar, together with the teasers in marketing. The first issue sold out in weeks, copies of the first issue in mint to near mint condition sold for over $5,000 in 2002. The novel Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, was serialized in the March, April, an urban legend started about Hefner and the Playmate of the Month because of markings on the front covers of the magazine. From 1955 to 1979, the P in Playboy had stars printed in or around the letter. The legend stated that this was either a rating that Hefner gave to the Playmate according to how attractive she was, the stars, between zero and 12, actually indicated the domestic or international advertising region for that printing. From 1966 to 1976, Robie Macauley was the Fiction Editor at Playboy, P. Donleavy, as well as poetry by Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Macauley also contributed all of the popular Ribald Classics series published between January 1978 and March 1984, christie Hefner, daughter of the founder Hugh Hefner, joined Playboy in 1975 and became head of the company in 1988
26.
Jimmy Kimmel Live!
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Jimmy Kimmel Live. is an American late-night talk show, created and hosted by Jimmy Kimmel, and broadcast on ABC. The nightly hour-long show made its debut on January 26,2003, Jimmy Kimmel Live. is produced by Jackhole Productions in association with ABC Studios. Contrary to its name, Jimmy Kimmel Live, does not air live, instead, it is shot 4 p. m. Pacific Time on the day of broadcast. Until 2009, new episodes aired five nights a week, from 2009 to 2012, starting with the January 2013 move, the Friday episode had been retitled Jimmy Kimmel Live. This Week, which showed highlights from the week of shows. However, the show has reverted to airing a rebroadcast of a recent episode on Fridays. On April 14,2009 after the March sweeps break, the show began broadcasting in 720p high definition. The show began on January 26,2003, replacing Politically Incorrect, ABC had originally intended to give Jon Stewart his own late-night program following Nightline, but Kimmel was chosen instead. Jimmy Kimmel Live. is ABCs first attempt at a traditional late-night talk show since its attempt to revive The Dick Cavett Show in the 1980s, while Cavett was the longest-lasting and best remembered of these attempts, none seriously threatened the domination of the Tonight Show. As a result, in 2012, Nightline switched places on ABCs schedule with Jimmy Kimmel Live, despite its name, the show has not actually aired live since 2004, when censors were unable to properly bleep censor a barrage of swearing from actor Thomas Jane. The shows house band is Cleto and the Cletones, led by saxophonist Cleto Escobedo III, like other talk shows with live bands, Cleto and the Cletones play the shows opening and closing themes and play into and out of commercial breaks. The shows opening theme was written by Les Pierce, Jonathan Kimmel and Cleto Escobedo III, the show originally had guest co-hosts each week who would sit at the desk with Kimmel and participate in skits and questioning each nights guests. The show also featured guest announcers, until comedian Andy Milonakis took over as the announcer from late 2003 to 2004. He would also appear in comedy bits for the show, then in 2004, Mighty Mighty Bosstones singer Dicky Barrett took over as the shows announcer when the Bosstones went on hiatus. The band has become active again, and performed live on the show in 2009. Francis Uncle Frank Potenza, Kimmels real-life uncle, served as a security guard for the show and he was a New York City police officer and a personal security guard for Frank Sinatra. Potenza did not appear regularly from December 2009 through March 2010, however, he later returned as a semi-regular. Potenza died on August 23,2011, at the age of 77, Guillermo Rodriguez is the parking lot security guard for the show, and frequently serves as a celebrity gossip correspondent in a segment called Guillermos Hollywood Round-Up
27.
Vice President of the United States
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The executive power of both the vice president and the president is granted under Article Two, Section One of the Constitution. The vice president is elected, together with the president. The Office of the Vice President of the United States assists, as the president of the United States Senate, the vice president votes only when it is necessary to break a tie. Additionally, pursuant to the Twelfth Amendment, the president presides over the joint session of Congress when it convenes to count the vote of the Electoral College. Currently, the president is usually seen as an integral part of a presidents administration. The Constitution does not expressly assign the office to any one branch, causing a dispute among scholars whether it belongs to the executive branch, the legislative branch, or both. The modern view of the president as a member of the executive branch is due in part to the assignment of executive duties to the vice president by either the president or Congress. Mike Pence of Indiana is the 48th and current vice president and he assumed office on January 20,2017. The formation of the office of vice president resulted directly from the compromise reached at the Philadelphia Convention which created the Electoral College, the delegates at Philadelphia agreed that each state would receive a number of presidential electors equal to the sum of that states allocation of Representatives and Senators. The delegates assumed that electors would typically choose to favor any candidate from their state over candidates from other states, under a plurality election process, this would tend to result in electing candidates solely from the largest states. Consequently, the delegates agreed that presidents must be elected by a majority of the number of electors. To guard against such stratagems, the Philadelphia delegates specified that the first runner-up presidential candidate would become vice president, the process for selecting the vice president was later modified in the Twelfth Amendment. Each elector still receives two votes, but now one of those votes is for president, while the other is for vice president. The requirement that one of those votes be cast for a candidate not from the electors own state remains in effect. S, other statutorily granted roles include membership of both the National Security Council and the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. As President of the Senate, the president has two primary duties, to cast a vote in the event of a Senate deadlock and to preside over. For example, in the first half of 2001, the Senators were divided 50-50 between Republicans and Democrats and Dick Cheneys tie-breaking vote gave the Republicans the Senate majority, as President of the Senate, the vice president oversees procedural matters and may cast a tie-breaking vote. As President of the Senate, John Adams cast 29 tie-breaking votes that was surpassed by John C. Calhoun with 31. Adamss votes protected the presidents sole authority over the removal of appointees, influenced the location of the national capital, on at least one occasion Adams persuaded senators to vote against legislation he opposed, and he frequently addressed the Senate on procedural and policy matters
28.
Mike Pence
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Michael Richard Mike Pence is an American politician, lawyer, and the 48th Vice President of the United States. He previously served as the 50th Governor of Indiana from 2013 to 2017, born and raised in Columbus, Indiana, Pence graduated from Hanover College and earned a law degree from the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law before entering private practice. After losing two bids for a U. S. congressional seat in 1988 and 1990, he became a conservative radio and he served as the chairman of the House Republican Conference from 2009 to 2011. Pence positioned himself as an ideologue and supporter of the Tea Party movement, noting he was a Christian, a conservative. Pence signed bills intended to restrict abortions, including one that prohibited abortions if the reason for the procedure was the race, gender. He later signed an additional bill acting as an amendment intended to protect LGBT people. Michael Richard Mike Pence was born June 7,1959, in Columbus, Indiana, one of six children of Nancy Jane and Edward J. Pence and his family were Irish Catholic Democrats. He was named after his grandfather, Richard Michael Cawley, who emigrated from County Sligo, Ireland, to the United States through Ellis Island and became a bus driver in Chicago and his maternal grandmothers parents were from Doonbeg, County Clare. Pence graduated from Columbus North High School in 1977 and he earned a BA degree in history from Hanover College in 1981, and a JD degree from the Indiana Universitys Robert H. McKinney School of Law in Indianapolis in 1986. While at Hanover, Pence joined the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, after graduating from Hanover, Pence was an admissions counselor at the college from 1981 to 1983. In his childhood and early adulthood, Pence was a Roman Catholic, kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. While in college, Pence became an evangelical, born-again Christian, after graduating from law school in 1986, Pence was an attorney in private practice. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in 1988 and in 1990. He became the president of the Indiana Policy Review Foundation, a self-described free-market think tank in 1991, Pence left the Indiana Policy Review Foundation in 1993, a year after beginning to host The Mike Pence Show, a talk radio program based in WRCR-FM in Rushville, Indiana. Pence called himself Rush Limbaugh on decaf since he considered himself politically conservative while not as outspoken as Limbaugh, the show was syndicated by Network Indiana and aired weekdays 9 a. m. to noon on 18 stations throughout the state, including WIBC in Indianapolis. From 1995 to 1999, Pence also hosted a political talk show from Indianapolis. In 1988, Pence ran for Congress against Democratic incumbent Phil Sharp and he ran against Sharp again in 1990, quitting his job in order to work full-time in the campaign, but once again was unsuccessful. During the race, Pence used political donations to pay the mortgage on his house, his credit card bill, groceries, golf tournament fees
29.
Contract killing
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Contract killing is a form of murder in which one party hires another party to kill a target individual or group of people. It involves an agreement between two or more parties in which one party agrees to kill the target in exchange for some form of payment. Either party may be a person, group, or an organization, contract killing has been associated with organized crime, government conspiracies and with vendettas. For example, in the United States, the gang Murder, contract killing provides the hiring party with the advantage of not having to commit the actual killing, making it more difficult for law enforcement to connect said party with the murder. In the United States, the United Kingdom, and many other countries, any contract to commit an indictable offense is not enforceable under contract law. Thus, if a hitman takes the money but then fails or refuses to perform, conversely, if the hitman performs the killing as promised but the customer refuses to pay, the hitman cannot sue the customer for monetary damages. Furthermore, both the killer and the person who paid the killer can be found guilty of murder. In some U. S. jurisdictions with capital punishment, a contract killing may be a special circumstance that allows for the contractor as well as the killer to receive the death penalty, criminal code statutes prohibiting solicitation of murder are also intended to curb contract killings. The study also found that the payment for a hit was $15,000 with variation from $5,000 up to $30,000. Contract killings accounted for 2% of murders in Australia during that time period, contract killings also make up a relatively similar percentage of all killings elsewhere. For example, they made up about 5% of all murders in Scotland from 1993 to 2002, Siegel was also the Italian mobs main hitman during Prohibition. Vincent Coll, an Irish-American hitman who worked for Dutch Schultz, li Fuguo, a Tang Dynasty Eunuch killed by a hitman hired by Emperor Tang Daizong. Shiori Ino, a 21-year-old University student killed by hitman Yoshifumi Kubota and he was paid by her ex-boyfriend and his brother, the case gained some notoriety in Japan. Grady Stiles, freak show performer whose family hired a hitman to kill him because of his abusiveness, Harry Greenberg, a Mafia associate of Charles Lucky Luciano, Meyer Lansky, and Siegel. He was killed by Siegel, Whitey Krakower, Albert Tannenbaum, Joe Masseria, was a Mafia boss that was murdered by Siegel, Vito Genovese, and Lepke Buchalter in 1931. Salvatore Maranzano, was a Castellammarese Mafia boss and rival to Masseria in the Castellammarese War and was killed by Siegel, benjamin Siegel, Las Vegas mob boss and Flamingo Hotel owner, killed by unknown assailants in 1947. Nicole Doucet Ryan attempted to hire an undercover Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer to kill her husband, after ruling she could not use the defense of duress, the Supreme Court of Canada ordered she not be retried. Tim Lambesis, former vocalist of metal bands As I Lay Dying, Austrian Death Machine and Pyrithion
30.
Life sentence
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Life imprisonment is any sentence of imprisonment for a crime under which convicted persons are to remain in prison for the rest of their lives or until paroled. Life imprisonment can, in cases, also be imposed for traffic offenses causing death. Canada and some U. S. states allow judges to impose life imprisonment for such offenses and this sentence does not exist in all countries. Portugal was the first country in the world to life imprisonment by the prison reforms of Sampaio e Melo in 1884. However, where life imprisonment is a sentence, there may also be formal mechanisms to request parole after a certain period of imprisonment. This means that a convict could be entitled to spend the rest of the sentence outside prison, early release is usually conditional depending on past and future conduct, possibly with certain restrictions or obligations. In contrast, when a term of imprisonment has ended. The United States leads in life sentences, at a rate of 50 people per 100,000 residents imprisoned for life, the length of time and the conditions surrounding parole vary greatly for each jurisdiction. In some places, convicts are entitled to apply for parole relatively early, in others, however, the time until being entitled to apply for parole does not necessarily tell anything about the actual date of parole being granted. The highest determined prison sentence that can be imposed in the ICC, after this period, the court will review the sentence to determine whether or not it should be reduced. Some technically finite sentences are handed out, especially in the U. S. that exceed the maximum life span and are therefore seen as de facto life sentences. He committed suicide in his cell one month later. Courts in South Africa have handed out at least two sentences that have exceeded a century and were thus symbolic life sentences, unlike other areas of criminal law, sentences handed to minors do not differ from those given to legal adults. A few countries worldwide allow for minors to be given sentences that have no provision for eventual release. Of these, only the United States currently has minors serving such sentences, as of 2009, Human Rights Watch had calculated that there were 2,589 youth offenders serving life without parole in the United States. Graham v. Florida was a significant case in juvenile justice, in Jacksonville, Florida, Terrence J. Graham tried to rob a restaurant along with three adolescent accomplices. During the robbery one of Grahams accomplices had a bar that he used to hit the restaurant manager twice in the head. Once arrested, Graham was charged with attempted armed robbery and armed burglary with assault/battery, the maximum sentence he faced from these charges was life without the possibility of parole, and the prosecutor wanted to charge him as an adult
31.
San Antonio
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San Antonio, officially the City of San Antonio, is the seventh-most populated city in the United States and the second-most populous city in the state of Texas, with a population of 1,409,019. It was the fastest growing of the top 10 largest cities in the United States from 2000 to 2010, the city straddles South Texas and Central Texas and is on the southwestern corner of an urban megaregion known as the Texas Triangle. San Antonio serves as the seat of Bexar County, recent annexations have extended the citys boundaries into Medina County and, though for only a very tiny area near the city of Garden Ridge, into Comal County. Due to its placement, the city has characteristics of other urban centers in which there are sparsely populated areas. San Antonio is the center of the San Antonio–New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical Area, growth along the Interstate 35 and Interstate 10 corridors to the north, west and east make it likely that the metropolitan area will continue to expand. San Antonio was named for Saint Anthony of Padua, whose feast day is on June 13, the city contains five 18th-century Spanish frontier missions, including The Alamo and San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, which were designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2015. Other notable attractions include the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, the Alamo Bowl, the city is home to the five-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs and hosts the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest such events in the country. The U. S. Kelly Air Force Base operated out of San Antonio until 2001, the remaining portions of the base were developed as Port San Antonio, an industrial/business park and aerospace complex. San Antonio is home to six Fortune 500 companies and the South Texas Medical Center, at the time of European encounter, Payaya Indians lived near the San Antonio River Valley in the San Pedro Springs area, calling the vicinity Yanaguana, meaning refreshing waters. In 1691, a group of Spanish Catholic explorers and missionaries came upon the river and Payaya settlement on June 13 and they named the place and river San Antonio in his honor. It was years before any Spanish settlement took place, father Antonio de Olivares visited the site in 1709, and he was determined to found a mission and civilian settlement there. He directed Martin de Alarcón, the governor of Coahuila and Texas, differences between Alarcón and Olivares resulted in delays, and construction did not start until 1718. The families who clustered around the presidio and mission formed the beginnings of Villa de Béjar, on May 1, the governor transferred ownership of the Mission San Antonio de Valero to Fray Antonio de Olivares. On May 5,1718 he commissioned the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar on the west side of the San Antonio River, one-fourth league from the mission. On February 14,1719, the Marquis of San Miguel de Aguayo proposed to the king of Spain that 400 families be transported from the Canary Islands, Galicia, or Havana to populate the province of Texas. By June 1730,25 families had reached Cuba, and 10 families had sent to Veracruz before orders from Spain came to stop the re-settlement. Under the leadership of Juan Leal Goraz, the group marched overland from Veracruz to the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar, due to marriages along the way, the party now included 15 families, a total of 56 persons. They joined the community established in 1718
32.
ADX Florence
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The United States Penitentiary, Administrative Maximum Facility is an American federal supermax prison for male inmates located in Fremont County, Colorado. It is unofficially known as ADX Florence, Florence ADMAX, Supermax, ADX also includes an adjacent minimum-security camp that, as of March 2014, houses more prisoners than the supermax unit. The BOP does not have a designated facility for women. The facilitys current warden is David Berkebile, both officers were killed using this tactic. Cluttss killer, Thomas Silverstein, is serving three life sentences at ADX, hoffmans killer, Clayton Fountain, died in prison of natural causes in 2004. Marion became a model for the subsequent construction of ADX, a facility designed from the ground up as a control unit prison, years later, Carlson said that building such a prison was the only way to handle inmates who show absolutely no concern for human life. Such individuals in addition posed the risk of becoming suicidal/homicidal, the residents of Fremont County welcomed the prison as a source of employment. At the time, the county was home to nine existing prisons. The supermax unit at ADX Florence houses about 410 male inmates, the facility is best known for housing inmates who have been deemed too dangerous, too high-profile or too great a national security risk for even a maximum-security prison. McVeighs co-conspirator, Terry Nichols, is serving 161 life sentences at ADX, robert Hanssen, the former FBI agent who betrayed several spies to the Soviet Union and Russia, is serving 15 life sentences at ADX for his crimes. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the perpetrator of the Boston Marathon bombings, was transferred here from another prison in the Florence complex on July 17,2015. The prison also houses inmates who are a high risk, including Richard McNair. Additionally, former Bonanno crime family boss Vincent Basciano is currently serving time at ADX Florence and these inmates are kept in administrative segregation. They are confined in a specifically designed single-person cell for 23 hours a day and they are removed under restraint, on a 24-hour clock. The hour outside of the cell is for showering, exercise, and with privileges and their diet is restricted as well, to ensure that the foods they are served cant be used to harm themselves, or to make unhygienic conditions in their cell. After at least one year, depending on their conduct, inmates are then allowed out for longer periods. The long-term goal is to them at ADX for three years, then transfer them to a less restrictive prison to serve out the remainder of their sentences. According to a 1998 report in the San Francisco Chronicle, ADX Florences main purpose is to try, ADX Florence is a 37-acre, 490-bed complex at 5880 Highway 67, Florence, Colorado, about 100 miles south of Denver and 40 miles south of Colorado Springs
33.
Coach Ernie Pantusso
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Ernie Pantusso, commonly known as Coach, is a fictional character on the American television show Cheers, portrayed by Nicholas Colasanto between 1982 and 1985. Coach was originally Sam Malones baseball coach before the shows premiere, then, he later became a bartender of Cheers while Sam became its owner and another bartender. He is not worldly wise but has some shred of wit and he also has a daughter named Lisa, who solely appeared in Coachs Daughter, from his late wife Angela. While he technically last appeared in the opening of Rescue Me, Colasantos last filmed appearance as Coach was an episode Cheerio. When Colasanto died in 1985, Coach was written out as deceased without explanation, since then, Colasantos replacement Woody Harrelson joined the cast as Woody Boyd in the fourth season of Cheers. Former umpire Ron Luciano auditioned for Coach Ernie Pantusso, but he failed to get the part because producers wanted an experienced actor. Robert Prosky, who appeared in the eleventh-season episode Daddys Little Middle-Aged Girl as the character Rebecca Howes Navy father, was offered the role of Coach. Therefore, the role was given to Nicholas Colasanto, according to Colasanto, Coach was nearly child-like and more of a surrogate son than a surrogate father to Sam Malone, while Sam was more of a father to Coach for dependency on Sams moral support. Moreover, Coach was beloved by everyone and a good lovable man, according to director and producer James Burrows, the character of Coach was much different from the actor Nick, Coach was slow, while Nick was sharp. Coach is a component of many people, is not a worldly man not well-read. He may be intelligent, but hes not worldly wise, hes so positive, thats what makes him funny. Hell say the most absurd thing, but, if someone corrects him, Ernie Coach Pantusso is a slow, forgetful bartender with a gravel voice, caring personality, shred of intelligence, and warm heart. The Coach doesnt have any worldly ambitions—hes very happy to make his paycheck, moreover, he listens to people and their problems very well. Ernie was nicknamed Coach because he was the coach of the Boston Red Sox and other teams. When Sam succumbed to alcoholism, leading to the end of his career, Sam bought the bar Cheers. He is still nicknamed Coach by everyone, although he has retired from coaching for years. As a young man, Ernie attended Catholic School, but dropped out of high school and he has a sister and two brothers, the younger brother has a daughter Joyce, who appears in only The Godfather, Part III. Coach is a widower since his wife Angela died before the show debuted and they have a daughter, Lisa, who only appears in Coachs Daughter
34.
Nicholas Colasanto
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Nicholas Colasanto was an American actor and television director, known for his role as Coach Ernie Pantusso in the American sitcom Cheers. He served in the United States Navy during World War II and he attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in the 1950s. He was diagnosed with heart disease in the mid-1970s, by 1984 his worsening symptoms forced him to stop working on Cheers, and he filmed his last full episode in November 1984. He died of an attack at his home on February 12,1985. Colasanto attended Bryant University and was a veteran of World War II. Around 1954 he was supposed to be an accountant for a company in Saudi Arabia, Colasanto appeared in feature films, including The Counterfeit Killer, Fat City, and Alfred Hitchcocks Family Plot. An in-demand actor and director, he had been diagnosed in the mid-1970s with heart disease, after twenty years of alcoholism, he became an active member of Alcoholics Anonymous from March 31,1976, and became sober in the same year. He began having trouble securing directing jobs by the end of the 1970s due to his declining health and his last major film role was a mob boss, Tommy Como in Raging Bull. Colasanto was prepared to retire when the role of Coach Ernie Pantusso was offered to him on Cheers, Coach would become Colasantos best known role. Suffering from heart disease, his health worsened by the season of Cheers. Castmates noticed his weight loss, though the actor chose to keep the severity of his illness a secret, shortly after the Christmas holiday in 1984, he was admitted to a local hospital due to water in his lungs. Co-star Ted Danson later commented that the actor had difficulty remembering his lines during production of the season. When Colasanto was released on the week of January 28 – February 3,1985, from the hospital after a two-week stay, his doctor recommended that he not return to work. Although he appeared in the opening of the third-season finale episode, Rescue Me, his last full episode was Cheerio Cheers. Colasanto died of an attack at his home on February 12,1985. On February 16,1985, more than three hundred people attended his funeral, including John Ratzenberger, the only cast member of Cheers to do so. NBC would not allow the entire cast to take a break from filming to fly to Providence, Ratzenberger, a New England native, was sent as a representative for the cast. The cast and crew held a memorial for Colasanto on the set in Los Angeles, Colasanto is buried in Saint Anns Cemetery in Cranston, Rhode Island
35.
Frasier
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Frasier is an American sitcom that was broadcast on NBC for eleven seasons, premiering on September 16,1993, and concluding on May 13,2004. The program was created and produced by David Angell, Peter Casey, the series was created as a spin-off of Cheers, continuing the story of psychiatrist Frasier Crane as he returned to his hometown of Seattle and started building a new life. Frasier stars Kelsey Grammer, David Hyde Pierce, John Mahoney, Jane Leeves, Peri Gilpin, psychiatrist Dr. Frasier Crane returns to his home town of Seattle, Washington, following the end of his marriage and his life in Boston. Frasier hires Daphne Moon as Martins live-in physical therapist and care giver, Frasier frequently spends time with his younger brother Niles, a fellow psychiatrist. Niles becomes obsessed with, and eventually falls in love with, Daphne, Frasier hosts The Dr. Frasier Crane Show, a call-in psychiatry show on talk radio station KACL. His producer Roz Doyle is very different from Frasier in many ways and she is down-to-earth, has basic tastes and, at least early in the series, has superficial relationships with many men. However, Roz and Frasier share a professional respect and over time they become best friends, Frasier and the others often visit the local coffee shop, Café Nervosa. The Crane sons, who possess fine tastes, intellectual interests, the brothers close relationship is often tense, and their sibling rivalry intermittently results in chaos. Niles Crane, Frasiers younger brother, also a psychiatrist, who works in private practice, Martin Crane, Frasier and Niless father, a police officer who was forced to retire by a gunshot wound to his hip that led to his living with Frasier. Daphne Moon, an English physiotherapist, hired by Frasier to help take care of Martin, Roz Doyle, the producer of Frasiers radio show, who becomes a close family friend. Eddie, Martin Cranes Jack Russell terrier, Bob Bulldog Briscoe, the male chauvinist, horny, boastful host of a sports radio talk show that followed Frasiers daily broadcast at KACL. He became a regular cast member for Seasons 4 through 6, noel Shempsky, KACL technical assistant and avid Star Trek aficionado who speaks Klingon, in love with Roz. Gil Chesterton, KACLs flamboyant, effeminate restaurant critic. Bebe Glazer, Frasiers manipulative, amoral agent, who is loathed by Frasiers family, the main cast remained unchanged for all 11 years. Grammer was briefly the highest paid actor in the United States for his portrayal of Frasier. Grammer had been the voice of Sideshow Bob on The Simpsons since 1990, in a 1997 episode, the characters brother, Cecil Terwilliger, was introduced, played by Pierce, as referenced in the episode title, Brother from Another Series. The episode contained numerous Frasier references, Pierce returned as Cecil for the second time alongside Grammer in the 2007 episode Funeral for a Fiend. The episode introduced the brothers father, Dr. Robert Terwilliger, cast member reunions also occurred on four episodes of Hot in Cleveland, which featured Leeves in the main cast along with Wendie Malick. In the Season 2 episode Unseparated at Birth and Season 3 episode Funeral Crashers, Gilpin appears in the episode I Love Lucci, and Tom McGowan appears in Love Thy Neighbor as a casting director
36.
Will & Grace
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Will & Grace is an American sitcom created by Max Mutchnick and David Kohan about the relationship between best friends Will Truman, a gay lawyer, and Grace Adler, a straight interior designer. It was broadcast on NBC from September 21,1998 to May 18,2006, during its original run, Will & Grace was one of the most successful television series with gay principal characters. Despite initial criticism for its portrayal of homosexual characters, it went on to become a staple of NBCs Must See TV Thursday night lineup and was met with continued critical acclaim. It was ensconced in the Nielsen top 20 for half of its network run, the show was the highest-rated sitcom among adults 18–49, from 2001 and 2005. Throughout its eight-year run, Will & Grace earned 16 Emmy Awards and 83 nominations, all four stars each received an Emmy Award throughout the series, making it one of only three sitcoms in the awards history to achieve this feat. In 2014 the Writers Guild of America placed the sitcom at number 94 in their list of the 101 Best Written TV series of all time. Since the final episode aired, the sitcom has been credited with helping and improving public opinion of the LGBT community, vice President Joe Biden commenting that the show probably did more to educate the American public on LGBT issues than almost anything anybody has ever done so far. In 2014 the Smithsonian Institution added an LGBT history collection to their museum which included items from Will, the curator Dwight Blocker Bowers stated that the sitcom used comedy to familiarize a mainstream audience with gay culture that was daring and broke ground in American media. When the set was removed in April 2014, rumours came up about a cast reunion and it was merely moved to Emersons new center in Los Angeles. A long-running legal battle between both the executive producers and creators and NBC took place between 2003 and 2007. All seasons of the series have released on DVD and the show has been broadcast in more than 60 countries. On September 26,2016, the cast reunited for a 10-minute special, after the success of the 10-minute reunion special, NBC announced that the network is exploring the idea of putting Will & Grace back into production. In January 2017, NBC confirmed the return, for a ten-episode ninth season. The episode order was increased to 12 on April 5,2017, will & Grace is set in New York City and focuses on the relationship between Will Truman, a gay lawyer, and his best friend Grace Adler, a Jewish woman who owns an interior design firm. Also featured are their friends Karen Walker, a socialite, and Jack McFarland. The interplay of relationships features the trials and tribulations of dating, marriage, divorce and casual sex, as well as comical key stereotypes of gay and he is very precise and obsessive when it comes to certain tasks, especially cleaning, dressing, and decorating. However, Will does have a patient and compassionate nature towards those close to him. Even though Will is gay, he not to be too overt
37.
The Colbert Report
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The show focused on a fictional anchorman character named Stephen Colbert, played by his real-life namesake. The character, described by Colbert as a well-intentioned, poorly informed, furthermore, the show satirized conservative personality-driven political talk programs, particularly Fox Newss The OReilly Factor. The Colbert Report is a spin-off of Comedy Centrals The Daily Show, the program was created by Colbert, Jon Stewart, and Ben Karlin. The shows writing was grounded in improvisation, and often lampooned current events stories, the shows structure also included a guest interview, in which the Colbert character attempts to deconstruct his opponents argument. The show was taped in New York Citys Hells Kitchen neighborhood, the show was taped and broadcast Monday through Thursday, with weeks taken off at multiple points in a given year for breaks. The Colbert Report saw immediate critical and ratings successes, leading to various awards, the shows cultural influence—which occasionally would require a fair degree of participation from the show’s audience, dubbed the Colbert Nation—extended beyond the program a number of times. This impact included the running for U. S. In addition, the show inspired various forms of multimedia, including music, the Colbert Report satirized conservative personality-driven political pundit programs, and focused on a fictional anchorman character named Stephen Colbert, played by his real-life namesake. Colbert joined Comedy Centrals The Daily Show in 1997, a year following its launch, when Jon Stewart became the programs host in 1999, The Daily Show developed a markedly different style, bringing a sharper political focus to the humor than the show previously exhibited. Colbert recalled that Stewart specifically asked him to have a political viewpoint, Colbert became a fixture on The Daily Show, occasionally hosting in Stewarts absence. In 2003, the program began running advertisements for a program titled The Colbert Réport. When fellow Daily Show star Steve Carell left to pursue a film and television career and he pitched The Colbert Report to the channel in 2004. Stewart pushed Comedy Central to pick up the show, and Colbert was given an eight-week tryout, following the shows immediate success, the show quickly became a fixture in the late-night lineup. At its peak, the show averaged 1.5 million viewers each evening, the fictional Colbert anchorman character became gradually toned down over the course of the shows run, as the host believed he would eventually need to move beyond it. He began to regard it as an act of discipline to perform as the character, he remarked, to model behavior. It became very hard to watch punditry of any kind, of whatever political stripe. With his contract set to end in December 2014, he had decided to leave the show when he was contacted by CBS to replace David Letterman as the host of its Late Show franchise. The shows ending was announced concurrently with Colberts jump to CBS in April 2014, the last episode aired on December 18,2014
38.
Stephen Colbert
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Stephen Tyrone Colbert is an American comedian, television host, and author. Colbert has hosted The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, a television talk show on CBS. Colbert originally studied to be an actor, but became interested in improvisational theatre while attending Northwestern University. He wrote and performed on the short-lived Dana Carvey Show before collaborating with Sedaris and he gained considerable attention for his role on the latter as closeted gay history teacher Chuck Noblet. His work as a correspondent on Comedy Centrals news-parody series The Daily Show gained him wide recognition, in 2005, he left The Daily Show to host a spin-off series, The Colbert Report. The series became one of Comedy Centrals highest-rated series, earning Colbert an invitation to perform as featured entertainer at the White House Correspondents Association Dinner in 2006, Colbert has won nine Primetime Emmy Awards, two Grammy Awards, and two Peabody Awards. Colbert was named one of Times 100 Most Influential People in 2006 and 2012 and his book, I Am America, was #1 on The New York Times Best Seller list in 2007. Colbert was born in Washington, D. C. the youngest of 11 children in a Catholic family and he grew up on James Island, South Carolina. Colbert and his siblings, in descending order by age, are James, Edward, Mary, William, Margo, Thomas, Jay, Elizabeth, Paul, Peter, stephens mother, Lorna Elizabeth Colbert, was a homemaker. In interviews, Colbert has described his parents as people who also strongly valued intellectualism and taught their children that it was possible to question the church. The emphasis his family placed on intelligence and his observation of negative stereotypes of Southerners led Colbert to train himself to suppress his Southern accent while he was quite young. While Colbert sometimes comedically claims his surname is French, he is of 15/16ths Irish ancestry, many of his ancestors emigrated from Ireland to North America in the 19th century before and during the Great Famine. He offered his children the option to pronounce the name whichever way they preferred, Stephen started using /koʊlˈbɛər/ later in life when he transferred to Northwestern University, taking advantage of the opportunity to reinvent himself in a new place where no one knew him. Ed responded /ˈkoʊlbərt/, to which Stephen jokingly replied, See you in Hell and they were en route to enroll the two boys at Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. Lorna Colbert relocated the family downtown to the urban environment of East Bay Street in Charleston. Colbert found the transition difficult and did not easily make new friends in his new neighborhood, Colbert later described himself during this time as detached, lacking a sense of importance regarding the things with which other children concerned themselves. He developed a love of science fiction and fantasy novels, especially the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, Colbert attended Charlestons Episcopal Porter-Gaud School, where he participated in several school plays and contributed to the school newspaper but was not highly motivated academically. During his adolescence, he briefly fronted A Shot in the Dark, when he was younger, he had hoped to study marine biology, but surgery intended to repair a severely perforated eardrum caused him inner ear damage
39.
Matthew McConaughey
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Matthew David McConaughey is an American actor. He first gained notice for his role in the coming-of-age comedy Dazed and Confused. Matthew McConaughey, the youngest of three boys, was born on November 4,1969 in Uvalde, Texas and his mother, Mary Kathleen Kay or KMac, is a former kindergarten teacher and a published author. She was originally from Trenton, New Jersey and his father, James Donald McConaughey, was from Louisiana and ran an oil pipe supply business. He played for the Kentucky Wildcats and the Houston Cougars college football teams, in 1953, Jim McConaughey was drafted in the 27th round by the NFL football team the Green Bay Packers. He was released before the season began and never played a league game in the NFL. Matthews mother and late father married each other three times and his ancestry includes Scottish, English, Irish, Swedish and German. He is a relative of Confederate brigadier general Dandridge McRae, McConaughey moved to Longview, Texas in 1980, where he attended Longview High School. He lived for a year in Warnervale, New South Wales, Australia and he attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he joined Delta Tau Delta fraternity. He began in the fall of 1989 and graduated in the spring of 1993 with a degree in Radio-Television-Film. His original plan had changed as he wanted to attend Southern Methodist University until a brother told him that private school tuition would have been a burden on the family finances. He also had planned to attend law school graduation from college. McConaughey began working in commercials, including one for the Austin, Texas daily newspaper, the Austin American-Statesman. The line, How else am I gonna keep up with my Horns, – a reference to his beloved Texas Longhorns sports teams – gave the local community a look at the young actor, before he was cast in Richard Linklaters film Dazed and Confused. In 1992, he was cast as Joe in Trisha Yearwoods video for her hit song Walkaway Joe, in the late 1990s, McConaughey was cast in leading roles in more movies, including Contact, Amistad, The Newton Boys, EDtv and U-571. By the early 2000s, he was frequently cast in comedies, including The Wedding Planner and How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days. McConaughey starred in the 2005 feature film Sahara, along with Steve Zahn, prior to the release of the film, he promoted it by sailing down the Amazon River and trekking to Mali. That same year, McConaughey was named People magazines Sexiest Man Alive for 2005, in 2006, he co-starred with Sarah Jessica Parker in the romantic comedy Failure to Launch and as Marshall head football coach Jack Lengyal in We Are Marshall
40.
HBO
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Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
41.
True Detective
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True Detective is an American anthology crime drama television series created and written by Nic Pizzolatto. The series, broadcast by the cable network HBO in the United States. Each season of the series is structured as a disparate, self-contained narrative, employing new cast ensembles and following various sets of characters, the first season received generally excellent reviews from critics and earned high ratings for HBO. It was nominated for and won awards and other accolades, chiefly for its acting, cinematography, writing. Reception to the season was more divided, though the show maintained high viewership for HBO. In July 2016, HBO head of programming Casey Bloys confirmed plans for a third season, stating. I talked to Nic about it and both Nic and HBO are open to another season, I dont think Nic has a take and hes working on some other projects. Were open to somebody else writing it and Nic supervising it and its a valuable franchise, its not dead, we just dont have a take for a third season yet. This came shortly after McConaughey said he would hypothetically be interested in reprising his role as Rust Cohle in a third season, in March 2017, it was revealed that Pizzolatto has written the first two episodes of a potential third season and that David Milch joined the creative team. Before developing True Detective, Nic Pizzolatto worked as a professor for the University of Chicago, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He also delved into fiction writing, having developed a fascination for it as a student at the University of Arkansas. His first published work was the story collection Between Here. The author published his novel, titled Galveston, four years later. Intended to be Galvestons follow-up, Pizzolatto felt True Detective was more suitable on-screen once the project took definite form. Pizzolatto shopped the novel to two TV executives, and, once he secured a deal in May 2010, drafted six screenplays, including the episode script for True Detective. He devoted another script for the shortly after his departure from The Killings writing staff in 2011. The final copy, amounting to 500 pages, was written without the aid of a writing staff, by this time, Pizzolatto secured a development deal with HBO, and by April 2012, the network commissioned True Detective on an order of eight episodes. Set up as a series, each season will feature a different cast of characters and self-contained narratives in various time periods
42.
Soccer Aid
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Soccer Aid is a biennial British charity event that has raised over £20 million in aid of UNICEF UK, through ticket sales and donations from the public. The event is a match between two teams of celebrities and former professional players, representing England and the Rest of the World. Soccer Aid was initiated by Robbie Williams and Jonathan Wilkes, television coverage began on ITV on 22 May 2006 in a show presented by Ant & Dec. Dermot OLeary took over as main presenter in 2010. The event returned on 7 September 2008, won by England for a time and again on 6 June 2010. England beat the RoW a third time on 27 May 2012, England won for the fourth time on 5 June 2016. ITV, 22–27 May 200622 May 2006 – Start of the coverage, presented by Ant. The competition was organised on behalf of UNICEF UK, with profits from the matches along with donations and sponsorship donated to UNICEF programs in Africa, Asia, Wilkes won the Man of the Match award. The England squad was managed by former England national football team manager Terry Venables, assisted by David Geddis, the original squad comprised 16 players, with Bryan Robson added later. A handful of the players, notably Angus Deayton, had previous celebrity international experience from the previous months England v Germany, The Legends match in Reading, the England squad went into the match with no major injury worries. Their victory over a squad of ex-England internationals from the 1960s to 1990s on Tuesday morning was tempered with defeats to the Rest of the World in a penalty shootout, captain Gordon Ramsay injured his leg in the early training sessions and was considered doubtful for the match. The original squad of 16 players, which later saw 2 changes, was supplemented by the addition of Diego Maradona during the buildup to the competition, lothar Matthäus had appeared in the England v Germany, The Legends match the previous month. The Rest of the World squad was wracked by injuries and withdrawals, also, Craig Doyle and Brian McFadden went into the match carrying knocks, which led to management members Ruud Gullit and Gus Poyet coming on as substitutes on Wednesday and in the match itself. England v Rest of the World, at 19,30 just before kick-off Jonathan Ansell sang the footballing anthem Nessun Dorma whilst the players were introduced to Sir Geoff Hurst, the England squad was coached by Harry Redknapp, with Bryan Robson as his assistant manager. However, after Collina was injured in the first half he was replaced by Scottish referee Hugh Dallas, the process of two professional referees overseeing one half of the match each has since been maintained in subsequent series. Soccer Aid 2010 was played on 6 June 2010 and it was broadcast in the United Kingdom on ITV and presented by Dermot OLeary. It was broadcast in the United Kingdom on ITV and presented by Dermot OLeary, Cat Deeley presented the backstage build-up show before the main event. The main match was hosted by Dermot OLeary with Kirsty Gallagher, caroline Flack presented from the BT Tower in London. Match commentators were Sam Matterface and Graham Taylor, and Sol Campbell was a studio guest, by full-time, the total raised for UNICEF was £4,233,019
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UNICEF UK
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UNICEF UK, also known as the United Kingdom Committee for UNICEF, is one of 36 UNICEF National Committees based in industrialised countries. The National Committees raise funds for the worldwide emergency and development work. In 2007, UNICEF UK raised £41.3 million for UNICEF’s work with children worldwide, UNICEF UK also advocates for lasting change for children. For example, it works to government policies and practices that are detrimental to children’s rights in the UK. Internationally, UNICEF is the leading children’s organisation, reaching children in more than 150 less-developed countries around the world and it works with local communities, organisations and governments to make a lasting difference to children’s lives. With its worldwide presence, UNICEF can respond rapidly wherever disaster strikes, UNICEF believes that every child should have clean water, food, health care, education, and a safe environment in which to grow up. The organisation upholds the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, UNICEF is not funded by the UN. Instead, it relies on donations to fund its work for children worldwide. UNICEF UK raises funds for these programmes through donations, the sale of cards and gifts, partnerships with companies, UNICEF UK is a registered charity. UNICEF UK has a history of support from its Ambassadors and high-profile supporters. Ambassadors help the organisation reach an audience, enabling it to highlight work undertaken to improve the lives of the most vulnerable children around the world. All UNICEF Ambassadors have been appointed because they have demonstrated a commitment to the organisation’s work. They dedicate time and energy in a variety of ways, visiting projects in the field and emergency situations, speaking to the media about what they have seen, UNICEF is supported entirely by voluntary contributions and the support from corporate partners makes a significant contribution to its work. Companies that currently have a partnership with UNICEF UK include Barclays, easyJet, Marks & Spencer, IKEA, Manchester United, EE, Pampers. UNICEF was the first charity to produce and sell cards for the purpose of raising funds, the very first UNICEF card was a Christmas card created in 1949. The card was a reproduction of a painting, sent as a thank you to UNICEF in 1947, jitka’s village in Czechoslovakia had received UNICEF emergency assistance after the Second World War. Since 1949, UNICEF has continued to sell cards and gifts in order to raise money for living in poverty around the world. In 2004 UNICEF UK expanded its range of cards and gifts to include a selection of ‘Inspired Gifts’ and these offer an opportunity to give a present which makes a real difference to the lives of children
44.
Old Trafford
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Old Trafford is a football stadium in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, and the home of Manchester United. It is about 0.5 miles from Old Trafford Cricket Ground, future expansion is likely to involve the addition of a second tier to the South Stand, which would raise the capacity to around 95,000. The stadiums record attendance was recorded in 1939, when 76,962 spectators watched the FA Cup semi-final between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Grimsby Town and it also hosted football matches at the 2012 Summer Olympics, including womens international football for the first time in its history. Before 1902, Manchester United were known as Newton Heath, during time they first played their football matches at North Road. However, both grounds were blighted by wretched conditions, the pitches ranging from gravel to marsh, while Bank Street suffered from clouds of fumes from its neighbouring factories. Including the purchase of the land, the construction of the stadium was originally to have cost £60,000 all told. The subsidy would have come to the sum of £10,000, however, despite guarantees for the loan coming from the club itself and two local breweries, both chaired by club chairman John Henry Davies, the Cheshire Lines Committee turned the proposal down. The CLC had planned to build a new station adjacent to the new stadium, the station – Trafford Park – was eventually built, but further down the line than originally planned. The CLC later constructed a modest station with one timber-built platform immediately adjacent to the stadium and it was initially named United Football Ground, but was renamed Old Trafford Football Ground in early 1936. It was served on match days only by a service of steam trains from Manchester Central railway station. It is currently known as Manchester United Football Ground, construction was carried out by Messrs Brameld and Smith of Manchester and development was completed in late 1909. The stadium hosted its game on 19 February 1910, with United playing host to Liverpool. However, the side were unable to provide their fans with a win to mark the occasion. A journalist at the game reported the stadium as the most handsomest, the most spacious, as a football ground it is unrivalled in the world, it is an honour to Manchester and the home of a team who can do wonders when they are so disposed. Before the construction of Wembley Stadium in 1923, the FA Cup Final was hosted by a number of different grounds around England including Old Trafford. The first of these was the 1911 FA Cup Final replay between Bradford City and Newcastle United, after the tie at Crystal Palace finished as a no-score draw after extra time. Bradford won 1–0, the goal scored by Jimmy Speirs, in a match watched by 58,000 people, the grounds second FA Cup Final was the 1915 final between Sheffield United and Chelsea. Sheffield United won the match 3–0 in front of nearly 50,000 spectators, most of whom were in the military, leading to the final being nicknamed the Khaki Cup Final
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