Yoga
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Yoga is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines that originated with its own philosophy in ancient India, aimed at controlling body and mind to attain liberation, as practi
Statue of Shiva performing yoga in the lotus position
A statue of Patanjali, author of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, meditating in the lotus position
The Pashupati seal from the Indus Valley Civilisation (3300 BCE) shows a seated figure, surrounded by animals, in a posture that was thought by 20th century scholars to be Mulabandhasana. This is rejected by more recent scholars.
Bas-relief in Borobudur of the Buddha becoming a wandering hermit instead of a warrior
Nondualism
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Nondualism, also called nonduality, is a polyvalent term originating in Indian philosophy and religion, where it is used in various, related contemplative philosophies which aim to negate dualistic th
Adi Shankara, the most prominent exponent of Advaita Vedānta tradition. "I am other than name, form and action. My nature is ever free! I am Self, the supreme unconditioned Brahman. I am pure Awareness, always non-dual." Adi Shankara, Upadesasahasri 11.7
The moon and its light hidden by the clouds is a metaphor for the luminous mind of Buddha-nature, which is always shining but can be hidden or covered over by the afflictions.
The layman Vimalakīrti debates Manjusri, Dunhuang Mogao Caves
Asaṅga (fl. 4th century C.E.), a Mahayana scholar who wrote numerous works which discuss the Yogacara view and practice