Zhores Ivanovich Alferov was a Soviet and Russian physicist and academic who contributed significantly to the creation of modern heterostructure physics and electronics. He shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for the development of the semiconductor heterojunction for optoelectronics. He also became a politician in his later life, serving in the lower house of the Russian parliament, the State Duma, as a member of the Communist Party from 1995.
Alferov in 2012
Alferov with Vladimir Putin
Alferov on a 2020 stamp of Russia
Alferov speaking at the opening of the Nanotechnology International Forum in Moscow, November 2010.
Vitebsk or Vitsyebsk is a city in northern Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Vitebsk Region and Vitebsk District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2024, it has 358,395 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth-largest city. It is served by Vitebsk Vostochny Airport and Vitebsk Air Base.
Left: Vitebsk Slavianski Bazaar, Vitebsk Annunciation Church, Pieramohi Offensive Monument in Pieramohi Square, Vitebsk Christ Resurrection Church; Right:Vitebsk Mark Chagali House, Vitebsk Assumption Cathedral, Vitebsk City Hall (all items listed from top to bottom)
View of Vitebsk in the early 19th century by Józef Peszka
Vitebsk in 1943, during the period of Nazi German occupation
Downtown of Vitebsk