Zitkala-Ša, also Zitkála-Šá, was a Yankton Dakota writer, editor, translator, musician, educator, and political activist. She was also known by her Anglicized and married name, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin. She wrote several works chronicling her struggles with cultural identity, and the pull between the majority culture in which she was educated, and the Dakota culture into which she was born and raised. Her later books were among the first works to bring traditional Native American stories to a widespread white English-speaking readership.
Zitkala-Ša in 1898, National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Zitkala-Ša with her violin in 1898
Zitkala-Ša, 1898, by Joseph Keiley
Zitkala-Ša, c. 1898, by Gertrude Käsebier
The Dakota are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government in North America. They compose two of the three main subcultures of the Sioux people, and are typically divided into the Eastern Dakota and the Western Dakota.
Charles Alex Eastman (1858–1939), physician, author, and co-founder of the Boy Scouts of America
Zitkala-Sa (1876–1938), Yankton author, photographed by Joseph Keiley