Zoetrope
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A zoetrope is a pre-film animation device that produces the illusion of motion, by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion. A zoetrope is a cylindric
A replica of a Victorian zoetrope
Device described in John Bate's The Mysteries of Nature and Art (1635)
Four phase animation device as depicted in Hopwood's Living Pictures (1899)
Czermak's 1855 Stereophoroskop
Phenakistoscope
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The phenakistoscope was the first widespread animation device that created a fluid illusion of motion. Dubbed Fantascope and Stroboscopische Scheiben by its inventors, it has been known under many oth
Zoetrope
…of motion, by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion. A zoetrope is a cylindrical variant of the phenakistiscope, an apparatus suggested after the stroboscopic discs were introduced in 1833. The definitive version of the zoetrope, with replaceable film picture…
A family viewing animations in a mirror through the slits of stroboscopic discs (detail of an illustration by E. Schule on the box label for Magic Disk - Disques Magiques, c. 1833)
A "Phantasmascope" with cards on display in Bedford Museum, England.
Joseph Plateau's illustration in Corresp. Math. (1833)
A paper zoopraxiscope disc by Eadweard Muybridge (1893)